Table des matières

Part 1: Introduction

Robert J. Flynn et Raymond A. Lemay

• 1 ORIGIN AND PURPOSES OF THIS VOLUME: AN APPRAISAL OF THE EVOLUTION AND IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION AND SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION AFTER A QUARTERCENTURY
• 2 THE ONGOING RENEWAL OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV: THE NEED FOR VALIDATING EVIDENCE, PROCEDURAL EVIDENCE, PERSONAL COMMITMENT, AND MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES
• 2.1 THE GENERATION OF FRESH VALIDATING EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV
• 2.2 THE PRODUCTION OF UP-TO-DATE SYNTHESES OF PROCEDURAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTIVE OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV
• 2.3 THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF PERSONAL COMMITMENTS CONSISTENT WITH NORMALIZATION AND SRV
• 2.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES ON NORMALIZATION AND SRV

Part 2: Historical Evolution of Normalization and Social Role Valorization Theory

Bengt Nirje

• 1 THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE
• 2 STUDIES AND PRELUDES
• 3 REFUGEES
• 4 PEOPLE WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
• 5 MY WORK AS THE FUB OMBUDSMAN
• 6 LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS
• 7 SOME PROFILES: BANK-MIKKELSEN, GRUNEWALD, AND WESSMAN
• 8 ROADS TO “NORMAL”
• 9 TOWARD INDEPENDENCE
• 10 INTERNATIONAL DYNAMICS
• 11 THE U.S. INVOLVEMENT
• 12 THE WRITING
• 13 AFTERWARD
• 14 CRISIS
• 15 A NEW START
• 16 IN CANADA
• 17 CONCLUSION

Wolf Wolfensberger

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 IDEAS AND SCHEMES THAT WERE WIDELY PROMOTED AS MAJOR ANSWERS IN HUMAN SERVICES, AND/OR FOR THE CONDITIONS ADDRESSED BY THESE, PRIOR TO THE ADVENT OF NORMALIZATION AND/OR SHORTLY AFTER IT, AND SOME IN COMPETITION WITH IT
• 3 INFLUENCES ON SERVICE REFORMERS AND WOLFENSBERGER THAT PREPARED THEM FOR THE NORMALIZATION IDEA
• 4 THE HISTORY OF INTERCONTINENTAL EXCHANGE IN HUMAN SERVICES THAT WAS THE CONTEXT FOR THE TRANSFER OF NORMALIZATION FROM SCANDINAVIA TO NORTH AMERICA
• 5 THE PRODUCTION OF CHANGING PATTERNS IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR THE MENTALL Y RETARDED
• 6 THE ELEMENTS OF NORMALIZATION THAT INITIALLY WERE NOVEL OR HIGHLY CONTROVERTED
• 7 THE PERIOD BETWEEN CHANGING PATTERNS AND THE TEXT ON THE PRINCIPLE OF NORMALIZATION IN HUMAN SERVICES
• 8 AN INTERPOLATIVE NOTE ON THE ONGOING EVOLUTION OF NORMALIZATION IDEAS INTO THE EARLY 1970S
• 9 THE PRODUCTION OF THE NORMALIZATION TEXT
• 10 WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF NORMALIZATION HAD NOT APPEARED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SCENE WHEN IT DID, OR IF IT HAD NOT FOUND VIGOROUS CHAMPIONS
• 11 CONCLUSION

Jack Yates

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 DEVALUATION: WHAT IS PEOPLE’S PROBLEM?
• 3 THE PRINCIPLE OF NORMALIZATION AS A RESPONSE TO DEVALUATION: DEFINITIONS
• 4 THE CONSERVATISM COROLLARY
• 5 EXPLORING THE IMPLICATIONS OF NORMALIZATION: TWO DIMENSIONS AND THREE LEVELS
• 6 SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 7 CONCLUSION

Susan Thomas et Wolf Wolfensberger

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 CLARIFICATION OF ISSUES RELATED TO SOCIAL ROLES
• 2.1 DEFINITION OF SOCIAL ROLES
• 2.2 THE TERM “ROLE” HAS SEVERAL—SOMETIMES CONFUSING—CONNOTATIONS
• 2.3 SOCIAL ROLES FALL ALONG A CONTINUUM OF PERCEIVED VALUE
• 2.4 ROLES FALL INTO DIFFERENT DOMAINS
• 2.5 ROLES MAY RANGE FROM NARROW TO BROAD
• 2.6 EVEN PARTIAL FILLING OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROLE MAY BE ENOUGH TO CAST A PERSON INTO THE ROLE
• 3 PREMISES UNDERLYING SRV
• 3.1 HUMANS REGARD EACH OTHER EVALUATIVELY
• 3.2 SOCIAL DEVALUATION CAN BE OF AND BY INDIVIDUALS AND CLASSES
• 3.3 THE COLLECTIVE/SOCIETAL TYPE OF DEVALUATION IS THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE ONE
• 3.4 SOCIAL DEVALUATION IS VASTLY MORE LIKELY TO BE UNCONSCIOUS THAN POSITIVE VALUATION
• 3.5 PEOPLE IN VALUED ROLES TEND TO GET THE GOOD THINGS OF LIFE, AND THOSE IN DEVALUED ROLES THE OPPOSITE
• 3.5.1 THE COMMONLY ACKNOWLEDGED GOOD THINGS OF LIFE
• 3.5.2 COMMON HURTFUL EXPERIENCES THAT BEFALL SOCIETALLY DEVALUED PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY ARE DEVALUED
• 4 THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL ROLES IN DETERMINING HOW A PERSON IS VALUED BY OTHERS AND BY SOCIETY AS A WHOLE
• 4.1 PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS ENCOUNTERED IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT THAT SUGGESTS SOME ROLES
• 4.2 PEOPLE RELATE TO EACH OTHER LARGELY ON THE BASIS OF SOCIAL ROLES, RATHER THAN ON THE BASIS OF THEIR INHERENT VALUE
• 4.2.1 ROLES STRONGLY DETERMINE HOW A PERSON IS TREATED
• 4.2.2 ROLES STRONGLY DETERMINE WHERE A PERSON GETS PUT
• 4.2.3 ROLES STRONGLY DETERMINE WHO A PERSON’S ASSOCIATES ARE
• 4.3 SRV, BEING ON THE EMPIRICAL PLANE, CANNOT SPEAK TO THE QUESTION OF THE VALUE OF PERSONS
• 4.4 SRV IMPLICATIONS ARE IMPORTANT AND POWERFUL IN ENACTING THE POSITIVE VALUATION OF A PERSON “FOR HIM/HERSELF”
• 4.5 IMPLICATIONS OF THIS DISCUSSION TO SOCIETALLY DEVALUED PEOPLE
• 5 SOCIAL IMAGE AND PERSONAL COMPETENCY AS TWO MAJOR MEANS FOR ENHANCING PEOPLE’S VALUE IN THE EYES OF OTHERS, AND FOR CONFERRING, PURSUING, OBTAINING, AND HOLDING VALUED ROLES
• 5.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF A POSITIVE IMAGE IN THE EYES OF OTHERS
• 5.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF POSSESSING VALUED COMPETENCIES
• 5.3 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMAGE AND COMPETENCY
• 6 CONVERSION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOCIAL ROLES INTO SOCIAL ROLE-VALORIZING ACTION
• 6.1 PROVIDING NEW VALUED, OR AT LEAST LESS DEVALUED, ROLES TO INDIVIDUALS OR CLASSES
• 6.1.1 PROVIDING NEW ROLES TO INDIVIDUALS
• 6.1.2 PROVIDING NEW ROLES TO CLASSES
• 6.2 ENHANCING THE PERCEIVED VALUE OF ROLES ALREADY HELD BY AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON, OR BY MEMBERS OF A DEVALUED CLASS
• 6.2.1 ENHANCING THE ROLES HELD BY INDIVIDUALS
• 6.2.2 ENHANCING THE ROLES HELD BY DEVALUED CLASSES
• 6.3 VALUED PARTIES ASSUMING AN OTHERWISE DEVALUED CHARACTERISTIC
• 7 THE TEN THEMES THAT ARE USED TO TEACH SRV
• 7.1 THE ROLE AND REALITY OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS IN DEVALUATION, DEVIANCY MAKING, AND THE PERPETUATION OF DEVALUATION AND DEPENDENCY
• 7.2 CONSERVATISM COROLLARY
• 7.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERPERSONAL IDENTIFICATION BETWEEN VALUED AND DEVALUED PEOPLE
• 7.4 THE CONCEPTS OF RELEVANCE, POTENCY, AND MODEL COHERENCY
• 7.5 REALITY OF SOCIAL IMAGERY AND IMAGE TRANSFER
• 7.6 THE POWER OF MIND-SETS AND EXPECTANCIES, AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL
• 7.7 THE COMMUNICATORS OF ROLE EXPECTANCIES, AND THE FEEDBACK BETWEEN THEM AND ROLE PERFORMANCE
• 7.8 THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT
• 7.9 THE POWER OF IMITATION AND MODELING
• 7.10 THE IMPORTANCE OF VALUED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND PERSONAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 7.11 CONCLUSION TO THE THEMES
• 8 THE “IF-THEN” FORMULATION OF SRV AS A FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING SRV DECISIONS

Part 3: Critical Perspectives on Normalization and Social Role Valorization

Michael J. Oliver

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 PRODUCING A MATERIALIST THEORY OF DISABILITY
• 3 DISABLED PEOPLE AND THE RISE OF CAPITALISM
• 4 THE IDEOLOGY OF NORMALIZATION
• 5 THE ROLE OF EXPERIENCE
• 6 THE MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF DISABLED PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
• 7 ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL CHANGE—HOW WILL IT BE DELIVERED?
• 8 CONCLUSION

Wolf Wolfensberger

Burt Perrin

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 GENESIS OF THE PRINCIPLE
• 3 WHAT IS THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE?
• 4 NORMALIZATION AND THE PRIMACY OF RIGHTS AND SELF-DETERMINATION
• 5 THE ENVIRONMENT, NOT NECESSARILY THE INDIVIDUAL, NEEDS TO CHANGE
• 6 EXAMPLES FROM CANADA
• 7 ROLE OF SUPPORT SERVICES, INCLUDING “SPECIAL” SERVICES
• 8 THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE AND THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT
• 8.1 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
• 8.2 POLICY LEVEL
• 8.3 PROGRAM LEVEL
• 9 CONCLUSION

Laird W. Heal

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 NORMALIZATION & SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION
• 1.2 QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
• 2 QUALITY-OF-LIFE DIMENSIONS
• 2.1 DATA SOURCES
• 2.2 SAMPLING
• 2.3 DEPENDENT VARIABLE: QUALITY OF LIFE
• 2.4 PREDICTOR VARIABLES
• 2.5 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• 2.6 RESULTS
• 2.7 DISCUSSION
• 3 DISENTANGLING COMPETENCE AND SATISFACTION
• 3.1 METHOD
• 3.2 SUBJECTS
• 3.3 ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS—LSS AND QOLQ
• 3.4 ITEM SELECTION
• 3.5 INTERVIEW PROCEDURES
• 3.6 RESULTS
• 3.7 DISCUSSION
• 4 GENERAL DISCUSSION

Part 4: Links Between Normalization, Social Role Valorization, Social Science Theory, and Empirical Research

Raymond A. Lemay

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 EARLY REFERENCES TO SOCIAL ROLES IN THE LITERATURE ON NORMALIZATION
• 2.1 ROLES IN THE 1969 BOOK CHANGING PATTERNS IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR THE MENTALLY RETARDED
• 2.2 ROLES IN THE 1972 BOOK THE PRINCIPLE OF NORMALIZATION IN HUMAN SERVICES
• 3 SRV’S ASSERTIONS CONCERNING SOCIAL ROLE THEORY
• 4 LIMITATIONS OF ROLE THEORY
• 4.1 ROLES: METAPHOR OR REALITY
• 4.2 THEORETICAL CONFUSION OR AN ABUNDANCE OF RICHES
• 4.3 ROLE THEORY, SRV, AND FUNCTIONALISM
• 5 STRENGTHS OF ROLE THEORY
• 5.1 THE BROAD APPLICABILITY OF ROLE THEORY
• 5.2 SOCIAL ROLES ARE INTIMATELY TIED TO PHENOMENOLOGICAL REALITY
• 6 THE DEVALUATION HYPOTHESIS: GROUP ROLES AND STEREOTYPES
• 6.1 DEVALUED ROLES
• 6.1.1 LIFE DEFINING ROLES
• 6.1.2 ROLES THAT ARE SYSTEMATICALLY ASCRIBED TO GROUPS OR CLASSES OF INDIVIDUALS
• 6.1.3 STEREOTYPES
• 7 THE ROLE AND THE PERSON
• 7.1 THE PERSON, ROLES, AND PERCEIVER
• 7.2 PERSON, ROLES, AND IDENTITY
• 7.3 ROLE AVIDITY
• 8 ARE THE GOOD THINGS IN LIFE CONTINGENT UPON VALUED ROLES?
• 9 ROLES AND EXPECTANCIES
• 10 THE USEFULNESS OF SOCIAL ROLES AS A COMPONENT OF OTHER APPROACHES AND THEORIES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION
• 11 CONCLUSION

Sara N. Burchard

• 1 THE VERMONT RESEARCH STUDIES
• 2 STAFF AND MANAGER COMPETENCIES
• 2.1 FIELD-BASED COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT
• 2.2 COMPETENCY-VALIDATION STUDIES
• 2.3 RESIDENT SATISFACTION
• 2.4 CONCLUSION
• 3 STUDIES OF COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT AND INTEGRATION
• 3.1 PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
• 3.2 MEASURES AND PROCEDURE
• 3.3 RESULTS FROM THE FIRST YEAR
• 3.4 CONCLUSIONS
• 4 PREDICTORS OF NORMALIZED LIFESTYLES
• 5 NORMATIVE COMPARISON
• 6 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES
• 6.1 STABILITY AND CHANGE OVER THREE YEARS
• 6.2 NORMALIZATION, SATISFACTION, AND WELL-BEING OVER THREE YEARS
• 6.2.1 RESULTS
• 6.2.2 CONCLUSION
• 7 RESEARCH AND PUBLIC POLICY
• 7.1 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
• 7.2 CONCLUSION

Robert J. Flynn et Tim D. Aubry

• 1 CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF INTEGRATION IN THE LITERATURE ON MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
• 1.1 WOLFENSBERGER’S EVOLVING CONCEPTUALIZATION OF INTEGRATION AS PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL IN NATURE, AND AS PERSONAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND VALUED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
• 1.1.1 WOLFENSBERGER’S NORMALIZATION-BASED DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 1.1.2 WOLFENSBERGER AND THOMAS’S SRV-BASED DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 1.1.3 WOLFENSBERGER’S MOST RECENT DEFINITION OF (“REAL”) INTEGRATION AS “PERSONAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND VALUED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION”
• 1.2 NIRJE’S SIXFOLD CONCEPTUALIZATION OF INTEGRATION: PHYSICAL, FUNCTIONAL, SOCIAL, PERSONAL, SOCIETAL, AND ORGANIZATIONAL
• 1.3 STOREY’S FOURFOLD CONCEPTUALIZATION OF INTEGRATION, AS COMPOSED OF PHYSICAL INTEGRATION, SOCIAL INTEGRATION, RELATIONSHIPS (SOCIAL SUPPORT), AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
• 1.4 INTEGRATION IN THE RESIDENTIAL SERVICES RESEARCH OF SARA BURCHARD AND HER COLLEAGUES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT
• 1.4.1 RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY INTEGRATION
• 1.4.2 RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 1.4.3 RESEARCH ON SOCIAL INTEGRATION, IN THE BROADER CONTEXT OF RESIDENTS’ SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SATISFACTION WITH THEIR LIVING SITUATION, AND PERSONAL WELL-BEING
• 1.4.4 CONCLUSION CONCERNING THE RESEARCH OF BURCHARD AND HER COLLEAGUES
• 1.5 INTEGRATION IN THE SOCIAL-LIFE RESEARCH OF STEPHEN NEWTON, ROBERT HORNER, AND THEIR COLLEAGUES AT THE SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 1.5.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CENTERED ON UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING THE SOCIAL LIVES OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
• 1.5.2 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION AS VALUED OUTCOMES
• 1.5.3 EFFORTS TO INCREASE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 1.5.4 CONCLUSION ON THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF NEWTON, HORNER, AND THEIR COLLEAGUES
• 1.6 RESEARCH ON INTEGRATION AS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE BROADER CONSTRUCT OF “COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT”
• 1.7 SCHALOCK’S RESEARCH ON INTEGRATION (“SOCIAL INCLUSION”) AS EMBEDDED WITHIN QUALITY OF LIFE
• 1.8 INTEGRATION IN THE RESEARCH OF CAMIL BOUCHARD AND MARC DUMONT AT THE LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE EN ÉCOLOGIE HUMAINE ET SOCIALE (LAREHS), UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTREAL
• 1.8.1 DEFINITION OF SOCIAL INTEGRA TION
• 1.8.2 ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 1.9 INTEGRATION WITHIN BIJELL AND MINNES’S ADAPTED ACCULTURATION PERSPECTIVE ON DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
• 2 CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF INTEGRATION IN THE LITERATURE ON PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITY
• 2.1 INTEGRATION WITHIN THE FIELD OF PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITIES
• 2.1.1 CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 2.1.2 EXTENT OF (EXTERNAL) SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 2.2 CORRELATES OF (EXTERNAL) SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 2.2.1 COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
• 2.2.2 FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS
• 2.2.3 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
• 2.3 SUMMARY ON THE INTEGRATION OF PERSONS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITIES IN THE COMMUNITY
• 3 CONCLUSION

Judith Sandys

• 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT
• 2 METHODS
• 3 THE PEOPLE AND THE PLACES
• 4 FINDINGS
• 4.1 THE DECISION TO HIRE: BALANCING ALTRUISM AND PRODUCTIVITY
• 4.2 DIFFERENCES AND CHALLENGES: DILEMMAS OF SUPPORT WITHIN THE WORKPLACE
• 4.3 EMPLOYER SATISFACTION: GAINING SATISFACTION THROUGH THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF SUPPORTED EMPLOYEES
• 4.4 EMPLOYER RESPONSES TO EMPLOYMENT EQUITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION; CHOICE OR OBLIGATION?
• 5 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
• 6 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

Robert J. Flynn

• 1 STUDIES BASED ON PASS
• 1.1 STUDIES BASED ON PASS 1
• 1.2 STUDIES BASED ON PASS 2
• 1.3 STUDIES BASED ON PASS 3
• 1.4 STUDIES BASED ON SHORT FORMS OF PASS 3
• 1.5 STUDIES BASED ON ADAPTATIONS OF PASS 3
• 2 STUDIES BASED ON PASSING
• 3 CONCLUSION

Part 5: Dissemination and Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization Through Training and Education

Susan Thomas

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 AN ORIENTATION TO LEVELS AND DIMENSIONS OF SOCIETAL CHANGE
• 3 THE TRAINING CULTURE IN NORMALIZATION/SRV
• 4 THE MOST COMMON KINDS OF TRAINING IN NORMALIZATION/SRV
• 4.1 SHORT PRESENTATIONS
• 4.2 SHORT-TERM INTENSIVE WORKSHOPS
• 4.3 VARIATIONS ON “STANDARD” WORKSHOPS
• 4.4 EMBEDDING NORMALIZATION INTO HUMAN SERVICE WORKERS’ PREPARATION
• 5 SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMALIZATION TRAINING AND SRV TRAINING
• 6 SOME FACTS ON THE NUMBER AND “KINDS” OF PEOPLE TRAINED
• 7 SOME CHANGES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE TRAINING AND TRAINING CULTURE
• 7.1 THE “KINDS” OF PEOPLE RECEIVING TRAINING
• 7.2 THE SPONSORSHIP OF THE TRAINING
• 7.3 THE EXPECTATIONS FOR THE TRAINING
• 8 THE QUESTION OF “TRAINING FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC”

Deborah Reidy

• 1 BACKGROUND: DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION AND DASHED HOPES
• 2 SEARCHING FOR A CULPRIT
• 3 PARADIGM OF SUPPORT: A REFORM IN PARADIGM-SHIFT CLOTHING
• 4 REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS: WHAT ARE THEY? HOW MIGHT THEY BE MET?
• 5 PROMISING PEDAGOGIES FOR BRINGING THE SRV MESSAGE TO COMMUNITIES
• 6 CONCLUSION

John O’Brien

• 1 A DESIGN FOR LEARNING
• 2 “AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE”—THE MOTOR FOR LEARNING
• 3 THE POWERS OF SOCIAL DEVALUATION
• 4 COMPLEMENTARY PATHS TO REFORM
• 5 THE PATH OF DETACHMENT
• 6 THE TURNING POINT
• 7 THE PATH OF CREATION
• 8 CONCLUSION

Part 6: International Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization

A: In Scandinavia

Kristjana Kristiansen

• 1 NORMALIZATION AS AN IDEOLOGICAL ENERGY SOURCE
• 2 NORMALIZATION AND SRV: MAGNET FOR ALLIANCES
• 3 NORMALIZATION AS A GUIDE FOR SOCIOPOLITICAL REFORM
• 4 EXPORT OF IDEOLOGY
• 5 DEBATE: CONTENT AND IMPLICATIONS
• 6 IMPORT OF THEORY AND TRAINING TO NORWAY
• 7 NORMALIZATION AND SRV: ACTUAL IMPACTS
• 7.1 INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
• 7.2 NEARLY NORMATIVE HOUSING
• 7.3 SCHOOLS FOR ALL
• 7.4 EMPLOYMENT
• 7.5 LEISURE AND CULTURAL
• 7.6 INDIVIDUALIZED SUPPORTS
• 7.7 AUTONOMY
• 7.8 IMAGES, POSITIVE ROLE PERCEPTIONS, AND LANGUAGE CHANGE
• 7.9 ADMINISTRATIVE NORMALIZATION
• 7.10 IDENTIFYING NEED FOR STAFF DEVELOPMENT AND WORKER COMPETENCY
• 7.11 FRAMEWORKS FOR SERVICE QUALITY
• 7.12 TYPE OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• 7.13 DEBATE
• 7.14 CHALLENGES TODAY

Anna Hollander

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 THE BASIS OF THE SWEDISH WELFARE STATE AS THE ORIGIN OF THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE
• 3 THE REALIZATION OF THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE
• 4 LEGISLATION FOR SUPPORT AND SERVICES FOR PERSONS WITH CERTAIN DISABILITIES

Kristjana Kristiansen, Marten Söder et Jan Tøssebro

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 FIRST GENERATION OF RESEARCH ON INTEGRATION: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN PEOPLE ARE INTEGRATED?
• 3 SECOND GENERATION OF INTEGRATION RESEARCH: BROADENING THE PERSPECTIVE
• 3.1 SOCIAL RELATIONS
• 3.2 STUDIES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
• 3.3 DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGY
• 3.4 NEW REALITY, NEW RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• 4 LIVING CONDITIONS AND THE WELFARE STATE
• 4.1 USE OF SURVEYS
• 4.2 BETTER OR GOOD ENOUGH?
• 4.3 COMPARATIVE STUDIES: WHY NOW?
• 4.4 COMPARATIVE STUDIES: WHY NOT BEFORE?
• 4.5 A MIXED LIVING CONDITIONS APPROACH
• 5 EPILOGUE: THE PATERNALISTIC DILEMMA
• 5.1 THE FIRST PROBLEM TYPE: USING SUBJECTIVE REPORTS
• 5.2 THE SECOND PROBLEM TYPE: RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND PREFERENCE

B: In the English-Speaking World

Michael Kendrick

• 1 EFFECT ON SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS
• 1.1 THE CULTURALLY VALUED ANALOGUE
• 1.2 DEFINITION OF HUMANNESS
• 1.3 RISING EXPECTATIONS OF DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL
• 1.4 DESTIGMATIZING CHALLENGES TO NEGATIVE ROLE STEREOTYPING (I.E., SOCIAL-IMAGE TRANSFORMATION)
• 1.5 THE ACQUISITION AND GRANTING OF VALUED SOCIAL ROLES AND ROLE PERCEPTIONS
• 2 EFFECTS ON SERVICES AND SERVICE-DELIVERY CULTURES
• 2.1 THE RISE OF AN UNPRECEDENTED QUANTITY AND VARIETY OF FORMAL COMMUNITY SERVICES TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY LIVING
• 2.2 DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
• 2.3 SUPPORT FOR PERSONS TO LIVE IN NORMATIVE HOUSING
• 2.4 INTEGRATED EDUCATION
• 2.5 WORK, EMPLOYMENT, AND TRAINING
• 2.6 INTEGRATED LEISURE AND SUPPORTED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• 2.7 USE OF GENERIC SERVICES AND RESOURCES
• 2.8 GROWTH OF PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION SERVICES AND OTHER FORMAL SAFEGUARDS
• 2.9 THE ROLE OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES WITHIN THEIR FAMILIES
• 3 INSTRUCTIVE AMBIGUITIES IN THE POSSIBLE IMPACT OF SRV
• 3.1 ADOPTION OF SELECTIVE ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION
• 3.2 PERVERSE, CONFUSED, OR INCORRECT USES OF SRV
• 3.3 WEAK, MEDIOCRE, NONRIGOROUS USES OF SRV
• 3.4 CONTROVERSY, ACCEPTANCE AND RECOGNITION OF SRV
• 3.5 COEXISTENT COUNTER-SRV TRENDS
• 3.6 SCOPE AND FOCUS OF SRV INFLUENCE
• 4 SRV TRAINING LITERATURE

André Blanchet

Tony Wainwright

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 THE U.K. CONTEXT
• 3 COMMENTS ON THE CHAPTERS
• 3.1 COMMENTS ON CHAPTER 18 BY KRISTJANA KRISTIANSEN
• 3.2 COMMENTS ON CHAPTER 25 BY JACQUES PELLETIER
• 3.3 COMMENTS ON CHAPTER 21 BY MICHAEL KENDRICK
• 4 CLOSING REMARKS

Peter Millier

• 1 HISTORY
• 2 IMPACT
• 3 IMPACT ON DISABILITY LEGISLATION, POLICY, AND PRACTICE
• 4 IMPACT ON AGED CARE LEGISLATION, POLICY, AND PRACTICE
• 5 SRV NETWORK IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
• 6 CRITIQUE, ANALYSIS, AND RESEARCH
• 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

C: In the French-Speaking World

Jacques Pelletier

• 1 OVERVIEW
• 2 SOME HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
• 3 CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV IN FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
• 3.1 HOW NORMALIZATION AND SRV WERE TRANSMITTED
• 3.2 COMMUNITIES WHERE NORMALIZATION AND SRV HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE
• 3.2.1 QUEBEC
• 3.2.2 OTHER CANADIAN COMMUNITIES
• 3.2.3 FRANCE
• 3.2.4 SWITZERLAND
• 3.2.5 BELGIUM
• 3.3 THE LEGACY OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV IN FRANCOPHONE COMMUNITIES
• 3.3.1 SOCIAL POLICY
• 3.3.2 A TRANSFORMED SERVICE SYSTEM
• 3.3.3 A NAIVE BELIEF IN SERVICE SYSTEMS
• 3.3.4 COMMENTS ON A NEW VOCABULARY
• 4 CONCLUSION

André Dionne

• 1 FOREWORD
• 2 LEGISLATION
• 3 THE 1988 MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ON SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• 4 EDUCATION PROGRAMS
• 5 RESIDENTIAL SERVICES
• 6 SERVICE QUALITY AS MEASURED BY PASSING
• 7 CONCLUSION

Part 7: Personal Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization

Peter Park et Beth French

Joe Osburn

David B. Schwartz

Part 8: The Future

Wolf Wolfensberger

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 LIKELY PROBLEMS IN THE FUTURE OF NORMALIZATION AND SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION
• 2.1 THE PERSISTENCE OF CERTAIN EARLIER PROBLEMS
• 2.2 NEW, AND PRIMARILY IDEOLOGICAL, OBJECTIONS TO NORMALIZATION AND SRV
• 2.2.1 RACIAL-CONFLICT IDEOLOGY OBJECTIONS
• 2.2.2 FEMINISM OBJECTIONS
• 2.2.3 OBJECTIONS REVOLVING AROUND DENIAL OF HUMAN DIFFERENCES AND IMPAIRMENTS, AND/OR THEIR IMPLICATIONS
• 2.2.4 RADICAL RIGHTS ORIENTATION OBJECTIONS
• 2.3 A PARTIAL RESPONSE TO SOME NEWER OBJECTIONS
• 2.3.1 A BRIEF ELUCIDATION OF CERTAIN SHORTCOMINGS OF THE RADICAL RIGHTS POSITION
• 2.3.1.1 The arrogation of absolute lordship over one’s life
• 2.3.1.2 Radical separation of the individual from the common good, and a blindness about the antagonism between comitus polity and individualism/“diversity”
• 2.3.1.3 A naive reliance on Caesar’s law
• 2.3.1.4 Decommunitization via radical individual rights is murderous of vulnerable people
• 2.3.1.5 Alienation of the radical rights position from the realities of human nature
• 2.3.2 CONCLUSION TO THE RESPONSE TO NEWER OBJECTIONS
• 3 QUESTIONS COMMONLY RAISED ABOUT THE FUTURE OF NORMALIZATION AND SRV
• 3.1 ARE NORMALIZATION AND SRV OUTMODED OR PASSÉ?
• 3.2 ARE NORMALIZATION AND SRV (STILL) IMPLEMENTABLE?
• 3.2.1 THE IMPENDING COLLAPSE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NORMALIZATION AND SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION
• 3.2.2 THE DEGRADATION OF THE MENTAL FUNCTIONING OF MODERNISTIC PEOPLE
• 3.2.3 THE LOW LIKELIHOOD THAT NORMALIZATION/SRV WILL PENETRATE, OR OVERCOME, “SHRINKERY”
• 3.2.4 THE POSSIBILITY OF A RETURN TO CONCEPTUAL CHAOS
• 3.2.5 THE ABSENCE OF A PROMINENT PERSON OR BODY TO PROMOTE, PRESERVE, AND ELABORATE NORMALIZATION/SRV
• 3.2.6 A SMALL HOPEFUL NOTE
• 4 CONCLUSION

Part 9: Appendix

Carole St-Denis et Robert J. Flynn

Part 10: Indexes