Table des matières
Janna Fox
IntroductionSection I. What does it mean to know a language?
Bernard Spolsky
1. On Second ThoughtsSection II. What are we measuring?
J. Charles Alderson
2. The Challenge of (Diagnostic) Testing: Do We Know What We Are Measuring?Lyle F. Bachman
3. What is the Construct? The Dialectic of Abilities and Contexts in Defining Constructs in Language Assessment- Introduction
- Persistent Problem: Relating Abilities and Contexts
- Defining Constructs: Historical Overview
- 1. Skills and Elements
- 2. Direct Testing/Performance Assessment
- 3. Pragmatic Language Testing
- 4. Communicative Language Testing
- Canale and Swain
- U.K. Symposia
- U.S. Symposia
- 5. Interaction-Ability (Communicative Language Ability)
- 6. Task-Based Performance Assessment
- a. Task-based performance assessment 1
- b. Task-based performance assessment 2
- 7. Interactional Approach to Language Assessment
- The way we define what we assess
- Conceptualizing and operationalizing context
- Some Unresolved Issues Raised by an Interactionalist Approach
- Some Implications for Language Assessment
- Language Testers as Researchers and as Practitioners
- Implications for language testing researchers
- Implications for practical test development
- Conclusion
Section III. Language Testing Research: Points of Departure
Andrew D. Cohen
5. The Coming of Age for Research on Test-Taking Strategies- Early Work on Test-Taking Strategies
- Themes in the Test-Taking Strategy Research
- Conceptual Frameworks for Classifying Strategies
- L1- and L2-Related Strategies
- Proficiency Level and Test-Taking Strategies
- Strategies as a Function of Testing Method
- Appropriateness of the Research Methods
- Research Related to Test-Taking Strategies from 1990 to 2005
- Test-Taking Strategy Research for Test Validation Purposes
- A Focus on Test-Wiseness to Validate Tests
- Language Proficiency Related to Test-Taking Strategies
- Strategy Instruction for Performance on High-Stakes Standardized Tests
- Conclusion
- Test Validation
- Research Methodology
- Research Findings
Anne Lazaraton et Lynda Taylor
6. Qualitative Research Methods in Language Test Development and ValidationTim McNamara
7. Language Testing: A Question of ContextSection IV. Antecedents and Prospects
Elana Shohamy
8. Tests as Power Tools: Looking Back, Looking Forward
