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Stratégies d’influence et guerres de l’information

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Maud Quessard

Bibliographie

Texte intégral

Sources primaires

Les Archives américaines (documents non publiés)

National Archives II and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Maryland (MD)

Archives de l’USIA (Record Group 306: United States Information Agency)

Historical Collection, 1953-2000

« Special “S” Reports » Of The Office Of Research, 1953-1967

Motion Pictures, 1953-1984

Still Pictures (documents photographiques associés au RG 306) : Prague, Belgrade, Italy, Poland, Paris, Berlin, Bucharest

Archives du département d’État (Record Group 59: General Records of the Department of State)

Central Decimal Files, 1955-1963

Autres archives des affaires étrangères américaines (Record Group 84: Records of the Foreign Services Posts of the Department of State)

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Archives de la bibliothèque présidentielle Richard Nixon disponibles aux Archives nationales II en 2006 (Richard Nixon Presidential Archives)

Nixon Presidential Material Staff, White House Special Files, White House Central Files FG 230 (USIA) Nixon National Security Council (NSC), Institutional Files

Nixon Kissinger Office Files

Nixon National Security Council NSC Files

Les Archives présidentielles des Administrations Eisenhower et Kennedy
(Roosevelt Study Center, Middelburg, Pays-Bas)

Documents et correspondances de l’USIA adressés à la Maison-Blanche

President Dwight Eisenhower Office Files, 1953-1961, 64 reels, Part 1: Eisenhower Administration Series, 32 reels, Research Collections in American Politics, Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections, General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg, Frederick, MD: University publications of America, 1990.

President Kennedy Office Files, 1961-1963, Part 3: Departments and Agencies, reel 27, « U.S Information Agency Cont. », Research Collections in American Politics, Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections. General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg, Frederick, MD: University publications of America, 1990.

Les Archives de la bibliothèque présidentielle Ronald Reagan
(Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, California)

White House Staff and Office Files 1981-1989

Archives des membres de l’administration Reagan ayant travaillé en collaboration avec l’USIA

Allin Lyndon (Mort): Files Box 07998 USIA (1) – (22)

Arey Linda: Files 15027

Bonitati Robert: Files 06849

Dolan Anthony: Files 023-065 Dolan

Fileding Fred: Files 039F-Fieldind, 42F Charles Wick

Jacobi Mary Jo: Files 12166 USIA International Visitors Program

Kranowitz Alan: Files 16796 USIA January 1987-October 1988

MacDonald Donald Ian Files: 16759 Worldnet

Rusthoven Peter: Files 11 425

Small-Stringer Karna: Files (Media Relations) 09117 Leo Jaffe

Bitsany Joanna: Files OA 7886 USIA

Cooksey Sherrie M.: Files OA 11723

First Lady, Office of the Records Press Office OA 15733 America Illustrated

Foley Todd: Files OA 14580 USIA

Kojelis Linas J: Files OA9418 USIA International Visitors1984, OA13513 Gorbachev Summit, November 1985

Peschong John A.: Files OA 18273 Worldnet USIA Election, OA 18274 Worldnet Address

Rhoden Caroline: Files OA 15495 USIA/Responses to Satellite Coverage

Sims Robert B.: Files OA 12305 USIA

Steiner Steven S.: Files Box 91753 Soviet Propaganda Trends

Harper Edwin L.: Files OA 7891 USIA/Peace Corps

Presidential Personel, Office of Records 18229 US-Soviet Exchange

Speechwriting, Office of Research Office Records 15998

Waller David: Files 12681-12682-12683 Wick and USIA

Hewitt Hugh: Files 12262 U.S Information Agency

Executive Secretariat, NSC: Agency File Records 1981-1985 Rac Box 009-Agency USIA

Les Archives de la Maison-Blanche relatives aux relations entre l’USIA et le NSC

Hill Kenneth J.: Files 001-Hill CIA Briefing from K. Hill-Secret-Wick USIA

Kimmitt Robert: Files 90300 Legal National Endowment for Democracy USIA

Lord Carnes: Files 90267 USIA (1)-(2)

Mandel Judyth E.: Files 91721 USIA Actions, 92141 USIA Materials, Polls

Raymond Walter: Files 91759 112 USIA AID Exchange

Steiner Stevens: Files 91753 USIA

Les Archives présidentielles relatives aux relations entre l’USIA et la Maison-Blanche

White House Office of Records Management (WHORM): Presidential Handwriting File [copy set]

Appointments And Scheduling, Office of: Records18819

White House Office Of Records Management (WHORM): Presidential Handwriting File

White House Office Of Records Management (WHORM): Presidential Handwriting File [copy set]

Les Archives de la Maison-Blanche regroupées par thèmes

WHORM Subject File: WICK, MR. AND MRS. Charles

WHORM Subject File: CO165 USSR

Références additionnelles : les archives des membres de l’Administration Reagan concernant la diplomatie publique et les radios libres

Public Diplomacy

Coy Craig: Files

Ermath Fritz: Files 92084 Moscow Summit-Public Diplomacy 05/26/1988-06/03/1988

Executive Secretariat, NSC: NSDDs 91287 NSDD 77 [01/14/1983 NSDD 77 Management of Public Diplomacy Relative to National Security] (1)-(6)

Matclock Jack: Files 055-Matlock Summit 1986-US Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy

Raymond Walter: Files 91162 Project Truth, Project Democracy, Public Diplomacy & NED 1977-1986

Speechwriting, Office of: Speech Drafts U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy

VOA/RFE/RL

Meese Edwin: Files Box CF0124

Pipes Richard: Files Box 001-Pipes

Hill Kenneth John: Files 006-Hill

Les Archives institutionnelles (documents publiés, bibliographie indicative)

The White House: The Public Papers of the President of the United States

Dwight D. Eisenhower: containing the public messages, speeches and statements of the President, 1953-1961, 8 vol., Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1958-1961.

John F. Kennedy: containing the public messages, speeches, and statements of the President, 1961-1963, 3 vol., Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1962-1964.

Lyndon B. Johnson, 1963-1969, 5 vol., Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1965-1970.

Ronald Reagan: 1981-1989, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1982-1991.

The U.S. Department of State

Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, « Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy Report, 1980-1989 », Washington, D.C., ACPD, 1980-1993.

Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, « Assessing Public Diplomacy, A Notional Model », Annual Reports, Washington, D.C., ACPD, 2001-2015.

American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1956-1967, 1981-1989, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1956-1991.

Contemporary Soviet Propaganda and Disinformation: A Conference Report: Airlie, Virginia, June 25-27, 1985, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1985.

Cultural relations between the US and the Soviet Union, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1949, 25 p.

Cultural relations as an instrument of US foreign policy: the educational exchange program between the United States and Germany, 1945-1954, Washington, D.C., Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, USGPO, 1978.

The Department of State Bulletin, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1939-1989.

Educational and cultural exchange program: July 1 1960-June 30, 1961: Annual report to Congress, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1962.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1952-1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1988.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), Western Europe Security, vol.5 (in two parts), Department of State, Office of the Historians, Bureau of Public Affairs, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1983.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1955-1957, Foreign Economic Policy; Foreign Information Program, vol. 9, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1987.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1955-1957, Eastern Europe Region, vol. 25, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1987.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1958-1960, Eastern Europe Region, vol. 10, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1989.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1961-1963, West Europe and Canada, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1994.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1964-1968, Western Europe Region, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1995.

Foreign Relations Of The United States (FRUS), 1964-1968, Eastern Europe Region, vol. 17,Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1996.

Fundamentals of U.S. Foreign Policy, Washington, D.C., Bureau Of Public Affairs, USGPO, March 1988.

The world audience for America’s story, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1949.

Clinton Hillary, « Leading Through Civilian Power », The First Quadriennal Diplomacy and Development Review, Department of State, 2010.

Powers Shawn, Hensman Chris et Rahimi Jennifer, « 2017 Comprehensive Annual Report on Public Diplomacy and International Broadcasting », United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, US Department of State, 2017.

The United States Congress

House of Representatives (documents classés par ordre chronologique)

Committee On Government Operations, Establishing United States Information Agency, Reorganizations Plans nos 7 & 8 of 1953, Reports nos 168 & 1508, 83rd congress, 1st and 2nd sessions, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1953.

Committee On Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee On International Organizations And Movements, Winning the Cold War: The U.S. Ideological Offensive, March 28, 1963 to January 8, 1964, 88th congress, 1st session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1963-1967 (8 parts).

Ideological Operations and Foreign Policy (Report no 2 on Winning the Cold War: The U.S. Ideological Offensive), report no 1352, April 27,1964, 88th congress, 2nd session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1964.

The United States Ideological Effort: Government Agencies and Programs (prepared by Allen S. Nanes), 88th congress, 1st session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1964.

Committee On Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee On International Organizations And Movements, Modern Communications and Foreign Policy. (Report no 5 with part 10 of the hearings on Winning the Cold War: The U.S. Ideological Offensive), report no 362, 90th congress, 1st session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1967.

Recording of telephone conversations by Charles Z. Wick, director, USIA: staff report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1984.

Committee On Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee On International Operations, Kissinger Commission report recommendations for USIA programming and supplemental authorizations for migration and refugee assistance, Department of State, 98th Congress, 2nd session, February 27, 1984, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1984.

Committee On Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee On International Operations, United States Public Diplomacy in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, July 30, 1991, 102nd congress, 1st session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1991.

Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities Of The Committee On Armed Services, « Crafting An Information Warfare And Counter-Propaganda Strategy For The Emerging Security Environment, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities Of The Committee On Armed Services House Of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 15, 2017 », Washington, D.C., USGPO, 2017.

Senate (documents classés par ordre chronologique)

The United States Information Service in Europe, report no 855, 80th congress, 2nd session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1948.

Committee On Foreign Relations, Overseas Information Programs of the United States, (Interim Report), report no 30, 83rd congress, 1st session, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1953.

Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Annual Report to the Committee on Government Operations, 83rd congress, 2nd session, report no 881, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1954.

Committee On Foreign Affairs, United States exchange programs with the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Hungary, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1959.

Ad Hoc Subcommittee On A Foreign Service Information Officer Corps, USIA Foreign Service personnel system, vol. 4, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1967.

Committee On Foreign Relations, Perceptions: relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1979.

Committee On Foreign Relations, Certain USIA overseas activities: a staff report, United States Senate, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1983.

Committee On Foreign Relations, Nonconsensual recording of certain telephone conversations by USIA director Charles Z. Wick: a staff report, Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1984.

L’USIA

Rapports internes, Publications officielles (documents classés par ordre chronologique)

United States Information Agency, « Semi-annual reports to Congress », 32 vol., Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1954-1971.

United States Information Agency, « Facts about USIA », Washington, D.C., U.S. Information Agency, 1962.

United States Information Agency, « The Agency in brief », Washington, D.C., USGPO, 1971.

United States Information Agency, « Volunteers for international communication: report of USIA private sector committees », Washington, D.C., U.S. Information Agency, 1984.

United States Information Agency, « Office of Private Sector Committees, USIA private sector committee’s annual report », Washington, D.C., U.S. Information Agency, Office of Private Sector Committees, 1985-1989.

United States Information Agency, « USIA, its work and structure », Washington, D.C., U.S. Information Agency, 1987.

Commémorations (documents classés par ordre chronologique)

Tuch Hans et Schmidt Lewis G., « Ike and USIA: A Commemorative Symposium », Washington, D.C., The U.S. Information Agency Alumni Association, The Public Diplomacy Foundation, 1991.

Linclon Robert A., « The U. S. Wasts and All Edward R. Murrow as Director of USIA Presenting the U.S. To the World: a Commemorative Symposium », The U.S. Information Agency Alumni Association, The Public Diplomacy Foundation, 1992.

U.S. Information Agency, « A Commemoration: Telling America’s Story to the World, 1953-1999 », Washington, D.C., The U.S. Information Agency’s Office of Public Liaison, 1999.

U.S. Government, « 21st Century Complete Guide to the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) Archive, USIA 1953-1999, A Commemoration Clinton Administration Foreign Policy », Core Federal Information Series, CD-Rom ISBN 1-49248-575-8, janvier 2004.

Périodiques de l’USIA à destination du monde libre

« Problems of communism », Washington, D.C., USIA, 1952-1992.

« Dialogue », Washington, D.C., USIA, 1968-1989.

« Focus », Paris, ambassade des États-Unis, International Communication Agency, 1980-1989.

« Forum », Washington, D.C., USIA, 1983-2000.

Publications occasionnelles distribuées par l’USIS de l’ambassade des États-Unis à Paris

« À la recherche de la paix : les initiatives américaines, 1946-1982 », United States International Communication Agency, 1982.

« Propositions du Président Reagan pour la réduction des armements et le maintien de la paix : discours prononcé devant le National Press Club, le 18 novembre 1981, à Washington, DC », United States International Communication Agency, 1981.

Études financées par l’USIA et ouvrages de commande

Elder Robert E., The Foreign Leader Program: Operations in the United States. A study made at the request of the Department of State, The Brookings Institution, Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1974.

Henderson Gregory, Public diplomacy and political change: four case studies: Okinawa, Peru, Czechoslovakia, Guinea, New York, Praeger, 1973.

Rutgers University Department of Sociology (prepared for the Office of Research and Intelligence, United States Information Agency), « When Soviets and Satellites quote the Voice of America », New Brunswick/New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, 1954.

Rutgers University Department of Sociology (prepared for the Office of Research and Intelligence, United States Information Agency),« The vigilance drive and the cold war; a case study in the technique of propaganda », New Brunswick/New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, 1954.

Staar Richard F., Public diplomacy: USA versus USSR, Stanford, Calif., Hoover Institution Press/Stanford University, 1986.

Welsh William A., Survey research and public attitudes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, New York/Oxford/Paris, Pergamon Press, 1981.

La CIA

Archives CD-roms, internet

CIA, « Declassified documents », CD-rom, Archives nationales II, College Park, MD.

CIA, Documents « déclassifiés » (disponibles sur le site internet officiel des archives de la CIA : [htpp://www.foia.cia.gov], en erreur 2020, NDÉ).

Documents publiés

Koch Scott A., Selected Estimates on the Soviet Union 1950-1959. CIA Cold War Records, History of Staff, Washington, D.C., Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1993.

Warner Michael, The CIA under Harry Truman. CIA Cold War Records, History of Staff, Washington, D.C., Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994.

Mémoires et témoignages

Les dirigeants américains

Dulles Allen, The Craft of Intelligence, New York, Harper and Row, 1963.

Eisenhower Dwight D., L’information et la Paix, Paris, Lang, 1954.

Eisenhower Dwight D., The White House years. 1, Mandate for change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York, Doubleday, 1963-1965.

Eisenhower Dwight D., The White House Years. 2, Waging Peace, Garden City, New York, Doubleday and Co, 1965.

Gates Robert M., From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War, 2e ed., New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Kennedy John Fitzgerald, Profiles in courage, New York, Harper, 1956.

Kennedy John Fitzgerald, Stratégie de la paix, Paris, Calman-Levy, 1961.

Reagan Ronald, Ronald Reagan Diaries, New York, Harper & Collins Publishers, 2007.

Reagan Ronald, Écrits personnels : les textes manuscrits de Ronald Reagan qui révèlent sa vision révolutionnaire pour l’Amérique et pour le monde/Ronald Reagan, Monaco, Éditions du Rocher, 2003.

Schlesinger Arthur M., A thousand days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1965.

Schlesinger Arthur M., Les 1 000 jours de Kennedy, Paris, Denoël, 1966.

Témoignages, mémoires d’agents et de directeurs de l’USIA et de la CIA

Témoignages oraux, d’agents de l’USIA en Europe (sélection)

Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, The Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Information Series, CD-rom, ADST, 1998.

Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, The Foreign Affairs History Collection, Arlington, VA, ADST, 2001.

Abbey Denise, interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, May 16, 1988.

Alexander Edward, interviewed by Hans Tuch, July 26, 1988.

Bardos Arthur, interviewed by Hans Tuch, January 25, 1990.

Catherman Terence, interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, January 25, 1991.

Gert Gerard M., interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, December 30, 1988.

Groce Claude « Cliff », interviewed by Jack O’Brien, February 8, 1988.

Marcy Mildred, interviewed by Dorothy Robins-Mowry, February 15, 1991.

Morad James L., interviewed by Allen C. Hansen, June 9, 1994.

Nieburg Patrick E., interviewed by Allen C. Hansen, February 4, 1988.

Olm Louis T., interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, July 12, 1989.

Rosinus Gunther K., interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, March 28, 1989.

Shirley John W., interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, November 21, 1989.

Sorensen Thomas C., interviewed by Larry Hall, July 25, 1990.

Stieglitz Perry J., interviewed by G. Lewis Schmidt, May 18, 1992.

Thurber James P. Jr, interviewed by Emily Thurber, December 1990.

Tuch Hans N. et Schmidt G. Lewis, « Ike and USIA, A Symposium », October 11, 1990.

Témoignages d’agents publiés

Arndt Richard T., First Resort of Kings, American Cultural Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century, Washington, D.C., Potomac Books, 2005.

Dizard Wilson P., The Strategy of Truth: the Story of the U.S Information Service, Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1961.

Dizard Wilson P., Gorbachev’s information revolution: controlling glasnost in a new electronic era, Washington, D.C., Boulder/Colorado, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Westview, 1987.

Dizard Wilson P., Digital diplomacy: US foreign policy in the information age, Westport, Conn., Praeger, 2001.

Dizard Wilson P., Inventing Public Diplomacy, The Story of the U.S. Information Agency, Boulder/Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004.

Elder Robert E., The Information Machine. The United States Information Agency and American Foreign Policy, Syracuse, New York, Syracuse University Press, 1968.

Gifford Malone, Political Advocacy and Cultural Diplomacy: Organizing the Nation’s Public Diplomacy, Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 1988.

Green Fitzhugh, American Propaganda, Abroad, New York, Hippocrene Books, 1988.

Hansen Allen C., USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, New York, Praeger, 1984.

Henderson John William, The United States Information Agency, New York/Washington.Londres, Praeger/Library of U.S Government Departments and Agencies, 1969.

Meyer Cord, Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA, New York, Harper and Row, 1980.

Puddington Arch., Broadcasting Freedom: the Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, Lexington, Ky., University Press of Kentucky, 2000.

Rowan Carl T., Breaking Barriers A Memoir, Boston, Little Brown and Co., 1991.

Richmond Yale, U.S-Soviet Cultural Exchanges 1958-1986: Who Win?, 2e éd., rev. et augm., Boulder/Colorado, Westview Press, 1987.

Richmond Yale, From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans, Yarmouth, Intercultural Press, 1995.

Richmond Yale, Cultural Exchange and the Cold War, Raising the Iron Curtain, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

Richmond Yale, Practising Public Diplomacy A Cold War Odyssey, New York/Oxford, Berghahn Books, 2008.

Snyder Alvin A., Warriors of Disinformation: American Propaganda, Soviet Lies, and the Winning of the Cold War: an Insider’s Account, New York, Arcade Pub., 1995.

Tuch Hans N., Communicating with the World: U.S Public Diplomacy Overseas, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1990.

Sources secondaires

Livres

Aaron Leslie, An End to Innocence: Essays on Culture and Politics, New York, Stein and Day, 1972.

Agee Philip, Journal d’un agent secret, Paris, Le Seuil, 1976.

Agee Philip et Wolf Louis, Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe, New York, Dorset Press, 1978 et 1981.

Aguilar Manuela, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign Policy: German-American Relations, 1955-1968, New York, Peter Lang, 1996.

Alexander Edward, The Serpent and the Bees: A KGB Chronicle, Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 1990.

Alexander Laurien, The Voice of America. From Détente to the Reagan Doctrine, Norwood, Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1998.

Allin Dana H., Cold War Illusions: America, Europe and Soviet Power, 1969-1989, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1995.

Ambrose Stephen et Brinkley Douglas, Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy since 1938, 8e éd., New York, Penguin, 1997.

Anderson Martin, Revolution, New York, Hartcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.

Andrew F. et Osgood K. (dir.), Selling war in a media age: the presidency and public opinion in the American century, Gainsville, University Press of Florida, 2010.

Anheier Helmut, Marlies Glasius et Mary Kaldor, (dir.), Global civil society, Londres, Sage, 2004.

Anholt Simon, Places, Identity, Image and Reputation, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Appy Christian G., Cold War Constructions: the Political Culture of United States Imperialism,1945-1966, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 2000.

Arndt Richard T., The First Resort of King—American Cultural Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century, Washington, D.C., Potomac Books, avril 2005.

Artaud Denise, La fin de l’innocence. Les États-Unis de Truman à Reagan, Paris, Armand Colin, 1985.

Bain Leslie B., The Reluctant Satellites: An Eyewitness Report on East Europe and the Hungarian Revolution, New York, Macmillan, 1960.

Barrett Edward W., Truth Is Our Weapon, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1953.

Barston Ronald Peter, Modern Diplomacy, 3rd ed., Harlow/Londres/New York, Pearson Longman, 2006.

Bell Daniel, La Fin de l’idéologie, Paris, PUF, 1997.

Berghahm Volker Rolf, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe: Shepard Stone between Philanthropy, Academy and Diplomacy, Princeton, Princeton University press, 2001.

Bernays Edward L., Crystallysing Public Opinion, New York, Liveright Publishing, 1923.

Bernays Edward L., Propaganda, New York, Liveright Publishing, 1928.

Bernhard Nancy E., US television news and Cold War propaganda, 1947-1960, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Bernstein Serge et Milza Pierre (dir.), Histoire de l’Europe, vol. 5, chirures et reconstruction de l’Europe, 1919 à nos jours, 5 vol., Paris, Hatier, 1992.

Bittman Ladislav, The New Image-Makers: Soviet Propaganda and Disinformation Today, Washington, D.C., Pergamon-Brassey’s, 1988.

Bogart Leo, Premises for Propaganda the United States Information Agency’s Operating Assumptions in the Cold War, New York, Free Press, 1976.

Bogart Agnes et Bogart Leo, Cool Words, Cold War: A New Look at U.S.I.A’s Premises for Propaganda, Washington, D.C., American University Press, 1995.

Boorstin Daniel, The image: or what happened to the American Dream, Londres, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1961.

Bosch Adriana, Reagan An American Story, New York, TV Books, 1998.

Bowie Robert R. et Immerman Richard H., Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.

Brands H. W., Cold Warriors: Eisenhower’s generation and American foreign policy, New York, Columbia University Press.

Brands H. W., The Devil We Knew: America and the Cold War, New York/Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993.

Bresler Robert J., Us vs. Them: American Political and Cultural Conflict from WWII to Watergate, Wilmington, SR Brooks, 2000.

Briant Anna Louise, Propaganda and Counter-terrorism, Strategies for Global Change, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2015.

Brooks Rosa, How Evrything Became War end the War Became Everything, Tales from the Pentagon, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2016.

Brooks Stephen G. et William C. Wohlforth, World Out of Balance: International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Brown Michael, Lynn-Jones Seam et Miller Steven (dir.), Debating the Democratic Peace, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996.

Brzezinski Zbigniew Kazimierz, Game Plan: A Geostrategic Framework for the Conduct of the U.S.-Soviet Contest, Boston, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1986.

Brzezinski Zbigniew Kazimierz, Second chance: three presidents and the crisis of American superpower, New York, Basic Books, 2007.

Brzezinski Zbigniew Kazimierz et Scowcroft Brent, America and the world: conversations on the future of American foreign policy, New York, Basic Books, 2008.

Brzezinski Zbigniew, Strategic vision: America and the crisis of global power, New York, Basic Books, 2012.

Cannon Lou, President Reagan The Role Of A Lifetime, New York, Public Affairs, 2000.

Cathala Henri-Pierre, Le Temps de la désinformation, Paris, Stock, 1986.

Creel George, How We Advertised America, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1920.

Cline Ray Steiner, World power trends and US foreign policy for the 1980’s, Washington, D.C., Boulder/Colorado, Center For Strategic and International Studies, Westview, 1980.

Cline Ray, Secrets, Spies and Scholars, Washington, D.C., Acropolis Books Ltd, 1976.

Charillon Frédéric et Belin Célia (dir.), Les États-Unis et le monde, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2016.

Chollet Dereck, The Long Game, New York, Public Affairs, 2016.

Chomsky Noam, The Cold War and the University: toward an intellectual history of the postwar years, New York, New Press, 1997.

Coleman Peter, The Liberal Conspiracy: the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Struggle for the Minds of Postwar Europe, New York, Free Press, 1989.

Cohen Warren I. (dir.), The Cambridge History of Foreign Relations, vol. 4, America in the age of soviet power, 1945-1991, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Paperbacks, 1995 (1993).

Coombs Philip H., The Fourth Dimension of Foreign Policy (Educational and Cultural Affairs), Published for the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, Harper and Row, 1964.

Corson William, The Armies of Ignorance: The Rise of the American Intelligence Empire, New York, Dial Press, 1997.

Cowan Geoffrey et Cull Nicholas J., « Public Diplomacy in A Changing World », vol. 616, Annals of the American Academy of Social Sciences, Philadelphia, The American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2008.

Critchlow James, Radio Hole-in-the-Head/Radio Liberty, New York, Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.

Crowley P. J., Red Line, New York, Rowman and Littlefield, 2017.

Cull N., Culbert D. et Welch D. (dir.), Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500-present, Santa Barbara, ABC-Clio, 2003.

Cull Nicholas J., The Cold War and the United States Information Agency, American Propaganda and public diplomacy, 1945-1989, Cambridge/New York, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Dallek Robert, The American Style of Foreign Policy: Cultural Politics and Foreign Affairs, New York, New American Library-Mentor, 1984 (1983).

Dallek Robert, Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1999 (1984).

David Charles-Philippe, Balthazar Louis et Vaïsse Justin, La Politique étrangère des États-Unis. Fondements, acteurs, formulation, Paris, Presses de la FNSP, 2003.

Deaver Michael K., A Different Drummer My thirty Years With Ronald Reagan, New York, Harper Collins Publishers, 2001.

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