1 Māori ou maaori ne s’accorde pas. Le macron « ā » indique que la voyelle est plus longue.
2 McIntyre, W. David, « Imperialism and Nationalism » in Rice, Geoffrey (dir.), The Oxford History of New Zealand, Auckland, Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 337.
3 David-Ives, Corinne, « The Waitangi Tribunal and Reconstruction of the Narrative of National Identity in New Zealand » in coll., New Zealand and Australia. Narrative, History Representation, Birbeck, Kakapo Books/Centre for New Zealand Studies, 2008, p. 9-21.
4 McIntyre, W. David, « Imperialism and Nationalism », art. cit., p. 343-343.
5 Gardner, W. J., « A Colonial Economy » in Rice, Geoffrey (dir.), The Oxford History of New Zealand, op. cit., p. 60.
6 « European New Zealanders of the late nineteenth century were, with a few ethnic exceptions, proud to call themselves British. For the colonists this was not only a cultural definition but also a racial one. They knew that […] Julius Vogel, and other ‘systematic’ colonizers has advocated careful selection of immigrants, and they therefore assumed that most colonists were the pick of the British stock, […] better than the worst, and certainly clean of the convictism that tainted neighbouring Australians »; Gibbons, P. J., « The Climate of Opinion » in Rice, Geoffrey (dir.), The Oxford History of New Zealand…, op. cit., p. 309.
7 McGibbon, Ian, « The Shaping of New Zealand’s War Effort August-October 1914 » in Crawford, John et McGibbon, Ian (dir.), New Zealand’s Great War. New Zealand, the Allies and the First World War, Auckland, Exisle Publishing, 2007, p. 59.
8 Pugsley, Christopher, Barber, Laurie, Mikaere, Buddy, Prickett, Nigel et Young, Rose, Scars on the Heart. Two Centuries of New Zealand at War, Auckland, David Bateman, 1996, p. 70.
9 Pugsley, Christopher, The ANZAC Experience. New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War, Auckland, Reed, 2004, p. 308.
10 Voir McIntyre, W. David, « Imperialism and Nationalism », art. cit., p. 344-345.
11 Pugsley, Christopher, The ANZAC Experience…, op. cit., p. 19.
12 Ibid., p. 308-309.
13 « [Anzac] represents everything that Australians believe about themselves and their country. It is the spirit of aggressive self-confidence that New Zealanders have never had. Australians go forth expecting to win in whatever they do. New Zealanders also want to win, especially against Australia. », ibid., p. 20.
14 « Today it is convenient to blame inept British generalship for the Gallipoli disaster. This is too easy. Hamilton’s plan succeeded as he got his Army safely ashore, but once on the beach at Anzac Cove it was our inexperience and hasty changes of plan by the first Australian commanders to land that almost led to defeat and disaster that day »; Pugsley, Christopher, Barber, Laurie, Mikaere, Buddy, Prickett, Nigel et Young, Rose, Scars on the Heart…, op. cit., p. 79.
15 Débarquée en Égypte, la Mounted Rifles Brigade fut ensuite incorporée à la 3e Australian Light-Horse Brigade pour former la division montée des ANZACs ou Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division qui participa ensuite à la campagne de Palestine.
16 Pugsley, Christopher, Barber, Laurie, Mikaere, Buddy, Prickett, Nigel et Young, Rose, Scars on the Heart…, op. cit., p. 126.
17 Andrews, Eric, The Anzac Illusion. Anglo-Australian Relations during World War I, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 60.
18 Simkins, Peter, «Co-Stars or Supporting Cast? British Divisions in the “Hundred Days”, 1918» in Griffith, Paddy (dir.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War, Londres, Frank Cass, 2005, p. 50-69.
19 Pugsley, Christopher, On the Fringe of Hell. New Zealanders and Military Discipline in the First World War, Auckland, Hodder & Stoughton, 1991, p. 224.
20 Te Hokowhitu a tu : les 140 guerriers du dieu de la guerre Atu, en une référence aux 140 hommes que contient une pirogue de guerre, le wakataua.
21 « No division can truly be called a New Zealand Division unless it numbers Māoris among its ranks – We, therefore, ask you, as the old chiefs of our people would ask you, to give us an opportunity for active service with our white kinsmen from New Zealand » ; Pugsley, Christopher, Te Hokowhitu a tu. The Māori Pioneer Battalion in the First World War, Auckland, rééd., 1995, p. 34-35.
22 Ibid., p. 45.
23 Ibid., p. 61.
24 «I do not think I will ever forget that service, a cloudless sky and an aeroplane scrap overhead, the shallow grave, the body sewn in a blanket and covered with the New Zealand flag, the surplice Padre, the short impressive burial service and finishing up with the beautiful Maori lament for a fallen chief […] sung by the Maoris present, […] it seemed to me the most feeling tribute they could offer.»; Cowan, James, The Māoris in the Great War. A History of the New Zealand Native Contingent and Pioneer Battalion, Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs, 1926, p. 126.
25 Ibid., p. 54.
26 Dans le cadre d’une sorte d’« union sacrée » néo-zélandaise, Joseph Ward, chef du Parti libéral, accepta une cohabitation avec Massey et le Parti réformateur qui débuta le 12 août 1915 et s’acheva le 23 août 1919.
27 Tolerton, Jane, Ettie: A Life of Ettie Rout, Auckland, Penguin, 1992, p. 170.
28 « Y Go Crook ? » voulait dire « pourquoi s’en faire? » ; voir McKinlay, Ernest, Ways and By-ways of a Singing Kiwi, Dunedin, David Lister, 1939, p. 9.
29 Ibid., p. 83 et 90-91.
30 « The success of this disciplined squad […], captained by a veteran of the South African War, seemed to suggest that a new virile breed of men was developing in a pioneer land »; McIntyre, W. David, « Imperialism and Nationalism », art. cit., p. 343.
31 Pugsley, Christopher, The ANZAC Experience…, op. cit., p. 33.
32 Pugsley, Christopher, Te Hokowhitu a tu…, op. cit., p. 71.
33 « A strong sense of individual initiative, an unassuming ability to get on with different nationalities, a willingness to conform, and an almost dour determination to win. We fought in the same way we played rugby, by ensuring the percentages were in our favour with trained soldiers, and careful planning and preparation. »; Pugsley, Christopher, Barber, Laurie, Mikaere, Buddy, Prickett, Nigel et Young, Rose, Scars on the Heart…, op. cit., p. 127.
34 Watson, James, « Patriotism, Profits and Problems: New Zealand Farming during the Great War » in Crawford, John et McGibbon, Ian (dir.), New Zealand’s Great War…, op. cit., p. 539.
35 « New Zealanders had nothing to gain from the fight at Gallipoli. It was someone else’s war. Turkey was not our enemy » ; Silvia Cartwright, gouverneur-général de Nouvelle-Zélande (2001-2006), discours prononcé lors des cérémonies de l’Anzac Day 2003 à Chunuk Bair.
36 Voir les chapitres de Gary Sheffield et Ian McGibbon in Crawford, John et McGibbon, Ian (dir.), New Zealand’s Great War…, op. cit.
37 « It is our New Zealand soil we are defending, and the enemy is at the gates of one New Zealand avenue which stretches to the other side of the seas. How can the entry of America into the battle make any difference to our duty? » ; McIntyre, W. David et Gardner, W. J., Speeches and Documents on New Zealand History, Londres, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 274.
38 Interviewé par Chris Pugsley (Production George Andrews).
39 « Chunuk Bair was New Zealand’s battle. In it, the New Zealanders showed all the spirit and tenacity learned in their own country. […] Gallipoli was no victory, nothing to celebrate. It stands out in our past as a brutal and desolate moment of violence and suffering. And yet, it is part of us. Part of all of us. Part of our nation » ; Silvia Cartwright, Gouverneur-général de Nouvelle-Zélande (2001-2006), discours prononcé lors des cérémonies de l’Anzac Day 2003 à Chunuk Bair.