Index

académie, 88, 118, 120, 244, 245

agent, 13, 38, 39, 63, 70, 72, 81, 82, 84, 91, 101, 130, 146, 151, 173, 222, 226, 227, 247, 248

algorithme, 16, 30, 140, 204

anthropologie, 24, 39, 86, 184, 192, 193, 207, 209, 233

Archimède, 88, 98, 117, 203

Aristote, 43, 120, 168, 169, 172, 193, 203, 206

artefact, 24, 25, 57, 58, 94, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 217, 235, 236

astronomie, 15, 16, 118, 126, 169

Bachelard, Gaston, 86, 87, 121, 122, 123

Bacon, Francis, 88, 173, 209

base de données, 16, 17, 27, 28, 30, 46, 127, 128, 213

big science, 177

biologie, 35, 37, 39, 43, 44, 82, 87, 120, 121, 128, 154, 172, 175, 176, 201

biopolitique, biopouvoir, 90, 230

boîte noire, 25, 57, 66, 140, 166

Bourdieu, Pierre, 38, 39, 40, 70, 71, 76, 77, 97, 98, 181, 215, 218

Boyle, Robert, 173

brevet, 22, 23, 29, 30, 31, 32, 84, 101, 107, 125, 130, 132, 139, 140, 141, 225, 246

Bush, Vannevar, 71, 74, 89, 178, 179, 190, 191, 229

Canguilhem, Georges, 121, 123, 174, 175, 176, 230

capital, capitalisme, 38, 39, 40, 60, 67, 70, 79, 80, 84, 85, 97, 103, 109, 110, 142, 179, 190, 241, 246

Carnap, Rudolf, 145, 173, 240

chimie, 53, 63, 89, 105, 114, 117, 137, 154, 181, 189, 201, 238, 244

Chine, 117, 137, 138, 191, 245

collaboration, 14, 27, 38, 108, 113, 129, 130, 131, 134, 138, 140, 217, 241, 242

collège invisible, 17, 214

Collins, Harry, 54, 55, 56, 57, 214

commercial, commercialisation, 11, 13, 14, 30, 31, 48, 71, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 125, 130, 131, 139, 141, 142, 158, 179, 222, 241, 245, 246

comparaison, 19, 31, 95, 187, 221

Comte, Auguste, 120, 172, 192, 194, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212

Condillac (Étienne Bonneau de), 172

conflit, 39, 57, 74, 92, 152, 175

consommateur, 59, 75, 92, 100, 101, 102, 177, 181, 226, 228

consommation, 24, 101, 147, 207, 220, 226, 239

coopération, 13, 14, 15, 130, 137, 147, 163, 164, 185, 223

corroboration, 145, 149, 192, 205

création, créativité, 11, 18, 20, 24, 25, 59, 60, 69, 70, 74, 88, 125, 130, 141, 142, 155, 156, 190, 195, 199, 223, 236, 241, 246

Darwin, Charles, 13, 64, 150, 189

découverte, 16, 35, 36, 37, 41, 76, 84, 88, 130, 139, 143, 144, 147, 149, 150, 156, 170, 178, 187, 192, 205, 209, 210, 232, 243

déduction, déductif, 34, 145, 151, 153, 203, 205, 238

démocratie, 93, 155, 211

Descartes, René, 88, 120, 172, 204, 209

description dense, 95

diffusion, 21, 27, 28, 48, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 101, 102, 142, 146, 147, 157, 181, 192, 224, 226, 227, 244, 245

dispositif, 24, 25, 44, 72, 73, 94, 128, 129, 146, 156, 165, 166, 167, 183, 184, 185, 197, 198, 199, 211, 230, 232, 247, 248

Durkheim, Émile, 172, 195, 206, 212, 218

échelle, 79, 80, 90, 102, 116, 164, 166, 185, 198, 220, 222, 223

Einstein, Albert, 92, 132

empirisme, 121, 170

empirisme logique, 87, 144, 151, 173, 192

entrepreneur, 139, 140, 142, 163, 229, 245, 246

entreprise, 13, 14, 30, 31, 51, 64, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 101, 102, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 125, 132, 136, 137, 141, 142, 178, 179, 189, 190, 198, 202, 215, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230, 241, 242, 243, 246

État, 11, 14, 44, 45, 88, 89, 90, 97, 110, 139, 175, 177, 178, 179, 184, 187, 216, 217, 221, 224, 234, 245

États-Unis, 64, 68, 81, 89, 97, 99, 107, 115, 122, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 156, 175, 184, 189, 190, 191, 229, 245

ethnographie, 61, 95, 96, 128, 214, 235, 247

ethos, 159, 213

eugénisme, 187

expert, expertise, 17, 33, 45, 63, 87, 88, 100, 108, 161, 163, 178, 182, 194, 195, 199, 207, 211

Fleck, Ludwig, 121, 123, 213

Foucault, Michel, 61, 76, 77, 91, 166, 167, 218, 230

frontière technologique, 47, 48

Galilée, 118, 143, 169, 172, 193, 204

Garfield, Eugene, 26, 41, 42, 43, 104, 213

généralisation, 36, 37, 152, 203, 238

géographie, 15, 21, 33, 118, 146, 164, 201, 233

gestion, gestionnaire, 13, 33, 42, 51, 59, 67, 68, 90, 92, 93, 114, 115, 116, 127, 164, 175, 202, 222

gouvernement, 13, 14, 21, 50, 89, 90, 92, 99, 100, 110, 112, 115, 124, 133, 137, 175, 177, 178, 190, 207, 215, 220, 225, 230, 245, 246

guerre, 41, 70, 76, 81, 88, 89, 90, 99, 117, 118, 121, 122, 136, 175, 177, 178, 189, 208

habitus, 39

Hacking, Ian, 45, 46, 61, 62, 123, 169, 171, 174, 218

Hempel, Carl, 145, 152, 153, 173, 174, 205, 238, 240, 241

Hessen, Boris, 212

hétérogène, 77, 87, 126, 140, 147, 152, 153, 163, 166, 235

hiérarchie, 34, 38, 43, 108, 213, 215, 235, 236

homogène, 37, 63, 153, 190

Hooke, Robert, 120

hypothèse, 20, 63, 67, 83, 108, 134, 192, 193, 203, 204, 205, 217, 242

idéologie, 64, 65, 98, 173, 192, 212, 246

induction, inductif, 34, 36, 95, 120, 203, 204

industrie, industriel, 14, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 51, 55, 72, 73, 77, 80, 88, 89, 92, 99, 100, 101, 112, 113, 121, 125, 131, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 155, 156, 158, 178, 179, 182, 184, 189, 190, 191, 201, 207, 209, 221, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 245, 246

informatique, 15, 30, 41, 55, 127, 147, 164, 187, 223

ingénieur, ingénierie, 28, 58, 59, 91, 112, 115, 116, 117, 119, 135, 137, 139, 140, 161, 196, 208, 229

innovation, 13, 21, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 40, 48, 49, 50, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 84, 89, 92, 93, 100, 101, 102, 109, 112, 115, 116, 117, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 142, 150, 164, 177, 178, 179, 189, 200, 201, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 234, 242, 243, 245

interaction, 17, 23, 46, 51, 77, 101, 115, 125, 142, 146, 147, 156, 166, 183, 184, 185, 198, 199, 204, 229, 240, 247, 248

interactionniste, 39, 163

intérêt, 22, 38, 39, 52, 53, 60, 64, 68, 76, 91, 92, 93, 113, 127, 151, 157, 171, 182, 197, 207, 219, 220, 235, 236

international, 13, 27, 31, 44, 48, 83, 84, 90, 102, 107, 116, 128, 133, 136, 137, 138, 155, 158, 218, 225, 242, 245

Internet, 17, 27, 28, 52, 64, 96, 127, 130, 146, 147, 166, 197, 199, 223

jeu, 16, 30, 39, 63, 70, 82, 131, 227, 236

Kuhn, Thomas, 54, 61, 62, 86, 87, 122, 123, 152, 168, 169, 170, 171, 187, 188, 193, 194, 206, 214

laboratoire, 14, 75, 89, 112, 113, 114, 128, 130, 136, 137, 139, 140, 176, 178, 185, 189, 190, 214, 215, 223, 224, 225, 232, 241, 244

langage, 60, 97, 146, 168, 180, 181, 235

Latour, Bruno, 40, 61, 62, 63, 95, 96, 123, 140, 167, 214, 215, 218, 234, 236, 237

Lavoisier, Antoine, 189

légal, légalité, 30, 91, 99, 141

Leibniz, Gottfried, 144, 172, 205

libéral, libéralisme, 90, 208

linéaire, modèle ou approche linéaire, 47, 48, 71, 89, 146, 178

Linné, Carl von, 43, 161, 189

Locke, John, 173

logiciel, 16, 25, 26, 33, 74, 131, 140, 165, 223

machine, 24, 30, 67, 88, 127, 147, 154, 155, 166, 230, 231, 248

MacLuhan, Marshall, 157

Manuel d’Oslo, 142, 143, 224

Manuel de Frascati, 190, 191, 224

marxisme, 24, 53, 212

mathématique, 20, 30, 117, 118, 143, 144, 153, 154, 169, 172, 180, 193, 203, 204, 216

Maxwell, James, 169

médecine, 17, 19, 42, 119, 175, 176, 181, 196, 221, 244

médias sociaux, 17, 198, 249

médicament, 99

Merton, Robert K., 39, 42, 43, 97, 159, 170, 213

métaphysique, 43, 144, 145, 169, 172

militaire, 88, 89, 90, 117, 118, 119, 177

modèle, 18, 19, 22, 33, 38, 39, 47, 48, 50, 51, 57, 60, 68, 71, 73, 76, 79, 80, 83, 84, 89, 97, 99, 136, 142, 145, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 163, 164, 169, 170, 175, 178, 180, 181, 185, 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, 217, 218, 222, 226, 227, 229, 233, 237, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247

mondialisation, 70, 90, 136

morale, 44, 57, 64, 110, 169, 187, 207, 209, 235

national, 15, 22, 27, 28, 31, 47, 76, 80, 85, 89, 101, 102, 110, 115, 119, 133, 137, 142, 175, 190, 217, 218, 222, 224, 225, 233, 234

Newton, Isaac, 117, 120, 143, 144, 169, 170, 172, 173, 187, 193, 205, 212

normatif, 42, 44, 55, 92, 133, 193, 203, 213, 233

norme, 39, 55, 57, 58, 64, 70, 72, 91, 100, 158, 159, 162, 196, 201, 205, 213, 219

Occam, Guillaume d’, 46

OCDE, 13, 47, 80, 109, 137, 142, 190, 191, 201, 224, 225

organisation, 13, 14, 15, 33, 45, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 82, 115, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 142, 146, 158, 164, 172, 179, 187, 189, 198, 200, 201, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 225, 230, 239, 241, 243, 247, 248

Parsons, Talcott, 213

participation, 15, 16, 17, 33, 34, 73, 88, 100, 107, 127, 156

pharmaceutique, 92, 99, 107

Polanyi, Karl, 53, 54, 56

Popper, Karl, 86, 174, 192, 205

Porter, Roy, 181, 182

Porter, Theodore, 158, 160, 162, 188, 208, 218, 221, 223

positivisme, 144, 152, 192, 209, 210

preuve, 29, 99, 141, 196, 221, 229

probabilité, 46, 105, 201, 204, 218, 226, 228

programme fort, 61, 193, 214

progrès, 37, 47, 50, 51, 66, 79, 83, 84, 98, 100, 120, 122, 155, 157, 168, 171, 201, 207, 209, 244

psychologie, 33, 54, 209

psychologique, 37, 192, 210, 240

Ptolémée, 169

public, espace et débat publics, 13, 14, 15, 22, 29, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 63, 64, 65, 79, 82, 84, 89, 90, 92, 101, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 124, 125, 130, 131, 137, 139, 146, 157, 175, 177, 178, 189, 190, 191, 194, 198, 207, 208, 211, 220, 221, 224, 225, 229, 232, 245, 248

Quételet, Adolphe, 188

rapports sociaux, 60, 67, 68, 117, 158, 166, 215

recherche appliquée, 125, 178

recherche fondamentale, 50, 89, 109, 178, 229, 245, 246

réduction, 16, 125, 150, 175, 202, 227, 240

régional, 13, 22, 27, 79, 84, 101, 102, 142, 222, 225

religion, 64, 182, 215

Renaissance, 88, 139

réseau, 23, 31, 72, 93, 94, 95, 108, 114, 125, 126, 127, 128, 146, 153, 158, 163, 164, 166, 167, 198, 199, 214, 226, 228, 232, 234, 235, 236, 239, 240, 247, 249

révolution industrielle, 99, 121, 139, 155, 229

révolution scientifique, 54, 122, 123, 168, 169, 170, 193, 203, 214

revue, 27, 28, 41, 42, 64, 76, 104, 105, 116, 120, 122, 134, 138, 213, 226

robot, 55, 91

Royal Society, 97, 120, 173, 189

Schumpeter, Joseph, 81, 85, 111, 115, 140, 141, 142, 143

scientométrie, 27, 104, 213

Simondon, Gilbert, 165, 166, 168

singularité, 87, 92, 95

Sokal, Alan, 214

Sorokin, Pitirim, 188, 212

spécialiste, spécialisation, 52, 65, 83, 84, 90, 95, 108, 133, 134, 139, 207

stratégie, 14, 15, 24, 31, 32, 38, 39, 48, 49, 62, 67, 82, 89, 94, 95, 115, 131, 132, 136, 147, 181, 220, 227, 241, 242

système, 19, 20, 22, 30, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 67, 68, 70, 71, 76, 77, 82, 98, 99, 100, 110, 115, 123, 126, 127, 128, 133, 139, 141, 142, 166, 169, 185, 187, 190, 209, 210, 212, 213, 215, 222, 223, 224, 225, 230, 238, 239

technologie de l’information, 67, 91, 130, 137, 147, 224, 230, 246

technoscience, 51, 89, 94, 122, 123, 156

vérité, 39, 40, 53, 61, 144, 170, 171, 192, 195, 205, 235

Weber, Max, 172, 213