1 Books by William Dean Howells

1.1 Poetry

Poems of Two Friends (1860)

No Love Lost : A Romance of Travel (1869)

Poems (1873)

Stops of Various Quills (1895)

“Pebbles”, “Monochromes,” and Other Modern Poems, 1891-1916. Ed. Edwin H. Cady. Athens : Ohio University Press, 2000.

1.2 Biography

Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin (1860)

Sketch of the Life and Character of Rutherford B. Hayes (1876)

1.3 Plays

The Complete Plays of W.D. Howells. Ed. Walter J. Meserve. New York : New York University Press, 1960.

Staging Howells : Plays and Correspondence with Lawrence Barrett. Eds. George Arms, Mary Beth Whidden, and Gary Scharnhorst. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

For a complete list, see : www.ohioana-authors.org/howells/works.php

1.4 Travel

Venetian Life (1866)

Italian Journeys (1867)

Three Villages (1884)

Tuscan Cities (1886)

Souvenir of Niagara Falls (1893)

London Films (1905)

Roman Holidays, and Others (1908)

Seven English Cities (1909)

Familiar Spanish Travels (1913)

Hither and Thither in Germany (1920)

1.5 Short Fiction

Suburban Sketches (1871)

A Day’s Pleasure, and Other Sketches (1881)

Christmas Every Day and Other Stories Told for Children (1893)

A Parting and a Meeting (1896)

Doorstep Acquaintance, and Other Sketches (1900)

A Pair of Patient Lovers (1901)

The Flight of Pony Barker (1902)

Questionable Shapes (1903)

Between the Dark and the Daylight (1907)

Buying a Horse (1916)

The Daughter of the Storage (1916)

Selected Short Stories of William Dean Howells. Ed. Ruth Bardon. Athens : Ohio University Press, 1997.

1.6 Autobiography and reminiscence

A Boy’s Town (1890)

My Year in a Log Cabin. A Memoir (1893)

A Little Swiss Sojourn (1893)

Impressions and Experiences (1896)

Years of My Youth (1916)

Eighty Years and After (1921)

1.7 Criticism

Modern Italian Poets (1887)

Criticism and Fiction (1891)

“Are We a Plutocracy ?” The North American Review 158 (February 1894) : 185-196.

My Literary Passions (1895)

“Equality as the Basis of Good Society” The Century 29 (November 1895) : 63-67.

Literary Friends and Acquaintance : A Personal Retrospect of American Authorship (1900)

Heroines of Fiction (1901)

Literature and Life : Studies (1902)

Imaginary Interviews (1910)

My Mark Twain : Reminiscences and Criticisms (1910)

Prefaces to Contemporaries (1882-1920) by W. D. Howells. Eds. George Arms, William M. Gibson, and Frederic C. Marston, Jr. Gainesville : Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1957.

Discovery of a Genius : William Dean Howells and Henry James. Ed. Albert Mordell. New York : Twayne, 1961.

W.D. Howells as Critic. Ed. Edwin H. Cady. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.

Editor’s Study. By William Dean Howells. Ed. James W. Simpson. Troy : Whitston Publishers & Co., 1983.

A Realist in the American Theatre : Selected Drama Criticism of William Dean Howells. Ed. Brenda Murphy. Athens : Ohio University Press, 1992.

Selected Literary Criticism. 3 vols. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1993.

1.8 Correspondence

Life in Letters of William Dean Howells. 2 vols. Ed. Mildred Howells. Garden City : Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1928.

Selected Letters of W.D. Howells. Ed. George Arms, Christoph K. Lohmann et al. 6 vols. Boston : Twayne Publishers, 1979-83.

Mark Twain-Howells Letters : The Correspondence of Samuel L. Clemens and William Dean Howells 1872-1910. Ed. Henry Nash Smith and William M. Gibson. 2 Vols. Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1960.

John Hay-Howells Letters : The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905. By John Hay. Boston : Twayne Publishers, 1980.

1.9 Novels

Their Wedding Journey (1872)

A Chance Acquaintance (1873)

A Foregone Conclusion (1875)

The Lady of the Aroostook (1879)

The Undiscovered Country (1880)

A Fearful Responsibility (1881)

Dr. Breen’s Practice (1881)

A Modern Instance (1882)

A Woman’s Reason (1883)

The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)

Indian Summer (1886)

The Minister’s Charge (1886)

April Hopes (1888)

Annie Kilburn (1889)

A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890)

The Shadow of a Dream (1890)

An Imperative Duty (1891)

The Quality of Mercy (1892)

The World of Chance (1893)

The Coast of Bohemia (1893)

A Traveler from Altruria (1894)

The Day of Their Wedding (1896)

The Landlord at Lion’s Head (1897)

An Open-Eyed Conspiracy : An Idyl of Saratoga (1897)

The Story of a Play (1898)

Ragged Lady (1899)

Their Silver Wedding Journey (1899)

The Kentons (1902)

Letters Home (1903)

The Son of Royal Langbrith (1904)

Miss Bellard’s Inspiration (1905)

Through the Eye of the Needle (1907)

The Whole Family : a Novel by Twelve Authors (1908)

Fennel and Rue (1908)

New Leaf Mills : A Chronicle (1913)

The Leatherwood God (1916)

The Vacation of the Kelwyns : An Idyl of the Middle Eighteen-Seventies (1920)

Mrs. Farrell (1921)

1.10 Collections

Works. Six volumes. J. R. Osgood, 1871-74.

The Writings of William Dean Howells. Six volumes. Harper, 1913.

Selected Writings. Ed. H. S. Commager. Random House, 1950.

A Selected Edition of W. D. Howells. Seventeen volumes. Indiana University Press, 1968-78.

The Early Prose Writings of William Dean Howells, 1852-1861. Ed. Thomas Wortham. Ohio University Press, 1990.

1.11 French translations

La Passagère de l’Aroostook. Transl. Marie Dronsart. Paris : Hachette, 1884.

La Fortune de Silas Lapham. Transl. Mariech. Paris : Hachette, 1890.

Volonté de femme. Transl. A. Chevalier. Paris : Imprimerie de Montsouris, 1934.

Une rencontre. Roman de deux touristes sur le Saint-Laurent et le Saguenay. Transl. Louis Fréchette. Montréal : Société des publications françaises, 1893.

Été indien. Transl. Patrice Repusseau. Paris : Mercure de France, 1996.

Une écrasante responsabilité. Transl. Pascale Voilley. Paris : Michel Houdiard, 2005.

1.12 Interviews

Arms, George W. Five Interviews with William Dean Howells. Unpublished, 1943.

Crane, Stephen. “Howells Fears the Realists Must Wait.” 1894. Prose and Poetry. New York : The Library of America, 1996. 615-618.

McWilliams, Jim. “An 1890 Interview with W.D. Howells.” ANQ : A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 9.1 (1996) : 21-24.

Teorey, Matthew. “‘I write Very Deliberately Indeed’ : Four Uncollected Interviews with W.D. Howells.” American Literary Realism 37.2 (Winter 2005) : 159-179.

2 Works on William Dean Howells

2.1 Bibliographies

Blanck, Jacob. “William Dean Howells.” Bibliography of American Literature. New Haven : Yale University Press, 1963. 384-88.

Brenni, Vito, J. William Dean Howells : A Bibliography. Metuchen, N.J. : Scare-crow, 1973.

Eichelberger, Clayton. Published Comment on William Dean Howells through 1920 : A Research Bibliography. Boston : Hall, 1976.

Gibson, William M., and George W. Arms. A Bibliography of William Dean Howells, 1948. New York, New York Public Library, 1971.

2.2 Online resources

William Dean Howells Society Site

www.wsu.edu/-campbelld/howells/index.html

www.wsu.edu/-campbelld/amlit/howbib.htm

Paul Reuben’s William Dean Howells Page

www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap5/howells.html

The Works of William Dean Howells

www.ohioana-authors.org/howells/works.php

2.3 Biographies

Lynn, Kenneth S. William Dean Howells. An American Life. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971.

Goodman, Susan, and Carl Dawson. William Dean Howells : A Writer’s Life. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2005.

2.4 Book-length studies on William Dean Howells

Abeln, Paul. William Dean Howells and the Ends of Realism. London : Routledge, 2004.

Alexander, William R.H. William Dean Howells : The Realist as Humanist. New York : B. Franklin, 1981.

Arms, George W. The Social Criticism of W. D. Howells. Unpublished PhD. New York : New York University, 1939.

Baker, William D. William Dean Howells : The Influence of Ohio on His Life and Works. Columbus : State Library of Ohio, 1979.

Bardon, Ruth, Ed. Selected Short Stories of William Dean Howells. Athens : Ohio University Press, 1997.

Bennett, George N. William Dean Howells : The Development of a Novelist. Norman, Oklahoma : University of Oklahoma Press, 1959.

Bennett, George N. The Realism of William Dean Howells, 1889-1920. Nashville : Vanderbilt University Press, 1973.

Brooks, Van Wyck. Howells : His Life and World. New York : Dutton, 1959.

Cady, Edwin H. William Dean Howells and the Ashtabula Sentinel. Columbus : 1944.

Cady, Edwin H. The Road to Realism : The Early Years, 1837-1885, of William Dean Howells. Syracuse : Syracuse University Press, 1956.

Cady, Edwin H. The Realist as War : The Mature Years, 1885-1920, of William Dean Howells. Syracuse : Syracuse University Press, 1958.

Cady, Edwin H. The Light of Common Day : Realism in American Fiction. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1971.

Cady, Edwin H., and David Frazier. The War of the Critics over William Dean Howells. Evanston : Row, Peterson, 1962.

Cady, Edwin H., and Norma W. Cady, eds. Critical Essays on W.D. Howells, 1886-1920. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1983.

Cady, Edwin H., and Louis J. Budd, eds. On Howells. Duke University Press : Durham, 1993.

Carrington, George C. The Immense Complex Drama : The World and Art of the Howells Novel. Columbus : Ohio State University Press, 1966.

Carrington, George C., and Ildikó De Papp Carrington. Plots and Characters in the Fiction of William Dean Howells. Hamden : Archon Books, 1976.

Carter, Everett. Howells and the Age of Realism. Philadelphia : Lippincott, 1954.

Cook, Don Lewis. William Dean Howells : the Kittery years. Kittery Point : William Dean Howells Memorial Committee, 1991.

Cooke, Delmar G. William Dean Howells : A Critical Study. New York : E.P. Dutton & Company, 1922.

Crowley, John W. The Black Heart’s Truth : The Early Career of W.D. Howells. Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Crowley, John W. The Mask of Fiction : Essays on William Dean Howells. Amherst : The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989.

Crowley, John W. The Late Career of William Dean Howells : The Dean of American Letters. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1999.

Dean, James L. Howells’s Travels Toward Art. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico, 1970.

Eble, Kenneth. Howells : A Century of Criticism. Dallas : Southern Methodist University Press, 1962.

Eble, Kenneth. William Dean Howells. Boston : Twayne Publishers, 1982.

Eschholz, Paul, ed. Critics of William Dean Howells : Readings in Literary Criticism. Coral Gables : University of Miami Press, 1975.

Firkins, Oscar W. William Dean Howells : A Study. Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1924.

Fryckstedt, Olov W. In Quest of America : A Study in Howells’ Early Development as a Novelist. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. 1958.

Garlin, Sender. Howells and Haymarket. New York : AIMS Occasional Papers, 1979.

Gibson, William M. William Dean Howells. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1967.

Handa, Sangeeta. Realism in American Fiction : Contribution of William Dean Howells. Jaipur : Rawat Publications, 2001.

Hough, Robert L. The Quiet Rebel : William Dean Howells as Social Commentator. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 1959.

Kirk, Clara Marburg. William Dean Howells and Art in his Time. New Brunswick, N. J. : Rutgers University Press, 1962.

Kirk, Clara M.W.D. Howells, Traveler from Altruria, 1889-1894. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, 1962.

Kirk, Clara M., and Rudolf Kirk. William Dean Howells. New York : Twayne Publishers, 1962.

McMurray, William. The Literary Realism of William Dean Howells. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 1967.

Mielke, Robert. The Riddle of the Painful Earth : Suffering and Society in W.D. Howells’ Major Writings of the Early 1890s. Kirksville : Thomas Jefferson University Press, 1994.

Nettels, Elsa. Language, Race, and Social Class in Howells’s America. Lexington : The University Press of Kentucky, 1988.

Nettels, Elsa. Language and Gender in American Fiction : Howells, James, Wharton, and Cather. Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 1997.

Pease, Donald E. New Essays on The Rise of Silas Lapham. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Prioleau, Elizabeth Stevens. The Circle of Eros : Sexuality in the Work of William Dean Howells. Durham : Duke University Press, 1983.

Rivière, Jean. William Dean Howells, pionnier et coordinateur du mouvement réaliste américain (1837-1920). Thèse pour le Doctorat ès-Lettres. Paris : Université de la Sorbonne, 1969.

Sokoloff, Benjamin A. Printing and Journalism in the Novels of William Dean Howells. Madison.

Stratman, Gregory J. Speaking for Howells : Charting the Dean’s Career through the Language of His Characters. Lanham : University Press of America, 2001.

Tanguy, Guillaume. Économie et écriture dans l’œuvre de William Dean Howells : De l’administration des passions et des activités humaines à la bonne gestion du récit. Thèse pour le Doctorat. Paris : Université Paris VII, 2004.

Updike, John. Howells as Anti-Novelist. Kittery Point : The William Dean Howells Memorial Committee, 1987.

Vanderbilt, Kermit. The Achievement of William Dean Howells : A Reinterpretation. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1969.

Wagenknecht, Edward. William Dean Howells : The Friendly Eye. New York : Oxford University Press, 1969.

Walts, Robert W. William Dean Howells’ The Rise of Silas Lapham : A Study Guide. Bound Brook : Shelley Publ. Co., 1963.

Woodress, James L. Howells and Italy. Durham : Duke University Press, 1952.

2.5 Studies including chapters or sections on William Dean Howells

Alkana, Joseph. The Social Self : Hawthorne, Howells, William James, and Nineteenth-Century Psychology. Lexington : University Press of Kentucky, 1997.

Anderson, David D. Ohio in Fact and Fiction : Further Essays on the Ohio Experience. East Lansing : Midwestern, for Center for the Study of Midwestern Literature and Culture, Michigan State University, 2006.

Anesko, Michael. Letters, Fictions, Lives : Henry James and William Dean Howells. New York : Oxford University Press, 1997.

Ashton, Susanna. Collaborators in Literary America, 1870-1920. New York : Palgrave, 2003.

Barnstone, Aliki, Michael Tomasek Manson, and Carol J. Singley, eds. The Calvinist Roots of the Modern Era. Hanover : University Press of New England, 1997.

Barrish, Phillip. American Literary Realism : Critical Theory and Intellectual Prestige. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Bassett, John Earl. “A heart of Ideality in My Realism” and Other Essays on Howells and Twain. West Cornwall : Locust Hill Press, 1991.

Bell, Michael Davitt. The Problem of American Realism : Studies in the Cultural History of a Literary Idea. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Belluscio, Steven J. To Be Suddenly White : Literary Realism and Racial Passing. Columbia : University of Missouri Press, 2006.

Bender, Bert. The Descent of Love : Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection in American Fiction, 1871-1926. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

Berthoff, Warner. The Ferment of Realism : American Literature, 1884-1919, 1965. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Boeckmann, Cathy. A Question of Character : Scientific Racism and the Genres of American Fiction, 1892-1912. Tuscaloosa : The University of Alabama Press, 2000.

Borus, Daniel H. Writing Realism : Howells, James and Norris in the Mass Market. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Brodhead, Richard H. The School of Hawthorne. New York : Oxford University Press, 1986.

Bruccoli, Matthew J., ed. The Chief Glory of Every People : Essays on Classic American Writers. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 1973.

Cady, Edwin H. Young Howells and John Brown : Episodes in a Radical Education. Columbus : Ohio State University Press, 1985.

Cawelti, John G. Apostles of the Self-Made Man. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Chase, Richard. The American Novel and Its Tradition, Garden City : Doubleday & Co., 1957.

Corkin, Stanley. Realism and the Birth of the Modern United States. Athens : University of Georgia Press, 1996.

Crane, Gregg. The Cambridge Introduction to the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Crowley, John W. The White Logic : Alcoholism and Gender in American Modernist Fiction. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.

Csicsila, Joseph, and Tom Quirk. Canons by Consensus : Critical Trends and American Literature Anthologies. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2004.

Cuddy, Lois A., and Claire M. Roche, eds. Evolution and Eugenics in American Literature and Culture, 1880-1940. Essays on Ideological Conflict and Complexity. Lewisburg : Bucknell University Press, 2003.

Davidson, Rob. The Master and the Dean : The Literary Criticism of Henry James and William Dean Howells. Columbia : University of Missouri Press, 2005.

Debouzy, Marianne. La Genèse de l’esprit de révolte dans le roman américain (1875-1915). Paris : Minard, 1968.

Devlin, Athena. Between Profits and Primitivism : Shaping White Middle-Class Masculinity in the United States, 1880-1917. Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory. New York : Routledge, 2005.

Dietrichson, Jan W. The Image of Money in the American Novel of the Gilded Age. New York : Humanities Press, 1969.

Dupeyron, Françoise. La Scène italienne : roman et théâtralité chez G. Eliot, G. Gissing, W. D. Howells et H. James. Thèse de doctorat nouveau régime. Paris : Université Paris III, 1994.

Eakin, Paul John. The New England Girl : Cultural Ideas in Hawthorne, Stowe, Howells and James. Athens : The University of Georgia Press, 1976.

Eble, Kenneth E. Old Clemens and W.D. Howells : The Story of a Remarkable Friendship. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University, 1985.

Ekstrom, William F. The Social Idealism of William Morris and of William Dean Howells : A Study in Four Utopian Novels. Urbana, 1947.

Falk, Robert. The Victorian Mode in American Fiction : 1865-1885. Lansing : Michigan State University Press, 1965.

Gardner, Joseph. Dickens in America : Twain, Howells, James, and Norris. New York : Garland Publ., 1988.

Gibson, William M. Mark Twain and Howells : Anti-Imperialists. Unpublished. 1948.

Gibson, William M. Theodore Roosevelt among the Humorists : W.D. Howells, Mark Twain, and Mr. Dooley. Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press, 1980.

Goldman-Price, Irene, and Melissa MCFarland Pennell, eds. American Literary Mentors. Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 1999.

Goodman, Susan. Civil Wars : American Novelists and Manners, 1880-1940. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Griffin, Susan M. Anti-Catholicism and Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Habegger, Alfred. Gender, Fantasy and Realism in American Literature. New York : Columbia University Press, 1982.

Higginson, Thomas W. Short Stories of American Authors. New York : C.T. Dillingham, 1888.

Horwitz, Howard. By the Law of Nature : Form and Value in Nineteenth Century America. New York : Oxford University Press, 1991.

Ickstadt, Heinz. Faces of Fiction : Essays on American Literature and Culture from the Jacksonian Period to Postmodernity. Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag, 2001.

Kaplan, Amy. The Social Construction of American Realism. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Kazin, Alfred. On Native Grounds : An Interpretation of Modern American Prose Literature. New York : Reynal and Hitchcock, 1942.

Kilcup, Karen, ed. Soft Canons : American Women Writers and Masculine Tradition. Iowa City : University of Iowa Press, 1999.

Kolb, Harold H. The Illusion of Life : Realism as a Literary Form. Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia, 1969.

Love, Glen A. Practical Ecocriticism : Literature, Biology, and the Environment. Under the Sign of Nature. Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 2003.

Ludwig, Sämi. Pragmatist Realism : The Cognitive Paradigm in American Literary Texts, Madison : The University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.

Martin, Ronald E. American Literature and the Destruction of Knowledge : Innovative Writing in the Age of Epistemology. Durham : Duke University Press, 1991.

Michaels, Walter Benn. The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1987.

Morgan, H. Wayne. American Writers in Rebellion, from Mark Twain to Dreiser. New York : Hill and Wang, 1965.

Okker, Patricia. Social Stories : The Magazine Novel in Nineteenth-Century America. Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 2003.

Olsen, Rodney. Dancing in Chains : The Youth of William Dean Howells. New York : New York University Press, 1991.

Orvell, Miles. The Real Thing : Imitation and Authenticity in American Culture, 1880-1940. Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Peck, Harry T. The Personal Equation. Freeport : Books for Libraries Press, 1972.

Petrie, Paul. Conscience and Purpose : Fiction and Social Consciousness in Howells, Jewett, Chesnutt, and Cather. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2005.

Peyzer, Thomas. Utopia and Cosmopolis : Globalization in the Era of American Literary Realism. Durham : Duke University Press, 1998.

Pizer, Donald. Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.

Pizer, Donald, ed. The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism : Howells to London. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Quirk, Tom, and Gary Scharnhorst, eds. American Realism and the Canon. Newark : University of Delaware Press, 1994.

Robertson, Michael. Stephen Crane, Journalism and the Making of Modern American Literature. New York : Columbia University Press, 1997.

Rosenthal, Debra J. Race Mixture in Nineteenth-Century U.S. & Spanish American Fictions : Gender, Culture and Nation Building. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Schneider, Robert W. Five Novelists of the Progressive Era. New York : Columbia University Press, 1965.

Smith, Henry Nash. Democracy and the Novel : Popular Resistance to Classic American Writers. New York : Oxford University Press, 1978.

Spiller, Robert E. Mirror of American Life : Essays and Reviews on American Literature. Ed. Yukio Irie. Tokyo : Eichosha, 1971.

Spindler, Michael. American Literature and Social Change : William Dean Howells to Arthur Miller. Bloomington : Indiana University Pres, 1983.

Stein, Allen F. After the Vows Were Spoken : Marriage in American Literary Realism. Columbus : Ohio University Press, 1984.

Sundquist, Eric J. American Realism : New Essays. Baltimore : The John Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Tanner, Tony. The American Mystery : American Literature from Emerson to DeLillo. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Taylor, Gordon O. The Passages of Thought : Psychological Representation in the American Novel 1870-1900. New York : Oxford University Press, 1969.

Taylor, Walter Fuller. The Economic Novel in America. Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 1942.

Thomas, Brook. American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1997.

Thompson, Graham. Male Sexuality under Surveillance : The Office in American Literature. Iowa City : University of Iowa Press, 2003.

Trachtenberg, Alan. The Incorporation of America : Society and Culture in the Gilded Age, 1982. New York : Hill and Wang, 1992.

Travis, Jennifer. Wounded Hearts : Masculinity, Law, and Literature in American Culture. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Trilling, Lionel. The Liberal Imagination. Garden City : Doubleday & Co., 1953.

Trilling, Lionel. The Opposing Self. New York : Viking, 1965.

Tuttleton, James W. The Novel of Manners in America. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1972.

Underwood, John C. Literature and Insurgency ; Ten Studies in Racial Evolution : Mark Twain, Henry James, William Dean Howells, Frank Norris, David Graham Phillips, Stewart Edward White, Winston Churchill, Edith Wharton, Gertrude Atherton, and Robert W. Chambers. New York : Biblo and Tannen, 1974.

Vernon, John. Money and Fiction : Literary Realism in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1984.

Warren, Kenneth W. Black and White Strangers : Race and American Literary Realism. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Wasserstrom, William. Heiress of All the Ages : Sex and Sentiment in the Genteel Tradition. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1959.

Williams, Daniel G. Ethnicity and Cultural Authority : From Arnold to DuBois. Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

Witschi, Nicolas. Traces of Gold : California’s Natural Resources and the Claim to Realism in Western American Literature. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2001.

Wonham, Henry B. Playing the Races : Ethnic Caricature and American Literary Realism. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004.

Zheng, Da. Moral Economy and American Realistic Novels. New York : Peter Lang, 1996.

Ziff, Larzer. The American 1890s : Life and Time of a Lost Generation. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 1966.

2.6 Collections of articles on William Dean Howells

Modern Fiction Studies 16 (Autumn 1970).

American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006).

2.7 Articles and essays on William Dean Howells

Aaron, Daniel. “Three Old Women.” Queen’s Quarterly 102.3 (1995) : 633-39.

Ackerman, Alan. “The Right to Privacy : William Dean Howells and the Rise of Dramatic Realism.” American Literary Realism 30.1 (Fall 1997) : 1- 19.

Adams, Amanda. “The Uses of Distinction : Matthew Arnold and American Literary Realism.” American Literary Realism 37.1 (2004) : 37-49.

Adams, Jon-K. “Moral Opposition in Nietzsche and Howells.” Nietzsche in American Literature and Thought. Ed. Manfred Putz. Columbia : Camden House, 1995. 65-78.

Arac, Jonathan. “Babel and Vernacular in an Empire of Immigrants : Howells and the Languages of American Fiction.” Boundary 2 : An International Journal of Literature and Culture 34.2 (2007) : 1-20.

Arms, George. “Introduction.” A Hazard of New Fortunes. New York : E. P. Dutton and Company Inc., 1952. vii-xviii.

Ashton, Susanna. “Veribly a Purple Cow : The Whole Family and the Collaborative Search for Coherence.” Studies in the Novel 33.1 (2001) : 51-79.

Barton, John Cyril. “Howells’s Rhetoric of Realism : The Economy of pain (T) and Social Complicity in The Rise of Silas Lapham and The Minister’s Charge.” Studies in American Fiction 29.2 (2001) : 159-187.

Baum, Rosalie Murphy. “Editha’s War : ‘How Glorious’.” War and Words : Horror and Heroism in the Literature of Warfare. Eds. Sara Munson Deats, Lagretta Tallent Lenker, and Merry G. Perry. Lexington : Lanham, 2004. 145-63.

Baxter, Annette K. “Howells’ Boston and Wharton’s New York.” Midwest Quarterly 4 (Summer 1962) : 353-61.

Beck, Avent Childress. “Civil War Veterans in the Fiction of Samuel Clemens, William Dean Howells, Henry Adams, and Henry James.” Dissertation Abstracts International 64.5 (2003) : 1650.

Berces, Francis A. “Mimesis, Morality and The Rise of Silas Lapham.” American Quarterly 22.2 (Summer 1970) : 190-202.

Berkove, Lawrence I. “‘A Difficult Case’ : W.D. Howells’s Impression of Mark Twain.” Studies in Short Fiction 31.4 (1994) : 607-15.

Birnbaum, Michele A. “Racial Hysteria : Female Pathology and Race Politics in Frances Harper’s Iola Leroy and W.D. Howells’s An Imperative Duty.” African American Review 33.1 (1999) : 7-25.

Blackwood, John Thomas. “Reading the Event in American Literature : Hawthorne, Howells, DeLillo.” Dissertation Abstracts International 56.5 (1995) : 1763.

Borus, Daniel H. “The Strange Career of American Bohemia.” American Literary History 14.2 (2002) : 376-88.

Boudreau, Kristin. “Elegies for the Haymarket Anarchists,” American Literature 77 (June 2005) : 319-347.

Boyd, Anne E. “‘What ! Has she got into the ‘Atlantic’ ?’ : Women Writers, the Atlantic Monthly, and the Formation of the American Canon.” American Studies 39.3 (Fall 1998) 5-36.

Bramen, Carrie Tirado. “The Urban Picturesque and the Spectacle of Americanization.” American Quarterly 52 (September 2000) : 444-477.

Bramen, Carrie Tirado. “William Dean Howells and The Failure of The Urban Picturesque.” New England Quarterly 73.1 (March 2000) : 82- 99.

Bryan, James E. “The Chronology of Silas Lapham.” American Notes and Queries 4 (December 1965) : 56.

Budd, Louis J. “William Dean Howells’ Defense of Romance.” PMLA. 67 (March 1952) : 32-42.

Budd, Louis J. “W. D. Howells and Mark Twain Judge Each Other ‘Aright’.” 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 97-114.

Burns, Karin Garlepp. “The Paradox of Objectivity in the Realist Fiction of Edith Wharton and Kate Chopin.” Journal of Narrative Theory 29.1 (Winter 1999) : 27-61.

Cady, Edwin H. “The Neuroticism of William Dean Howells.” PMLA 61 (March 1946) : 229-238.

Campbell, Donna M. “Howells’ Untrustworthy Realist : Mary Wilkins Freeman.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 115-131.

Carter, Everett. “The Palpitating Divan.” English Journal 39 (1950) : 237-42.

Carter, Everett. “Realists and Jews.” Studies in American Fiction 22.1 (1994) : 81-91.

Chin, Jim Cheung. “Realism and the Hierarchy of Racial Inclusion : Representations of African Americans and Chinese Americans in Post-Civil War Literature and Culture.” Dissertation Abstracts International 66.12 (2006) : 4385-86.

Clark, Harry H. “The Role of Science in the Thought of W.D. Howells.” Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 42 (1953) : 263-303.

Claybaugh, Amanda. “The Autobiography of a Substitute : Trauma, History, Howells.” Yale Journal of Criticism : Interpretation in the Humanities 18.1 (2005) : 45-65.

Clymer, Jeffory A. “Race and the Protocol of American Citizenship in William Dean Howells’s An Imperative Duty.” American Literary Realism 30.3 (Spring 1998) : 31-52.

Crisler, Jesse S. “Howells and Norris : A Backward Glance Taken.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 52.2 (1997) : 232-51.

Crisler, Jesse. “Introduction.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 95-96.

Crowley, John W. “Giving a Character : Howellsian Realism in The Landlord at Lion’s Head.” Harvard Library Bulletin 5.1 (1994) : 53-66.

Crowley, John W. “Howells in the Eighties : A Review of Criticism, II.” ESQ 33.1 (1987) : 45-65.

Crowley, John W. “Howells in the Eighties : A Review of Criticism.” ESQ 32.4 (1986) : 253-77.

Crowley, John W. “Howells in the Heath.” New England Quarterly 72.1 (1999) : 89-101.

Crowley, John W. “The Portrait of a Lady and The Rise of Silas Lapham : The Company They Kept.” Ed. Donald Pizer. The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism : Howells to London. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995. 117-37.

Crowley, John W. “The Unsmiling Aspects of Life : A Hazard of New Fortunes.” Ed. James Barbour, and Tom Quirk. Biographies of Books : The Compositional Histories of Notable American Writings. Columbia : University of Missouri Press, 1996. 78-109.

Cutler, Edward S. “Literary Modernity and the Problem of a National Literature : Understanding William Dean Howells’ Critique of Walt Whitman.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 132-144.

Daugherty, Sarah B. “‘The Dream of Duty Tormenting Us All’ : The World of Chance and the Decline of Realism.” Harvard Library Bulletin 5.1 (1994) : 45-52.

Daugherty, Sarah B. “‘The Home-Towners’ : Howells the Critic Vs. Howells the Novelist.” American Literary Realism 34.1 (2001) : 66-72.

Daugherty, Sarah B. “A Hazard of New Fortunes : Howells and the Trial of Pragmatism.” American Literary Realism 36.2 (2004) : 166-179.

Daugherty, Sarah B. “An Imperative Duty : Howells and White Male Anxiety.” American Literary Realism 30.3 (Spring 1998) : 53-64.

Daugherty, Sarah B. “William Dean Howells and Mark Twain : The Realism War as a Campaign That Failed.” American Literary Realism 29.1 (1996) : 12-28.

Davidson, Robert G. “The Master and the Dean : The Literary Criticism and Aesthetics of Henry James and William Dean Howells, 1859- 1897.” Dissertation Abstracts International 64.7 (2004) : 2490.

Davis, Scott Christopher. “Telling Tales : Ideology and the American Observer, 1890-1896.” Diss. University of California Santa Barbara, 2001.

De Vos, Martine Louise. “The ‘Imperative Duty’ of the ‘Serious’ Artist : The Literary Politics of William Dean Howells and Ezra Pound.” Dissertation Abstracts International 56.5 (1995) : 1776.

Diller, Christopher. “‘Fiction in Color’ : Domesticity, Aestheticism, and the Visual Arts in the Criticism and Fiction of William Dean Howells.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 55.3 (2000) : 369-98.

Dimock, Wai-Chee. “The Economy of Pain : The Case of Howells.” Raritan : A Quarterly Review 9.4 (Spring 1990) : 99-119.

Dooley, Patrick K. “Ethical Exegesis in William Dean Howells.” Papers on Language and Literature 35.4 (Fall 1999) : 363-90.

Dooley, Patrick K. “William Dean Howells and Harold Frederic.” Howellsian 9.1 (2006) : 3-10.

Dreiser, Theodore. “How He Climbed Fame’s Ladder : William Dean Howells.” Success 1 (April 1898) : 5-16.

Duffy, John-Charles. “‘I Would Not Presume to Decide’ : Gender and Ambivalence in Howells’s Indian Summer.” American Literary Realism 30.1 (Fall 1997) : 20-33.

Edwards, Justin D. “‘It Is the Race Instinct’ ! : Evolution, Eugenics, and Racial Ambiguity in William Dean Howells’s Fiction.”

Elliott, Michael A. “Ethnography, Reform, and the Problem of the Real : James Mooney’s Ghost-Dance Religion.” American Quarterly 50 (June 1998) : 201-33.

Elliott, Rosslyn. “Other Worlds : Christianity, Conjure, and Dialogue in American Literary Realism.” Dissertation Abstracts International 67.3 (2006) : 934.

Engeman, Thomas S. “Religion and Politics the American way : The Exemplary William Dean Howells.” The Review of Politics 63.1 (Winter 2001) : 107-29.

Evans, Brad. “Howellsian Chic : The Local Color of Cosmopolitanism.” ELH 71.3 (2004) : 775-812.

Foote, Stephanie. “The Value of Regional Identity : Labor, Representation, and Authorship in Hamlin Garland.” Studies in American Fiction 27.2 (Autumn 1999) : 159-82).

Foster, Richard. “The Contemporaneity of Howells.” The New England Quarterly 32.1 (March 1959) : 54-78.

Fox, Arnold. “Howells’s Doctrine of Complicity.” Modern Language Quarterly 13 (March 1952) : 56-60.

Frazier, David L. “Howells’ Symbolic Houses : The Plutocrats and Palaces.” American Literary Realism 10.3 (Summer 1977) : 267-79.

Freeman, Elizabeth. “The Whole (Y) Family : Economies of Kinship in the Progressive Era.” American Literary History 16.4 (2004) : 619.

Freeman, Kimberly. “The ‘Enormous Fact’ of American Life : Divorce in W. D. Howells’ A Modern Instance.” American Literary Realism 36.1 (2003) : 65-85.

Gair, Christopher. “The Continuing Problem of American Realism.” OVER-here 16.2 (Winter 1996) : 126-139.

Girgus, Sam B. “Howells and Marcuse : A Forecast of the One-Dimensional Age.” American Quarterly 25.1 (March 1973) : 108-118.

Gray, Melinda Gilbert. “Imagining Language and Belonging : Wales, England, and America, 1850-1910.” Dissertation Abstracts International 10 (April 1999) : 3810.

Habegger, Alfred. “Nineteenth-Century American Humor : Easygoing Males, Anxious Ladies, and Penelope Lapham.” PMLA 91 (October 1976) : 884-97.

Habegger, Alfred. “From Painful Cult to Painful Realism : Annie Ogle’s ALost Love and W.D. Howells’s Ben Halleck and Penelope Lapham.” American Realism and the Canon. Eds. Tom Quirk and Gary Scharnhorst. Newark : University of Delaware Press, 1994. 170-89.

Harmon, Charles. “A Hazard of New Fortunes and the Reproduction of Liberalism.” Studies in American Fiction 25.2 (Autumn 1997) : 183-195.

Hedges, Warren. “Howells’s ‘Wretched Fetishes’ : Character, Realism, and Other Modern Instances.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 38.1 (Spring 1996) : 26-50.

Henwood, Dawn. “Complications of Heroinism : Gender, Power, and the Romance of Self-Sacrifice in The Rise of Silas Lapham.” American Literary Realism 30.3 (Spring 1998) : 14-30.

Howard, June. “Foreword.” The Whole Family : A Novel by Twelve Authors. Durham, NC : Duke University Press, 2001.

Howard, June. “Publishing the Family.” New Americanists Series. Durham, NC : Duke University Press, 2001.

Howe, Patricia. “William Dean Howells’s Indian Summer and Theodor Fontane’s Effi Briest : Forms and Phases of the Realist Novel.” Modern Language Review 102.1 (2007) : 125-38.

Howells, Polly H. “Mildred Howells as the Father’s Daughter : Living within His Lines.” Harvard Library Bulletin 5.1 (1994) : 9-28.

Ickstadt, Heinz. “The Creation of Normalcy.” Revue Française d’Études Américaines 85 (juin 2000) : 6-22.

Inagaki, Shin’ichi. “Scientific Thought and Magic : Comparative Studies of the House of the Seven Gables and the Undiscovered Country.” Journal of the American Literature Society of Japan 3 (2004) : 1-18.

Jacobsen, Marcia. “Howells’ Literary Friends and Acquaintances : An Autobiography through Others.” American Literary Realism 27.1 (1994) : 59-73.

Jarrett, Gene. “‘Entirely Black Verse from Him Would Succeed’ : Minstrel Realism and William Dean Howells.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 59.4 (2004) : 494-525.

Jenkins, R. B. “Howells’ The Rise of Silas Lapham.” Explicator 36 (Spring 1978) : 37-40.

Kaplan, Amy. “Manifest Domesticity.” American Literature 70.3 (September 1998) : 581-606.

Karpinski, Joanne B. “When the Marriage of True Minds Admits Impediments : Charlotte Perkins Gilman and William Dean Howells.” Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Her Contemporaries : Literary and Intellectual Contexts. Studies in American Literary Realism and Naturalism. Eds. Cynthia J. Davis and Denise D. Knight. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2004. 17-31.

Klinkowitz, Jerome. “Ethic and Aesthetic : The Basil and Isabel March Stories of William Dean Howells.” Modern Fiction Studies 16 (Autumn 1970) : 303-22.

Knadler, Stephen P. “Strangely Re-Abolitionized : William Dean Howells and Racial Repersuasion.” Arizona Quarterly 53 (Spring 1997).

Knoper, Randall. “American Literary Realism and Nervous ‘Reflexion’.” American Literature 74.4 (2002) : 715-45.

Lapp, Peter Charles. “Texts, Traits and Character in Cooper and Howells : A Cognitive and Historical Approach.” Dissertation Abstracts International 56.4 (1995) : 1356.

Le Reste, Anne-Claire. “‘The Reader Who Likes a Complete Image’ vs. ‘The Arbiter of Destinies’ : Henry James’s The Bostonians, William Dean Howells, and Realism.” Comparative Critical Studies 4.1 (2007) : 87- 104.

Li, Hsin-Ying. “For Love or Money : Courtship and Class Conflict in Howells’ The Rise of Silas Lapham.” Studies in American Fiction 24.1 (1996) : 101- 21.

Li, Hsin-Ying. “Seeking the Center : The Provincials in the Novels of W. D. Howells, Theodore Dreiser, and Edith Wharton.” Dissertation Abstracts International, 58.7 (1998) : 2654-55.

Love, Glen A. “Slouching Towards Altruria : Evolution, Ecology, and William Dean Howells.” Harvard Library Bulletin 5.1 (1994) : 29-44.

Ludwig, Sämi. “The Realist Trickster as Legba : Howells’s Capitalist Critique.” Mosaic : A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 34.1 (2001) : 173-84.

Malone, Clifton James. “The Hitherto Uncollected Critical Opinions of William Dean Howells, or, a Study of the Critical Dicta of Howells Appearing in the ‘Editor’s Study’ and ‘Editor’s Easy Chair’ of the ‘Harper’s Monthly Magazine’.” Dissertation Abstracts International 64.11 (2004) : 4051.

Marovitz, Sanford E. “Melville among the Realists : W. D. Howells and the Writing of Billy Budd.” American Literary Realism 34.1 (2001) : 29-46.

Marovitz, Sanford. “W. D. Howells : Realism, Morality, and Nostalgia.” Transatlantic Cultural Contexts : Essays in Honor of Eberhard Brüning. Ed. Hartmut Keil. Stauffenberg : Verlag, 2005. 9-20.

Marston, Jane. “The Law of Nature and the Design of History : The Landlord at Lion’s Head.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 42.2 (September 1987) : 171-187.

Mcbride, Christopher. “Howells’s A Hazard of New Fortunes.” Explicator 53.1 (1994) : 37-38.

Mcelrath Jr., Joseph R. “W.D. Howells and Race : Charles W. Chesnutt’s Disappointment of the Dean.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 51.4 (March 1997) : 474-500.

McGuire, Ian Read. “A Song for Occupations : Economic History and Literary and Intellectual Change in America, 1830-1910.” 57.10 (1997) : 4370.

McMurray, Price. “‘Take the Thing at Its Worst ! ’ : Realism and the Construction of Masculinity in Howells’s The Shadow of a Dream.” Conference of College Teachers of English Studies 68 (2003) : 21-30.

McMurray, William J. “The Concept of Complicity in Howells’s Fiction.” New England Quarterly 35 (December 1962) : 489-495.

McNamara, Kevin R. “Silas Lapham in Olomouc.” College Literature 23.2 (1996) : 157-69.

Messina, Lynn Marie. “Freedom or Anarchy : The Capital-Labor Struggle in William Dean Howells’s A Hazard of New Fortunes.” CEA Critic 58.1 (Fall 1995).

Millgate, Michael. “The Emotional Commitment of William Dean Howells.” Neophilologus 44 (January 1960) : 48-54.

Murphy, John J. “William to Willa, Courtesy of Sarah : Cather, Jewett, and Howellsian Principles.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 145-159.

Murphy, Joseph Claude. “Exposing the Modern : World’s Fairs and American Literary Culture, 1853-1907.” Dissertation Abstracts International 58.7 (1998) : 2657-58.

Murphy, Rosalie, and Seymour Gross. “Commonplace Reality and the Romantic Phantoms : Howells’s AModern Instance and The Rise of Silas Lapham.” Studies in American Fiction 4.1 (Spring 1976) : 1-15.

Nerad, Julie Cary. “Slippery Language and False Dilemmas : The Passing Novels of Child, Howells, and Harper.” American Literature 75.4 (2003) : 813-41.

Nettels, Elsa. “‘Inherited Puritanism’ : The Legacy of Calvinism in the Fiction of William Dean Howells.” The Calvinist Roots of the Modern Era. Eds. Aliki Barnstone, Michael Tomasek Manson, and Carol J. Singley. Hanover : University Press of New England, 1997. 36-52.

Nettels, Elsa. “Howells and Wharton.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (Winter 2006) : 160-173.

Newlin, Keith. “‘I Am as Ever Your Disciple’ : The Friendship of Hamlin Garland and W.D. Howells.” Papers on Language and Literature : A Journal for Scholars and Critics of Language and Literature 42.3 (2006) : 264-90.

Palmer, Stephanie C. “Realist Magic in the Fiction of William Dean Howells.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 57.2 (2002) : 210-236.

Parker, Barbara L. “Howells’s Oresteia : The Union of Theme and Structure in The Shadow of a Dream.” American Literature 49.1 (March 1977) : 57-69.

Parrish, Timothy L. “Haymarket and Hazard : The Lonely Politics of William Dean Howells.” Journal of American Culture 17.4 (1994) : 23-32.

Parrish, Timothy L. “Howells Untethered : The Dean and ‘Diversity.’” Studies in American Fiction 23.1 (Spring 1995) : 101-17.

Perez Bernardo, María Luisa. “Pardo Bazán Y Dean Howells : Dos Escritores Realistas Ante Un Mismo Tema Literario.” La Cultura Hispánica En Sus Cruces Trans-Atlánticos. Colección Cultura Iberoamericana 22. Eds. R. de la Fuente Ballesteros and J. Pérez-Magallón. Valladolid : Universitas Castellae (2006) : 233-39.

Persyn, Catherine. “The Individual and the City in W. D. Howells’s The Rise of Silas Lapham.” EREA (Hiver 2003) : xi-xx.

Petrie, Paul. “‘Conscience and Purpose’ : The Legacy of Howellsian Social Commitment in American Fiction.” Dissertation Abstracts International 58.4 (1997) : 1283.

Petrie, Paul. “‘To Make Them Acquainted with One Another’ : Jewett, Howells, and the Dual Aesthetic of Deephaven.” Jewett and Her Contemporaries : Reshaping the Canon. Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 1999. 99-122.

Pizer, Donald. “The Evolutionary Foundation of W.D. Howells’s Criticism and Fiction.” Philological Quarterly 40 (1961) : 97-8.

Prescott, Jeryl Jenifer. “Imperfect Gentlemen and Non-True Women : Racism, Classism, and Nineteenth-Century Gender Ideals in Novels by Henry James, William Dean Howells, and Charles Chesnutt.” Dissertation Abstracts International 57.3 (1996) : 1141.

Prettyman, Gib. “The Next Best Thing : Business and Commercial Inspiration in A Hazard of New Fortunes.” American Literary Realism 35.2 (Winter 2003) : 95-119.

Prettyman, Gib. “The Serial Illustrations of A Hazard of New Fortunes.” Resources in American Literary Studies 27.2 (Fall 2001) : 179-195.

Pryor, John Clark. “A Violation of Sanctities : The Interrogation of the Popular Press in the Novels of Howells, James, Wharton, and Dreiser.” Dissertation Abstracts International 55.3 (1994) : 568A.

Puskar, Jason. “William Dean Howells and the Insurance of the Real.” American Literary History 18.1 (2006) : 29-58.

Rachman, Stephen. “Reading Cities : Devotional Seeing in the Nineteenth Century” American Literary History 9.4 (1997) : 653-75.

Renfroe, Alicia Mischa. “Life, Leases on the Future : Legal Discourse in Selected Works of Louisa May Alcott, William Dean Howells, Henry James and Edith Wharton.” Dissertation Abstracts International 63.12 (2003) : 4316.

Rennick, Andrew. “‘A Good War Story’ : The Civil War, Substitution, and the Labor Crisis in Howells’ A Hazard of New Fortunes.” American Literary Realism 35.3 (2003) : 95-119.

Richardson, Kelly. “‘To Surprise Immortality’ : Spiritualism and Shakerism in William Dean Howells’s the Undiscovered Country.” Representations of Death in Nineteenth-Century Us Writing and Culture. Warwick Studies in the Humanities. Ed. Lucy Frank. Ashgate : Aldershot, 2007. 217-30.

Rohrbach, Augusta. “‘You’re a natural-born literary man’ : Becoming William Dean Howells, Culture Maker and Cultural Marker.” The New England Quarterly 73.4 (Dec 2000) : 625-654.

Rosenthal, Debra J. “The White Blackbird : Miscegenation, Genre, and the Tragic Mulatta in Howells, Harper, and the ‘Babes of Romance.’” Nineteenth-Century Literature 56.4 (2002) : 495-517.

Rubin, Lance Allen. “‘Remembering Is Hell’ : William Dean Howells, Realism, and the American Memory Crisis”. Microform, 2002.

Russo, John Paul. “From Italophilia to Italophobia : Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age.” Differentia : Review of Italian Thought 6-7 (1994) : 45-75.

Salomon, Roger B. “Realism as Disinheritance : Twain, Howells and James.” American Quarterly 16.4 (Winter 1964) : 531-544.

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. “Anguish of a New York Liberal.” New York Review of Books 49.2 (2002) : 39-40.

Schwarzer, Andrew. “Cheering with Eyes Averted : Businessmen and Speculators in the Novels of Howells, Norris, and Dreiser.” Dissertation Abstracts International 57.12 (1997) : 5154.

Schweighauser, Philipp. “‘You Must Make Less Noise in Here, Mister Schouler’ : Acoustic Profiling in American Realism.” Studies in American Fiction 30.1 (2002) : 85-102.

See Fred G. “The Demystification of Style : Metaphoric and Metonymic Language in A Modern Instance.” Nineteenth Century Fiction 28 (1973-4) : 379-403.

Sehulster, Patricia J. “The Unanswerable Woman Question in William Dean Howells’s A Hazard of New Fortunes.” American Transcendental Quarterly 19.2 (2005) : 115-31.

Seib, Kenneth. “Uneasiness at Niagara.” Studies in American Fiction 4 (Spring 1976) : 15-25.

Soileau, Clany. “Money and Tragedy in the Nineteenth-Century Novel.” Dissertation Abstracts International 67.2 (2006) : 552.

Sorrentino, Paul. “A Re-Examination of the Relationship between Stephen Crane and W. D. Howells.” American Literary Realism 34.1 (2001) : 47-65.

Spears, Timothy. “‘Something More Than a Drummer’s Interest’ : Commercial Realism in The Rise of Silas Lapham.” Prospects 22 (1997) : 153-172.

Stephens, Gary. “Haunted Americana : The Endurance of American Realism.” Partisan Review 44 (January-February 1977) : 71-84.

Stokes, Claudia. “Copyrighting American History : International Copyright and the Periodization of the Nineteenth Century.” American Literature 77 (June 2005), 292-317.

Stokes, Claudia. “In Defense of Genius : Howells and the Limits of Literary History.” American Literary Realism 40.3 (Spring 2008) : 189-203.

Stone, Susan M. “Transcendental Realism : The Thoreauvian Presence in Howells’ A Modern Instance.” Studies in American Fiction 27.2 (1999 Autumn) : 149-57.

Stratman, Gregory Joseph. “The Literary Language of William Dean Howells in Theory and Practice : The Evolution of a Career.” Dissertation Abstracts International 58.6 (1997) : 2213.

Stretch, Cynthia. “Illusions of a Public, Locations of Conflict : Feeling Like Populace in William Dean Howells’s A Hazard of New Fortunes.” American Literary Realism 35.3 (2003) : 233.

Susina, Jan. “The Center of Centerburg : Robert McCloskey’s Regionalist Image of Boyhood.” The Image of the Child. Ed. Sylvia Patterson Iskander. Battle Creek : Children’s Lit. Assn. (1991) : 279-86.

Swett, Katherine Barrett. “Improper Places : Scenery Fiction in the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, William Dean Howells, Constance Woolson, and Henry James.” Dissertation Abstracts International 56.6 (1995) : 2241.

Thomas, Tracey Hoffman. “Courtship, Marriage, and Community in the Novels of Anthony Trollope and William Dean Howells.” Dissertation Abstracts International 56.11 (1996) : 4410.

Thompson, Graham. “‘And that paint is a thing that will bear looking into’ : The Business of Sexuality in The Rise of Silas Lapham.” American Literary Realism 33.1 (Fall 2000).

Todd, Jeff. “Lapham-The Mineral Paint Man.” ANQ : A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 12.4 (1999 Fall) : 19-23.

Trilling, Lionel. “W. D. Howells and the Roots of Modern Taste.” Partisan Review 18 (September-October 1951) : 518-36.

Van Westrum, A. Schade. “Mr. Howells and American Aristocracies.” Bookman 25 (March 1907) : 67-73.

Vorse, Mary Heaton. “Certain Overlooked Realities of American Life.” Critic 43 (July 1903) : 83-84.

Walker, Jeffrey. “What Difference a Definition Makes ; or, William Dean Howells and the Sophist’s Shoes.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 36.2 (2006) : 143.

Wardley, Lynn. “American Realism ‘After’ the New Historicism.” American Quarterly 51 (September 1999) : 726-737.

Webb-Anderson, Aerie Frances. “The Finer Shades of Difference : Race, Class, and Grammar in the Nineteenth Century of Henry James, Edith Wharton, and William Dean Howells.” Dissertation Abstracts International 66.6 (2005) : 2221-22.

Wells, Gerald K. “The Phoenix Symbol in The Rise of Silas Lapham.” South Atlantic Bulletin 40.2 (May 1975) : 10-14.

Westbrook, Matthew David. “Invisible Countries : The Poetics of the American Information Commodity, 1891-1919.” Dissertation Abstracts International 58.2 (1997) : 459.

Williams, Daniel. “From Hay-on-Wye to the Haymarket Riots : William Dean Howells and Wales.” New Welsh Review : Wales’s Literary Magazine in English 64 (2004) : 49-57.

Witherow, Jean Ann. “Kate Chopin’s Contribution to Realism and Naturalism : Reconsiderations of W. D. Howells, Maupassant, and Flaubert.” Dissertation Abstracts International 62.1 (2001) : 4779.

Witherow, Jean. “Kate Chopin’s Dialogic Engagement with W. D. Howells : ‘What Cannot Love Do ?’” Southern Studies : An Interdisciplinary Journal of the South 13.3-4 (2006) : 101-16.

Wonham, Henry B. “Writing Realism, Policing Consciousness : Howells and the Black Body.” American Literature 67.4 (December 1995) : 701-24.

Wray, Sarah. “Light and Darkness in Howells’s ‘Editha’ : A Feminist Critique.” Explicator 65.3 (2007) : 157-59.

Wright, Ellen F. “William Dean Howells and the Irrational.” Nineteenth-Century Fiction 38.3 (December 1983) : 304-323.

Yang, Seokwon. “Howells’s Realism Reconsidered : Representing the Unrepresentable in A Hazard of New Fortunes.” Journal of English Language and Literature/Yongo Yongmunhak 49.4 (2003) : 845-70.

Young, Arlene. “The Triumph of Irony in The Rise of Silas Lapham.” Studies in American Fiction 20.1 (Spring 1992) : 45-55.