1 Primary Sources

This bibliography on Thomas McGrath is not exhaustive, and that on three main points.

Firstly, a complete inventory of his contributions to periodicals remains to be done. Writing about the mid-1950s period, poet Philip Levine remembers being “enormously impressed by [McGrath’s] criticism, which was appearing in the most unlikely left-wing journals.”1 Much of this criticism is therefore likely to be missing in the present attempt.

Secondly, we know that, following a friend’s advice, McGrath, partly supported himself writing pulps when he was in New York in 1946–1947. He found writing such stories extremely easy and seems to have churned out and sold quite a few of those: “Murders, adventures, westerns.”2

Tracing those would be very difficult all the more so as it is not known whether McGrath published the stories under his own name.

Thirdly, there are, hopefully, more unpublished poems to come from friends’ and correspondents’ treasure troves. Echoing Philip Levine, historian E.P. Thompson wrote:

It will be unusually difficult to establish any canon of McGrath’s work. From typescripts sent to us in the fifties I have found poems which appear in Movie as ‘new poems’; and one or two of them turn up in Passages or Echoes. This might sometimes be important to the historian, perhaps also to the critic: Warning, handle each ‘new poem’ with agnosticism as to its genesis and context. The poet himself appears to have lost some of his own copies which, however, survive in the hands of friends or in the pages of scores of little journals in which he has published.3

Including some unpublished poems in his essay, Thompson jokingly boasts about his “contribution to the full annotated text of McGrath’s Complete Works in the Twenty-second Century (which century neither McGrath nor I expect to arrive).”4

French critic Serge Fauchereau has written about American poets’ well-known generosity.5 Our experience has certainly confirmed his opinion. Mark Vinz and Dale Jacobson gave me access to anything they thought could be of interest to the McGrath scholar. So did former president of Moorhead State University, Roland Dille as well as Korella Selzler, archivist at Northwest Minnesota Historical center in Moorhead, Minnesota and Sandy Slater, in charge of the Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections at the Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. All these individuals’ readiness to help made it possible for me to access criticism by and about McGrath which no extant bibliography had mentioned yet. However, our own attempt to arrive at a more complete picture still owes much to former bibliographical efforts, in particular that by Carla Kaplan.6

The lists below follow either the alphabetical order or a chronological one.

1.1 The poetry

1.1.1 Books

◆ A Sound of One Hand, St. Peter: Minnesota Writer’s Publishing House, 1975.

◆ Death Song, Port Townsend, Wash., Copper Canyon Press, 1991.

◆ Echoes Inside the Labyrinth, New York, Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1983.

◆ Figures of a Double World, Denver, Alan Swallow, 1955.

◆ First Manifesto, Baton Rouge, Alan Swallow, 1940.

◆ Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Denver, Alan Swallow, 1962.

◆ Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Parts I & II, Chicago, Swallow Press, 1970.

◆ Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Parts Three & Four, Port Townsend, Wash., Copper Canyon Press, 1985.

◆ Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Port Townsend, Wash., Copper Canyon Press, 1997.

◆ Letters to Tomasito, Minneapolis, Holy Cow! Press, 1977.

◆ Longshot O’Leary Counsels Direct Action, Minneapolis, West End Press, 1983.

◆ Longshot O’Leary’s Garland of Practical Poesie, New York, International Publishers, 1949.

◆ The Movie at the End of the World: Collected Poems, Chicago, Swallow Press, 1973.

◆ New and Selected Poems, Denver, Alan Swallow, 1964.

◆ 9 Poems, New York, Mandrill Press, non distributed.

◆ Open Songs: Sixty Short Poems, Mount Carroll, Ill., Uzzano Press, 1977.

◆ Passages Toward the Dark, Port Townsend, Wash., Copper Canyon Press, 1982.

◆ Selected Poems: 1938-1988, Port Townsend, Wash., Copper Canyon Press, 1988.

◆ Three Young Poets: Thomas McGrath, William Peterson, James Franklin Lewis, selected by Alan Swallow, Prairie City, Ill., The Press of J.A. Decker, 1942.

◆ Trinc: Praises II, Port Townsend, Copper Canyon Press, 1979.

◆ Voices from Beyond the Wall: A Sampler of Poems from Movie at the End of the World, Moorhead, Minnesota, The Territorial Press, 1974.

◆ To Walk a Crooked Mile: Poems, New York: Swallow Press, 1947.

◆ Waiting for the Angel, Menomonie, Wis., Uzzano (# 14), 1979.

◆ Witness to the Times! Poems, Los Angeles: Students of Thomas McGrath, 1953.

1.1.2 Uncollected poems7

◆ “For the Insulted and Injured,” New Masses, August 20, 1946, 14.

◆ “Figures in an Allegorical Landscape: Stock Brokerage Board Marker;” “Thomas Paradox’s Second Epistle to the Philistines.” Written between 1948 and 1953, these poems can be found in E.P. Thompson’s “Homage to Thomas McGrath” either in The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, Frederick C. Stern (ed.), Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1988, 103–105, 103 or in Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Reginald Gibbons & Terrence Des Pres (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992, 130, 118.

◆ “The Hunted Revolutionaries,” California Quarterly, vol. IV, no. 1, Autumn 1955. The poem is comprised of four sections: only the 2nd and 3rd sections have been collected in The Movie at the End of the World, p. 172–173. E.P. Thompson quotes passages from sections 1 and 4 in his study (Stern (ed.), 128–129 et Des Pres & Gibbons (ed.), 131–132).

◆ “Salute #2;” “Too Bad;” “To His Muse: or Blues My Naughty Sweetie Gave Me,” Scopcraeft 6, vol. 1. Summer edition 1967, p. 1, 2, 4.

◆ “The Lineaments of Unsatisfied Desire,” The Nation, October 19, 1970, p. 380.

◆ “The Little Judgment” [a poem inscribed to Fidel Castro, accepted for publishing in 1972. The name of the journal, written in longhand, is illegible.] Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 5. 21. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ “Ambitions,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Reginald Gibbons & Terrence Des Pres (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992, 234.

◆ “Joe Hill at Harvard,” The Subversive Agent, Number 1, Autumn, 1988, p. 39–40.

◆ “Maybe Later;” “Christmas;” “Whore’s Anthem;” “Wrong Ratios;” “Illumination;” “Wayfaring Stranger,” Subversive Agent, Number 2, 1989, p. 15–18.

1.2 Prose works8

1.2.1 Novels

◆ This Coffin Has No Handles, North Dakota Quarterly 52, 4, Fall: 1984. Rpt. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1988, with a foreword by Joe Doyle.

◆ The Gates of Ivory, the Gates of Horn (1957), Chicago, Another Chicago Press, 1987.

1.2.2 Children’s books

◆ About Clouds, illustrated by Chris Jenkyns, Los Angeles, Melmont Publishers, 1959.

◆ The Beautiful Things, illustrated by Chris Jenkyns, Los Angeles, Melmont Publishers, 1959.

1.2.3 Non-fiction

◆ “Poetry: Form and Content,” New Masses, July 2nd, 1946, 20–22.

◆ Review of The Big Sleep, New Masses, July 23rd, 1946, 30–31.

◆ Statement. US Congress. Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 83rd Congress, First Session. Investigation of Communist Activities in the Los Angeles Area— Part 5. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1953, 862–863. Reprinted in Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath. North Dakota Quarterly 50, 4, Fall: 1982, 8–9.

◆ Preface to Permit Me Refuge (1955) in Edwin Rolfe, Collected Poems, Cary Nelson & Jefferson Hendricks (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1993, 207.

◆ Review of “The Pocket Poet Series”—the first four volumes brought out by Lawrence Ferlinghetti—City Lights Books—and which include Howl, Coastlines or The California Quarterly, 1957?, reprinted in Gershgoren Novak Estelle (ed.), Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2002, 237–239.

◆ “Poetry, Jazz, etc.,” Coastlines 3, n^o 1, Winter 1957–1958, 39–41. Rpr. Gershgoren Novak Estelle (ed.), Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2002, 247–250.

◆ “The Poetry of Pablo Neruda,” Mainstream, 15, 6, June 1962, 43–48.

◆ “Manifesto: No More Cattlemen or Sheepmen—We Want Outlaws!!,” Crazy Horse 2 (1962), rpt. Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath. North Dakota Quarterly 50, 4, Fall: 1982, 10.

◆ “The Outrider,” editorial, Dacotah Territory, 3, Summer 1972, guest-ed. T. McGrath, 45.

◆ “McGrath on McGrath” (1973), Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath. North Dakota Quarterly 50, 4, Fall: 1982, 11–26.

◆ Review of The Raingatherer by Franklin Brainard, Dacotah Territory, 5, Summer-Fall: 1973, 61.

◆ Review of The Well Digger’s Wife by Louis Jenkins, Dacotah Territory 5, Summer-Fall: 1973, 61–62.

◆ Review of A Goldenrod Will Grow, by Freya Manfred, Dacotah Territory 5, Summer-Fall: 1973, 62.

◆ Review of Found Poems and Others and The Revolution is to be Human by Walter Lowenfels, Dacotah Territory 5, Summer-Fall: 1973, 62–63.

◆ “On My Work,” American Poetry Review, 3, 1, 1974, 26.

◆ Review of Divorce Proceedings, by James L. White, Dacotah Territory 7, Spring-Summer 1974, 59.

◆ Review of Collected Poems, 1924-1974, by John Beecher, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 121.

◆ Review of Soft Rock, by James Bertolino, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 123.

◆ Review of a manuscript by Jack Beeching, Dacotah Territory, 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 123.

◆ Review of Words on Paper, by Alvaro Cardona-Hine, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 122.

◆ Review of Penobscot Poems, by Leo Connellan, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 121.

◆ Review of a manuscript by Don Gordon, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 123.

◆ Review of Gathering Firewood, by David Ray, Dacotah Territory 8/9, Fall-Winter 1974–1975, 122.

◆ Review of The Selected Poems of Howard McCord 1955-1971, Dacotah Territory 10, Spring-Summer 1975, 63.

◆ Review of Th Transemigraçtion of Menzu by Charles Potts, Dacotah Territory 10, Spring-Summer 1975, 62–63.

◆ Review of And Morning, by Roland Flint, Dacotah Territory 12, Winter-Spring 1975–1976, 62–64.

◆ Review of The New Body, by James Moore, Dacotah Territory 12, Winter-Spring 1975–1976, 64–66.

◆ Introduction to Nickson, Richard, Staves: A Book of Songs, New York, The Moretus Press, 1977.

◆ Review of The Mystic Writing Pad, by Gene Frumkin, Dacotah Territory 15, Winter-Spring 1977–1978, 88.

◆ “Edward Dahlberg: A Memorial,” with Meridel LeSueur, Jack Conroy, David Cumberland & Fred Whitehead, Quindaro, no. 3, 1979, 29–37.

◆ “Language, Power, and Dream,” Claims for Poetry, ed. Donald Hall, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1982, 286–295.

◆ “North Dakota Is Everywhere,” North Dakota Quarterly 50, 3, Summer 1982, 6–7.

◆ “The Frontiers of Language” (1981), Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, North Dakota Quarterly 50, 4, Fall: 1982, 27–29.

◆ “‘What is there to celebrate?’: The Maple River Rag (with photos)” (1987), North Dakota Quarterly 56, 4, Fall: 1988, 3–21.

◆ “New magazine ignites creative path to future,” People’s Daily World, September 8th, 1988, 18.

◆ “Notes, Personal and Theoretical, on ‘Free’ and ‘Traditional’ Form,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem, Reginald Gibbons, Terrence Des Pres (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992, 219–226.

1.2.4 Interviews9

Anon. Another Chicago Magazine, 5, 1980, 72–78.

Buhle, Paul. An interview by mail with Thomas McGrath (Spring 1977), Cultural Correspondence 9, Spring 1979.

Des Pres Terrence & Reginald Gibbons. “An Interview with Thomas McGrath, January 30–February 1, 1987,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Reginald Gibbons, Terrence Des Pres (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992, 38–102.

Dochniak, Jim. “Surviving as a Writer: The Politics of Poetry/The Poetry of Politics,” interview with Thomas McGrath, Sez, 2/3, 1981, special section.

Gibbons, Reginald. “Thomas McGrath: A Conversation,” Another Chicago Magazine, 23, 1991, 191–203.

Hamill, Sam. “A Little Human Music: McGrath on Form and Meaning,” Poetry East, 23/24, Fall 1987, 40–76.

Lyons, Richard. “An Interview with Tom McGrath, Part I,” Dacotah Territory, 1, 1971, 8–17.

Lyons, Richard. “An Interview with Tom McGrath, Part II,” Dacotah Territory, 2, 1972, 8–17.

Persellin, Michael. “Regarding Involvement with the Communist Party,” interview with Thomas McGrath. 30 March 1973. Box 1, Folder 20. University Archives, Northwest Minnesota Historical Center, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563.

McKenzie, James. “Conversations with Thomas McGrath” (1974 and 1981), North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 135–151.

Rogers, James H. “Vision and Feeling,” interview with Thomas McGrath, North Dakota Quarterly, 53, 1, Winter 1985, 29–45.

Stein, Julia. “Thomas McGrath: interview,” Onthebus, 1991, 256–266.

Stern, Frederick C. “An Interview with Thomas McGrath” (1978), The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, Frederick C. Stern (ed.), Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1988, 150–179.

Vinz, Mark. “Contemporary Poetry and the Sense of Place,” an unpublished interview with Robert Bly and Thomas McGrath, July 17, 1972, [communicated by M. Vinz].

Vinz, Mark. “Poetry and Place: An Interview with Thomas McGrath” (July 25, 1972), Voyages to the Inland Sea, 3. Essays and Poems by R.E. Sebenthall, Thomas McGrath, Robert Dana, Judson, John (ed.), University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Center for Contemporary Poetry, Murphy Library, 1973, 33–48.

Vinz, Mark. “Milton, Manfred, and McGrath: a Conversation on Literature and Place,” Dacotah Territory, 8/9, 1974–1975, 19–26.

Weiner, Joshua. “More Questions: An Interview with Thomas McGrath, June 4, 1987,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Reginald Gibbons, Terrence Des Pres (ed.), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992, 193–210.

White, J. P. “Thomas McGrath: an interview,” American Poetry Review, 16, 1, 1987, 37–40.

1.2.5 Filmscripts

◆ A short film on the Constitution for the Ford Foundation & Playhouse Pictures, L.A.

◆ A Building Is Many Buildings (or Limit High) for Graphic Films, L.A.

◆ Ages of Time, documentary, for MPO, N.Y.

◆ American Moments, collaboration for Francis Thompson (documentary).

◆ Bravest Boat, The, September 11, 1961, Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 1.38. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ Choruses for the City (documentary).

◆ Conquering Horse (from the Frederick Manfred novel), Mike Cimino & Universal Films, L.A.

◆ Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 1.61. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ Everlasting Morning (documentary).

◆ Genesis—written narration for film for Francis Thompson, Inc., N.Y.

◆ Home Again, Mike Greshoff, L.A.

◆ KEF, Mike Cimino, L.A.

◆ Museum and the Fury, The, Leo Hurwitz and Frontier Films, NYC (documentary).

◆ Paradise, Mike Cimino, L.A. Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 1.60. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ Quetzalcoatl, Thomas McGrath Papers, 1977–1982, Box 2, Folders 1–4. University Archives, Northwest Minnesota Historical Center, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563.

◆ Revision of script for Stakeout on Dope Street, L.A.

1.3 Manuscripts

◆ “Creation of a Myth by Five Leftist Writers,” Master’s Thesis, Cleanth Brooks, Supervisor, Louisiana State University, 1940. Library Louisiana State University.

◆ Handwritten manuscript Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Part I. Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 2.14. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ Untitled manuscript, Selected Poems: 1942–1962. [The manuscript includes an accompanying note by McGrath.] Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 2.15. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.

◆ Same manuscript, with a letter from Don Gordon and a note by McGrath, Box 1, Folder 36. University Archives, Northwest Minnesota Historical Center, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563.

◆ Autobiographical Note, Box 1, Folder 1. University Archives, Northwest Minnesota Historical Center, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563.

2 Other Sources On McGrath

2.1 Books

Discounting the dissertations, only three books are entirely dedicated to the work of Thomas McGrath.

Despres, Terrence & Reginald, Gibbons (ed.), Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1992.

Stern, Frederick C. (ed.). The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Whitehead, Fred (ed.). Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath. North Dakota Quarterly 50, 4, Fall 1982. Was reprinted with additional material following McGrath’s passing. The exact date, however, is unspecified.

All three volumes are collections by multiple authors. The individual contributions are listed below. Only the collection’s title in which they appear and the year of publication are indicated for clarity’s sake.

2.2 Studies including chapters on Thomas McGrath

Lowney, John. History, Memory, and the Literary Left: Modern American Poetry, 1935-1968, Iowa City, University of Iowa Press, 2006. Ch. 6: “A metamorphic palimpsest: the underground memory of Thomas McGrath’s Letter to an Imaginary Friend,” 161–191.

McHale, Brian. The Obligation toward the Difficult Whole: Postmodernist Long Poems, Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 2004. Ch. 6: “Will the Revolution Be Televised? Thomas McGrath’s Letter to an Imaginary Friend and Bruce Andrews’s Confidence Trick,” 162–203.

2.3 Articles and other texts10

Anon., Red and Green, April 26th 2001, www.misu.nodak.edu/redgreen.

Anon., “Viet Nam ‘Teach-In’ Set at SU,” Fargo Forum and Moorhead News, May, 18th, 1965.

Albers, Everett C. “You Can Bet on It!,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, (1982), 1990s, 1–2.

Beeching, Jack. “For Thomas McGrath” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 30–31.

Beeching, Jack. A Memoir of Thomas McGrath, East Grand Forks, Spirit Horse Press, 1993.

Bertolino, James. “American Poetry” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 55.

Bertolino, James. “McGrath’s Brilliant Brevity,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 53–54.

Blake, David Haven. “Exile and the Republic: Thomas McGrath and the Legacy of Jefferson’s America,” Prospects: An Annual of American Studies, vol. 23, 1998, 23–38.

Blau, Eric. “Act Three of The Grass Eats the Horse: A Play about the American Poet Thomas Matthew McGrath,” North Dakota Quarterly, 58, 1, Winter 1990, 1–30.

Bly, Robert. “In Praise of Thomas McGrath,” Poetry East, 23/24, Fall 1987, 104–115.

Boehnlein, James M. “Embracing Contraries: The Competing Narratives of Tom McGrath’s Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Part One,” Midamerica: The Yearbook of the Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature, 32, 2005, 38–45.

Butwin, Joseph. “‘The Winter Count:’ Politics in the Poetry of Thomas McGrath,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 59–68.

Butwin, Joseph. “The Last Laugh,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 68–77.

Cardona-Hine, Alvaro. Introduction, Letters to Tomasito, Minneapolis: Holy Cow! Press, 1977.

Cardona-Hine, Alvaro. “Knowing McGrath a Little,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 52–55.

Carruth, Hayden, “Tom McGrath Is Harvesting the Snow” (1987), The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 47–49.

Clampitt, Amy. Citation for the Lenore Marshall/Nation Poetry Prize— 1989, The Nation, November 6, 1989, 534–536.

Cohen, Marty. “The Imaginary Friendships of Tom McGrath,” Parnassus: Poetry In Review, 19, 2, 1994, 193–209.

Cumberland, David. “Harvest Compulsion” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 95–100.

Des Pres, Terrence. “Thomas McGrath,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), 1992, 158–192.

DiPiero, W. S. “Public Music” in Parini Jay (ed.) & introd., Millier Brett C. (ed.), The Columbia History of American Poetry, New York, Columbia University Press, 1993, 579.

DiPiero, W.S. “Politics in Poetry: the case of Thomas McGrath,” New England Review, vol. 17, 4, Fall 1995, 41–46.

Doyle, Joe. “Longshot O’Leary: Tom McGrath’s Years on the New York Waterfront,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 32–40.

Dussol, Vincent. “Modalités d’une négociation: le trèfle et la faucille chez Thomas McGrath (1916–1990),” Études irlandaises, 28, 2, Automne 2003, 29–50.

Engel, Bernard F. “Thomas McGrath’s Dakota,” Midwestern Miscellany, 19, 4, 1976, 3–7.

Engel, Bernard F. “From Here We Speak,” The Old Northwest, 2, 1, 1976, 37–44.

Engel, Bernard F. “Tom McGrath’s and the Hornacle Mine,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 82–91.

Flint, Roland. “Remembering Tom McGrath,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem, 1992, 211–218.

Foley, Jack. “Thomas McGrath, Letter to an Imaginary Friend” (July 15, 2000), www.alsopreview.com/foley/jfmcgrath.html.

Freise, Kathy. “An Introduction,” Spring 2003, www.ndsu.edu/ndsu/news/magazine/vol03_issue02/tom_mcgrath.shtml.

Frumkin, Gene. “A Note on Tom McGrath—The Early 50s,” Dream Champ— A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 46–51.

Frumkin, Gene. “Figures and Letters: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 93–103.

Gershgoren Novak, Estelle (ed.), Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2002, p. XVII–XX et 1–55.

Gibbons, Reginald. “A Personal Introduction,” (1987), Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), 1992, 7–15.

Gibbons, Reginald. “Preface,” Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem, 1992, 1–5.

Gibbons, Reginald. “Homage to Longshot O’Leary” [poem], Homage to Longshot O’Leary, Duluth, Minnesota, Holy Cow! Press, 1999, 51–69.

Grossmann, Mary Ann. “Poet Thomas McGrath, noted for his political, social radicalism, dies at 73,” St Paul Pioneer Press, September 21st, 1990.

Hall, Donald. “McGrath’s Invective,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 90–91.

Hamill, Sam. “The Problem of Thomas McGrath,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 92–94.

Hamill, Sam. “The Justice of Poetry,” Poetry East, 23/24, Fall 1987, 77–88.

Hazard, Mike. “Movie Moonlighting, or the Other Career of Tom McGrath,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 101–106.

Hirschman, Jack. “Tribute” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 51.

Hokenson, Jan. “McGrath, Thomas (M.),” in Chevalier, T. (ed.), Contemporary Poets of the English Language, Fifth Edition, Chicago, IL, St. James Press, 627–629.

Holscher, Rory. “Receiving Thomas McGrath’s Letter,” Dream Champ—A

Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 116–129.

Jacobson, Dale. “The Mythical Element in Letter to an Imaginary Friend,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 71–82.

Jacobson, Dale. “For Thomas McGrath” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 69–70.

Jacobson, Dale. “Thomas McGrath: ‘It is the poem provides the proper charm,’” North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 123–129.

Jacobson, Dale. “The Journey to Celebration in McGrath’s Poetry,” The American Poetry Review, 18, 3, May–June 1989, 27–30.

Jacobson, Dale. “Tribute to Tom McGrath—written for N [orth] D [akota] [State] U [niversity] reading, October 19th, 1989” [author’s mention in longhand], University Archives, Northwest Minnesota Historical Center, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563.

Jacobson, Dale. “Introduction,” Thomas McGrath, Death Song, ed. Sam Hamill, Port Townsend: Copper Canyon Press, 1991, 1–6.

Jacobson, Dale. Blues for Tom McGrath, LaPorte, Minnesota, First Printing Spirit Horse Press, 1991.

Jacobson, Dale. “On Thomas McGrath’s Death Song,” North Dakota Quarterly, 60, 3, Summer 1992, 80–85.

Jacobson, Dale. “Circling back to Ourselves,” Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Port Townsend, Washington, Copper Canyon Press, 1997, 409–413.

Kaplan, Carla. “A Bibliography of Works by and about Thomas McGrath,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 182–189.

Lesueur, Meridel. “For Tom McGrath” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 56–58.

Levine, Philip. “Small Tribute to Thomas McGrath” (1987), Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), 1992, 103–105.

Lewin Ann. “Two Poems” [poems], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 130.

Manfred, Frederick. “Tom”, The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 55.

Marquit, D.G. “Thomas McGrath’s Proletarian Novel: Renewed Interest in Working-Class Literature in the USA,” Zeitschrift fürAnglistik und Amerikanistik, 35, 4, 1987, 310–315.

Martinson, David, Guest (ed.). The Shining Times, special edition Thomas McGrath, May Day 1998, The North Dakota Humanities Council, 16 p.

Martinson, David (ed.). Thomas Matthew McGrath, Selected Poetry, “You out there, so secret. What makes you think you’re alone?”, August 2000, The North Dakota Humanities Council.

Mason, David. “The Poetry of Life and the Life of Poetry,” Ashland, Story Line Press, 2000.

Mason, David. Thomas McGrath (1916–1990), unpublished essay.11

Matchie, Thomas. “Two North Dakota Writers,” North Dakota Quarterly, 50, 1, 1982, 19–27.

Matchie, Thomas. “The Function of the Hopi Kachina in Tom McGrath’s Letter to an Imaginary Friend,” South Dakota Review, 22, 3, 1984, 7–21.

Matchie, Thomas. “Letter and Leaves: McGrath’s Indian Culture vs Whitman’s Poetic Tradition,” North Dakota Quarterly, 53, 1, Winter 1985, 5–25.

McGrath, Alice. “Longshot O’Leary Says It’s Your Duty to Be Full of Fury” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 44– 45. “McGrath: Pro,” and “McGrath: Con,” letters to the editor from Minnie Drucker and Irving Meyers. “Mail Call,” New Masses, August 20th, 1946, 22.

McKenzie, James. review of Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987) and of “The Work of Thomas McGrath: A Special Section,” Poetry East, 23/24, Fall 1987, North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 346–347.

Merer, Harry. “Alaska,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 41–42.

Milton, John. “From Artifact to Intuition in Great Plains Writing,” Prairie Schooner, 55, 1/2, Spring-Summer 1981, 131–140.

Moramarco, Fred, Sullivan, William. Containing Multitudes: Poetry in the United States since 1950, New York, Twayne Publishers, An Imprint of Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1998, 133–138.

Noack, Renate & Ingo Schwarz. “Der Science-Fiction Roman in den USA als ein Mittel der Auseinandersetzung mit dem MacCathyismus,” Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 19, 1976, 257–259.

Ode, Kim. “Tom McGrath, a poet of the prairie, dies at 73,” Minneapolis Star Tribune, September 9th 1990.

Oppenheimer, Joel. “Tom McGrath, His Poetry, A Note,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 50–51.

Page, Tom. “The Wichita Cuts,” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 83.

Peddie, Ian. “Thomas McGrath, T.S. Eliot, and the Commissars of Culture,” Western American Literature, 40, 4, Winter 2006, 423–448.

Peddie, Ian. “‘North Dakota Is Everywhere’: Thomas McGrath’s Rural Radicalism,” North Dakota Quarterly, 72, 3, Summer 2005, 28–41.

Pennings, Rhonda. “Men and Women as Nurturers in the Work of Meridel LeSueur and Thomas McGrath,” North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 153–165.

Pryor, Mary Anne. “Habeas Corpus, (Thomas McGrath 1916–1990),” Rondeau, Moorhead, MN, 35.

Ramirez, Sergio. “Praises for Thomas McGrath” (Managua, 1991) translated from the Spanish by Alice McGrath, in Gershgoren Novak, Estelle (ed.), Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2002, 80–81.

Ray, David. “Three Poems for Tom McGrath,” North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 121–122.

Replansky, Naomi. “Untitled: for Tom,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 43.

Robbins, Doren. “At the Korean Friendship Bell” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 84–85.

Rubinstein, Annette. “Letter,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 89.

Schuler, Robert. “Thomas McGrath’s ‘green dark,’” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 78–81.

Sheldon, Glenn. “Thomas McGrath: Another Agrarian Revolt,” Midamerica: The Yearbook of the Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature, 30, 2003, 100–111.

Shpak, Valery. “A Soviet View,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 86–88.

Smeall, J. F. S. “Tom McGrath and the Pastoral Tradition,” North Dakota Quarterly, 48, 4, Autumn 1980, 27–32.

Sprung, Christopher. “Eminent poet, author Tom McGrath dies at 73,” Fargo Forum, September 21st, 1990.

Stafford, William. “To Recite Every Day” [poem], Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 64.

Stern, Frederick C. “‘The Delegate for Poetry:’McGrath as Communist Poet,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 107–115.

Stern, Frederick C. “Thomas McGrath and the ‘Long Poem with Epic Features,’” October 1986, typescript of a paper read at the “Jubilation of Poets” conference, Cleveland State University. Thomas McGrath Papers. Collection: OGL # 308, 5.9. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections, Chester Fritz Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, 23 p.

Stern, Frederick C. “Thomas McGrath,” Literary History of the American West, Thomas J. Lyons (ed.), Fort Worth, Texas Christian University Press, 1986.

Stern, Frederick C. “Introduction,” The Gates of Ivory, the Gates of Horn (1957), Chicago, Another Chicago Press, 1987, 7–13.

Stern, Frederick C. “The Revolutionary Poet in the US: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 1–46.

Stern, Frederick C. “A Biographical Sketch of Thomas McGrath,” 180–181.

Terkel, Studs. “Clarity Is What McGrath Is About,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, p. 52.

Thompson, E. P. “Homage to Thomas McGrath,” The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 104–149 and Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), R 1992, 106–157.

Vinz, Mark. “Thomas McGrath: Words for a Vanished Age—A Memoir,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 131–138.

Vinz, Mark. “Commentary,” North Dakota Quarterly, 69, 1, Winter 2002, 5–6.

Von Hallberg, Robert. “Poetry, Politics, and Intellectuals,” The Cambridge History of American Literature, vol. 8, Poetry and Criticism 1940–1995, Cambridge University Press, 1996, 28–33 and 240–242.

Wakoski, Diane. “Thomas McGrath: Orphic Poet of the Midwest” (1987), The Revolutionary Poet in the United States: The Poetry of Thomas McGrath, 1988, 59–67.

White, J. P. “A 70th Year Tribute to an Elizabethan Revolutionary Steeped in Hopi Legend,” Another Chicago Magazine, 18, 1988, 226–232.

Whitehead, Fred. “Introduction,” Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 5–8.

Whitehead, Fred. “Thomas McGrath and His Native Land,” North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 130–134.

Whitehead, Fred. “‘It’s Not the End of the World, but You Can See It from There:’ Thomas McGrath and His Territory,” North Dakota Quarterly, 65, 4, 1998, 91–101.

Whitehead, Fred. “McGrath, Tom,” Encyclopedia, 487–488.

Woiwode, Larry. “Letter from an Imaginary Friend: an homage to Tom McGrath,” Spring 2003, www.ndsu.edu/ndsu/news/magazine/vol03_issue02/tom_mcgrath.shtml.

Zaller, Robert. “Thomas McGrath: The Poet as Revolutionary, the Revolutionary as Poet,” Boulevard, 18 (2–3 [53–54]), 2003, 181–188.

2.4 Dissertations

Pink, David Joseph. “North Dakota is Everywhere: An Examination of Thomas McGrath’s Letter to an Imaginary Friend,” Michael Dennis Browne, Supervisor, University of Minnesota, 1999.

Smith, Donald Sinclair. “Tactics and Tradition in the Poetry of Thomas McGrath,” Cary Nelson, Advisor, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1995.

Devlin, Eric William. “Thomas McGrath and the Vocation of the Radical Poet,” City University of New York, 2002.

Dussol, Vincent. “Thomas McGrath: une allotopie poétique américaine?,” sous la direction d’Antoine Cazé, Université d’Orléans, 2004.

2.4.1 Dissertations including extensive consideration of Thomas McGrath’s work

Peddie, Ian Alexander. “The Persisting Left: Class Expression and American Literature after 1939,” the University of Rochester, 2002. Langston Hughes, compared to Nelson Algren and Thomas McGrath (ian.peddie@gmail.com).

2.5 Films

◆ “The Movie at the End of the World,” A Portrait of the Poet Thomas McGrath, 55: 56, Mike Hazard, The CIE, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1981.

2.6 Reviews of McGrath’s books

2.6.1 First Manifesto (1940)

Howells, Thomas. Poetry 56, 6, September 1940, 340.

2.6.2 To Walk a Crooked Mile (1947)

Blau, Milton. Masses and Mainstream 1, 1, March 1948, 77–80.

Elton, William. Partisan Review, 15, 1948, 598.

Fibb, Hugh. New York Times Book Review, 7 March 1948, 4.

Maurer, Deane. New Mexico Quarterly 18, 1948, 253.

Meyer, Gerard Previn. Saturday Review 31, 16 (17 April 1948): 51.

Morgan, Frederick. Hudson Review 1, 1948, 258.

Theobald, John. Poetry 74, 1, April 1949, 50.

2.6.3 Figures from a Double World (1955)

Meredith, William. New York Times Book Review, 18 December 1955, 4.

Viertel, Tom and Meil Weisburd. Coastlines 1, Summer 1955: 39–43.

Van Duyn, Mona. Poetry 88, 5, August 1956, 329.

Wells, Christopher. Mainstream 10, 1, January 1957: 63–64.

2.6.4 The Gates of Ivory, the Gates of Horn (1957)

Jacobson, Dale. North Dakota Quarterly, 56, 4, Fall 1988, 340–343.

2.6.5 The Beautiful Things (1960)

Low, Alice. New York Times Book Review, 26 February 1961, 44.

2.6.6 Letter to an Imaginary Friend (1962)

Cardona-Hine, Alvaro. National Guardian, November, 8th, 1962.

Creeley, Robert. Poetry 102, 1, April 1963, 42.

Pendleton, Conrad. Voices, January-April 1963, 56.

Rosenthal, M. L. New York Times Book Review, 21 April 1963, 38.

Rubinstein, Annette T. Mainstream, March 1963, 55.

Scherill, James. San Francisco Chronicle “This World” Magazine, 19 May 1963, 28.

Simpson, Louis. Hudson Review 16, 1, Spring 1963, 131.

2.6.7 Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Parts I & II (1970)

Anonymous. Antioch Review, 30, 3 and 4, Fall 1970, 465.

Anonymous. Choice 18, June 1971, 552.

Anonymous. Publisher’s Weekly 197, 2 March 1970, 79.

Anonymous. Times Literary Supplement, 11 December 1970, 1436.

Atlas, James. Poetry 119, 1, October 1971, 45.

Bernardin, J. Poetry Review, Autumn 1970, 254.

Dicky, R. P. Western American Literature 6, 1, Spring 1971, 65.

Fuson, Ben. Library Journal 95, 14, August 1970, 2689.

Moore, James. Dacotah Territory 14, Spring-Summer 1977, 79–90.

National Observer 9, 30 November 1970, 24.

2.6.8 New and Selected Poems (1964)

Carruth, Hayden. Hudson Review 18, 1965, 133.

Howard, Richard. Poetry 106, 4, July 1965, 296.

Rexroth, Kenneth. New York Times Book Review, 21 February 1965, 4.

2.6.9 Movie at the End of the World (1973)

Anonymous. Choice 10, September 1973, 980.

Anonymous. New Republic 168, 21 April 1973, 27.

Anonymous. New York Times Book Review, 13 April 1980, 43.

Anonymous. Virginia Quarterly Review 56, 4, Autumn 1980, 144.

2.6.10 Open Songs (1977)

Anonymous. Booklist 74, 15 April 1978, 1319.

Anonymous. Booklist 76, 15 March 1980, 1033.

American Book Review 2, June 1980, 2.

2.6.11 Waiting for the Angel (1979)

Stern, Frederick C. Southwest Review 65, 1, Winter 1980, 108.

2.6.12 Passages Toward the Dark (1982)

San Francisco Review of Books 7, November 1982, 29.

Smeall, Joseph F.S. Dream Champ—A Festschrift for Thomas McGrath, 1982, 139–141.

Stern, Frederick C. Western American Literature 19, Spring 1984, 50.

Wakoski, Diane. American Book Review 5, May 1983, 18.

2.6.13 Echoes Inside the Labyrinth (1983)

Anonymous. Choice 21, February 1984, 822.

Anonymous. Publisher’s Weekly 224, 18, 28 October 1983, 64.

Kliatt Paperback Book Guide 18, Spring 1984, 28.

Los Angeles Times Book Review 13, 1983, 9.

Stern, Frederick C. Chicago, April 1984, 135–136.

2.6.14 Letter to an Imaginary Friend, Parts III & IV (1985)

Jacobson, Dale. North Dakota Quarterly, 55, 1, Winter 1987, 268–271.

2.6.15 Death Song

Mason, David. Hudson Review, 44, 3, 1991, 509–511.

2.6.16 Letter to an Imaginary Friend (1997)

Broaddus, Will. Boston Review, February/March 1998.