A

Abbassides 217, 220, 318

Adamawa 120, 127

Afrique sub-saharienne 16, 56, 74, 78, 92, 218, 220, 232, 234, 236, 239, 246, 328, 330

Agadès 150, 152, 157, 170, 185, 199, 211, 257, 324

Aġāfī 60

Aġram 149, 275, 278

Aġū 181

Aïr 19, 29, 36, 39, 121, 123, 125, 132, 145-147, 149-150, 161-162, 165, 167-168, 170, 185, 197, 199, 221, 226-227, 235, 275, 285, 304, 312, 321, 324, 332-334

Alālah 261

al-Azhar 214, 228, 250-251, 325, 341

Alger 32, 151, 160, 185

Almoravides 221

Amérique 97, 118, 186, 189

Amsakā 70, 81, 85-86, 92, 264-265, 304, 330

Arabe (population) 13-14, 17, 28, 32, 83, 92, 94, 144, 149, 162-163, 181, 184, 189, 198, 210, 304, 322, 334
judham 186, 189, 210

Armī 60, 62, 64, 215

Asie
du Sud-Est 23, 123
Mineure 152

Askya 318

Atlantique 19, 40, 128, 132, 142, 147, 152-153, 182, 331-333

Awdaghost 165

Awǧila 37-38, 165, 205, 210, 232

Awlad Muḥammad 29, 156, 159, 163, 231

Ayamah 121

‘Ayḏab 237

B

Babāliyā 279, 281, 285

Bagdad 57, 220, 319

Baguirmi 19, 35, 92, 117-118, 123, 126, 129, 140, 183, 192, 208, 239, 243, 250, 253, 264, 320, 323, 332

Bahr al-Ghazal 100, 105-106, 113, 118, 273, 279, 282, 284-285, 287, 338

Bakura 193

Balāġ 59

Banū
Dāwud (Dāwudides) 16-17, 29, 245, 270
Ḫaṭṭāb 163
Idrīs (Idrīssides) 16, 270

Baramūsah 90

Bararah 122

Barbar 75

Barbarie 185, 222

Barī 261, 264

Baribari Voir Kambarin Beriberi

bassin
de la Benue 212
de la Volta 212
du lac Tchad 14-15, 17, 24, 27-28, 31-32, 36, 45, 56, 73, 76, 80-81, 83, 87, 89-90, 92, 94, 97-99, 103, 110, 112, 118-123, 126, 129, 131, 136, 147, 173-174, 179, 182, 187, 195, 208, 215, 218-219, 229-230, 250, 257, 274-275, 278, 287-288, 294, 312-314, 316-317, 319, 323-324, 328-332, 334, 336, 341
du Niger 122, 127, 212
du Nil 183, 210
méditerranéen 28, 118

Bassora 231

Bauchi 175-176

Bazza 193

Bedde 85, 94, 175, 177, 182, 200, 270, 291-292

Benghazi 147

Bénin 153

Benue 89, 126-127, 212, 335

Berbère Voir Touareg
Lamtuna 316
Sanhaja 316

Bilād al-Sūdān (pays des Noirs) 134

Bilma (Bulma) 157-158, 160, 162, 170, 206, 275

Bīnāwah 94, 137, 200, 304

Birni Ngazargamu 13, 28, 43, 47, 57, 76, 94, 111, 114, 117-118, 167-168, 229, 258, 264, 270, 273, 278-279, 284-285, 287, 307, 321

Biskudī 110-111

Biu 191, 193, 212

Boko Haram 120

Boulo 193

Brésil 202

Bulālah 16, 27-28, 30, 32, 36, 64, 81-82, 84, 92, 123, 145, 170, 177, 179, 181, 184, 197, 264, 279, 285-286, 294, 306, 314, 330, 334, 338

Bulūǧ 261

Bulūġih 304

Buluwa 181

Burkina Faso 153

Bussa 36, 194

C

Cameroun 13, 100, 103, 127

Centrafrique 100, 177

Chari 100, 106, 111, 115, 117, 119, 264

Chypre 48, 152

côte, golfe de Guinée 19, 128, 189, 212

Cyrénaïque 37, 147, 168, 170, 205, 228

D

Dabūšakh 181, 270

Dagomba 19, 24

Dalikinh, Diliknh 304

Dallol Mauri 191, 193

Damagaram 291

Damas 231

Damasakh 64, 114, 180, 184, 270

Darfur 17, 19, 35-36, 120-122, 132-133, 140, 147, 164, 168, 191-192, 212, 230, 239-245, 253, 320, 335

Dar Tama 142

Delhi 248

Dirku 146, 160, 170, 208, 278

Djado 157, 160, 166, 168

Djebel
Meidob 244
Nefusa 160

dynastie
des Awlād Muḥammad 29, 156, 159, 163
des Bulālah 16, 30, 329
des Kanemi 46, 273
des Keira 240, 245
des Osmanli 318
saadienne 17
des Sefuwa 13, 15, 27, 36, 50, 150, 175-176, 191, 216, 244-245, 298, 303, 309-314, 318-319, 321-322, 327, 331
du Mandara 320

E

Égypte 17, 28, 37-39, 61, 87, 94, 145, 147, 164-165, 168, 189, 208, 210-211, 215, 221-223, 228, 232, 247, 293, 312, 325
fatimide 224
mamlūke 17, 340

El-Fasher 243-244

Espagne 17, 19, 33, 226

Éthiopie (Abyssinie), éthiopien 183, 202, 208, 257-258, 312

Europe, européen 45, 19, 25, 35, 49-50, 89, 97, 102, 107, 117, 128, 131, 137, 153, 158, 183, 189-190, 205, 218, 234, 258, 332, 336

F

Fachi 160, 162, 168, 170, 275

Fata Bornu 243

Fatimides 165, 221, 224

Fayā 63, 229, 304

Fellata Voir Fulani

Fès 167, 215, 321, 340

Fezzan 16, 19, 29, 32-35, 37-39, 44, 94, 122, 140, 143-146, 149, 152, 154-159, 162-165, 167-168, 170, 177, 187, 192, 194, 204-208, 210-211, 215-216, 219, 227, 231-232, 234, 236, 240-241, 247, 251-252, 275, 288, 304, 332-333

Fitri 27, 181

France, Français 14, 40, 127, 185, 190, 199, 207, 228, 241, 339

Franciscains 170, 211, 240

Fulani 55, 118, 136-139, 184, 189, 193, 205, 230, 240-241, 250

G

Gafsa 160, 323

Gambaru 75, 260-261, 264, 278

Gambie 48

Gamergu 75, 122, 302

Gaoga 136, 211

Ġarasah 269

Garoumélé 30, 264, 273, 275, 278-279, 281, 284-285, 287

Garu Kime 115, 278, 281, 284

Gaskeru 278-279, 281

Ġatiqah Voir Garoumélé

Ġawkā 265

Ġazbī 158, 206

Ġāzr (Ngāzar) 270

Gênes 151

Ghadamès 147, 150, 157, 160, 165-166, 168, 185, 201

Ghana 19, 89, 128, 153

Ghat 150, 157, 165, 185

Ġibū Kanǧīr 261

Gongola (Ǧinǧinah) 44, 87, 90, 97, 122, 126-127, 176-177, 189, 267

Gwanja 19

H

Habsbourg 17, 33, 197

Hafsides 154, 160, 163, 252

Halaib 237

Hambourg 46, 48, 51-52

Hausa 36, 39, 49, 136, 142, 150, 186, 214, 290, 314 États, cités, pays 19, 29, 36, 39, 55, 57, 77, 82, 89, 122, 127-128, 132, 137, 142, 150, 170, 192-194, 196, 200, 212, 230, 257, 279, 283, 309, 332, 338-339

Hedjaz 142, 303, 320

Hoggar 120, 146, 165, 167

Hollande 185

I

Ibn Rašīq (madrasa) 194, 250

Ikrīmah 70

îles Karka 323

Inde 221

Irak 56, 87, 90, 94

Iran 228, 231

Istanbul 17, 19, 33, 75, 87, 89, 94, 114, 131, 146, 151, 206, 221, 229, 247, 304, 332, 340

J

Jamaïque 186

Jedda 237

Jos 98, 123, 125-127, 332 Museum 45

Jufra 165

K

Kadzell 265, 275, 277-278, 281

Kaġsaṭah 285

Kairouan 56, 221

Kaluh, Kāluh 179-180, 284, 287

Kambarin Beriberi, Baribari 36, 136, 214, 314

Kanāniya 70, 81, 86, 94, 110, 229, 287, 289-290, 293-294, 307, 330, 334

Kanembu 177, 325

Kano 19, 29-31, 36, 44, 55, 70, 81-83, 85, 94, 122-123, 137, 147, 150, 152, 168, 190-193, 196, 206, 212, 230, 240, 264, 274, 284-287, 290, 299-300, 304, 307, 314, 324, 330, 332, 339

Kanuri 54, 62, 75, 86, 113, 149, 160-163, 175-177, 182, 191-192, 214, 216, 241, 314

Karde 75, 183

Karġah 110

Katsina 19, 31, 35, 39, 157, 159, 163, 192-193, 212, 291, 309

Kawar 16, 19, 38-39, 94, 121, 143-146, 149, 152-162, 166-168, 170, 177, 192, 194, 205-206, 208, 232, 251, 265, 275, 278, 285, 287, 324, 332-333

Kebbi 19, 29, 87

Kerawa 193

Khartoum 320

Khufra 165, 168

Kirāwā 121-122

Komadugu 116-117, 177
Gana 98, 176, 270, 287
Yobe 28, 31, 39, 80, 84-85, 87, 90, 98, 100, 111-112, 114-115, 117, 125, 176, 192, 212, 265, 270, 275, 277-279, 281-283, 287, 293, 327, 331-332, 337-338

Kordofan 132

Kotoko 83, 92, 94, 126, 264, 285, 304

Koyam 92

Kukawa 46-48, 117-118

Kulumbardo 116, 214, 281, 321

Kusuri 304

Kwororofa 17, 19, 36, 39-40, 87, 118, 127, 194, 309

L

lac Tchad 14-15, 19, 24, 27-28, 30-32, 35-36, 44, 58, 72, 83, 89-90, 93, 97-98, 100-102, 105-113, 115, 117, 123, 126-127, 132-133, 138, 140, 149-151, 154, 160, 162, 164, 166, 174, 176-177, 179-180, 192, 196-197, 203, 208, 210, 215, 224, 232, 236, 239-240, 243, 245, 250, 252, 257, 259, 261-263, 279, 281, 284-285, 297, 302, 323, 327, 329-332, 335, 338-340

Ladā 270

La Mecque 13-14, 19, 67, 93, 164-165, 186, 204, 215, 218-219, 221-225, 227-232, 234-237, 239, 241, 243, 246, 248-250, 253, 319-320, 327, 331-332, 336-337, 340-341

la Porte Voir Istanbul

Le Caire 13, 16, 19, 24, 29, 32, 34, 37, 55, 140-141, 151, 157, 164-165, 186, 192, 194, 201, 205, 207, 211, 216, 218-219, 221, 223, 227-229, 232, 234-236, 246-252, 333, 340

Lergam 278, 281

Libye 14, 16, 163

Logone 39, 100, 115, 117, 119, 264

Londres 47-49

M

Machina 278-279

Machrek 56-57, 150, 154, 168

Maġayh 302, 304

Maghreb 55-57, 78-79, 92, 145, 150-151, 154, 158, 168, 218, 221, 227, 316, 328, 340

Magumi 245

Makari 70

Makuria 189, 210

Mali 132, 136, 221, 230, 241, 249

Malte 185

Mamlūk 17, 28, 186, 221, 249, 293, 307, 309, 312, 340

Manawāši 243, 245

Mandara 35, 70, 76, 83, 86-87, 90, 92, 97-98, 111, 118, 120-123, 125-127, 140, 174, 176-177, 180, 189, 193, 285, 302-303, 320, 332

Manga 116, 267, 275, 277, 281

Manse 243

Margi 70, 83, 92, 111, 125, 303-304

Maroc 16-17, 19, 29-30, 32-34, 57, 61, 87, 131, 145, 147, 151-152, 159-160, 164-167, 187, 192, 205, 221, 226, 228-229, 231, 258, 267, 315, 321, 332

Marseille 202

Matankari 36

Matsena 116

Mauritanie 19, 58, 61, 186, 189, 230

Médine 67, 76, 93, 218-219, 221, 232, 250, 319

Mer
Égée 152
Méditerranée 17, 28, 89, 118-119, 131, 142-143, 146, 151-152, 154, 185-186, 206, 258, 324, 331-333
Rouge 19, 132, 136, 142, 202, 208, 210, 224, 230, 237, 239-240, 257, 331-333

Milimīlih 121, 334

Monguno 278

Moyen-Orient 89, 151, 210, 231

Mubi 193

Mughal 221

Munyo 125, 265, 291

Murī 294, 304

Murzuk 163, 231

N

Ngizim 28, 31, 70, 72, 75, 81, 85-86, 94, 174-175, 182, 200, 212, 264-265, 270, 273, 281, 284-285, 287, 290-293, 307, 338-339

Nguru 270, 278, 281, 290, 324

Niger (fleuve) 90, 128, 164, 211-212, 257, 331-332
delta intérieur du 17, 102, 132, 339

Niger (pays) 13, 16, 36, 153, 241, 331

Nigeria 13, 45, 48-50, 112, 120, 127-128, 153, 194, 230, 331
État de Bauchi 175
de Kano 123
de Yobe 193
de Zamfara 36, 214
du Borno (actuel) 182
Nord-48-49, 51-52

Nil 90, 131-132, 136, 147, 183, 208, 210, 239-241, 257, 321, 332

Njimi 16, 29, 65, 67, 72, 76, 261, 264, 273, 285

Nubie 132, 189, 210-211

O

Ottoman 17, 19, 29-30, 32-35, 37, 114, 145, 151-152, 154, 157, 159-160, 163-164, 197, 206, 208, 215, 217-218, 221, 226-227, 231, 240, 247-249, 288, 304, 307-308, 315, 318, 333, 340

P

péninsule Arabique 19, 87, 89-90, 210, 257, 303, 316, 331

Proche Orient 89-90

Propaganda Fide 211

Q

Qādirīya Voir ṭarīqa Qādirīya

Qurayš 315-319

R

Raguse 190

Régences ottomanes, barbaresques 17, 160, 185

Rūru 229, 260-261, 264, 293

S

Sabalġutuh 304

Šāḏiliya Voir ṭarīqa Šāḏiliya

Safavides 221

Sahara 15, 19, 24, 28-30, 33-34, 38-39, 54-55, 58, 61, 69, 74, 89-90, 92, 94, 119, 131-132, 134-135, 142-147, 149-154, 156-160, 163-165, 169-170, 173, 185, 189-192, 195, 197, 201, 204-207, 216, 221, 232, 235-237, 239, 241, 245-248, 264, 277, 279, 308, 312, 314, 320, 323, 325, 331-333, 336-337, 340-341

Sahel 22, 24, 31, 35, 40, 45, 49, 54, 61, 83, 90, 102, 119, 128, 130-135, 137, 140, 142, 150, 152, 157-159, 173, 190, 192, 196, 212, 218, 220, 238-241, 246, 284, 325, 328, 331-333, 335, 339, 341
central 14, 36, 44, 49, 98, 112, 116, 119, 138, 140, 174, 179, 190, 193, 197, 225, 257, 274, 314, 341
occidental 332
oriental 239, 241, 332

Saw 28, 31, 80-82, 84-85, 92, 113-114, 270-271, 273, 282, 297, 304, 330
Ġafatā 31, 64, 69-70, 72, 84, 107, 113-114, 116, 122, 134, 179-180, 270, 273, 282, 284, 308, 329-330, 338-339
Tatālā 70, 94, 107, 110, 115-116, 180, 191, 307, 334

Sawakin 237, 320

Seljuq 240

Sénégal 189, 332

Sennar 39, 140, 147, 208, 211, 229, 239-241

Sijilmasa 164

Sīkī Dānanamah 288, 290, 294

Sīruh 285

Siwa 165

Sodom 87

Sokoto (califat) 44, 116, 137, 166, 187, 193-194, 214, 218, 241, 291, 312, 328

Songhay 29, 132, 136, 149, 221, 249, 252, 318, 332, 338

Soudan(géographie) 119, 142, 154, 167, 191, 193

Soudan (pays) 177, 231, 237, 241, 243-244, 259

Sud-Soudan 177

Suluwā, Sūluwā 110, 294

Šām (Syrie) 317

T

Tabūk 66-67, 87, 93

Taghaza 165

Tajura 29

Takedda 165

Takrūr 133, 223-224, 227, 232, 247, 250, 300

Tawātih 110

Teda/Tubu 32, 68, 75, 78, 81, 83, 92, 94, 118, 125, 144-146, 149, 157, 159-163, 168-170, 181, 197-198, 200-201, 208, 275, 304, 307, 330, 333-334

Ténéré (désert du) 147, 333

Tibesti 19, 83, 97, 120, 123, 125, 142, 146-147, 149-150, 157, 161, 166, 168, 170, 177-178, 197, 332-333

Togo 153

Tombouctou 17, 19, 58, 61, 140, 147, 149, 164-165, 184, 187, 201, 212, 333

Tripoli 14-15, 17, 19, 28-30, 32, 34-40, 47, 57, 94, 119, 122, 127, 145, 147, 150-152, 154, 156-158, 163-165, 167-168, 170, 183, 185-187, 190, 192, 194, 201, 204-208, 216, 240, 252, 293, 309, 322, 324, 340
occupation espagnole 29, 154

Tripolitaine 87, 322

Tsotsébaki 324

Touareg 38, 68, 70, 75, 78, 83, 92, 94, 116-118, 125, 144-145, 149-150, 156, 160-163, 166-168, 170, 196-199, 201, 208, 241, 265, 307, 316, 330, 333-334

Tubba al-’awwāl 318

Tunis, Tunisie 16-17, 19, 29, 32, 57, 142, 150-151, 154, 157, 163, 185, 192, 197, 206, 252, 333

Twat 19, 28, 30, 32, 34, 145, 147, 149, 157, 159-160, 164, 166-168, 201, 205

U

Uri (royaume d’) 168

V

Venise 151, 223, 252

Volta 19, 36, 161, 202, 212, 275, 335

W

Waday 17, 19, 36, 39, 118, 140, 142, 147, 168, 208, 210, 239, 243, 245, 257, 320, 332

Waddān 66-67, 93, 163

Walata 147, 165

Wandala Voir Mandara

Wangara 136

Wara 239 Waro 278, 281, 284

Y

Yadseram 176, 267, 278, 281

Yamtih 302, 304

Yémen 221, 231, 240, 303, 311-312, 316-320

Z

Zabadū, Zibaduwā 269

Zaghawa 15, 215

Zantam, Zamtam 264

Zimbam 270, 290-291