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Exploring the Interior

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Karl S. Guthke

Index

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Abyssinia 3, 104, 147, 319

Adam (Biblical) 27, 41, 188–189, 193–194, 230

Adelung, Johann Christoph 20–21, 79

Africa 4, 28–29, 86, 106

Age of Discovery 3–4. See also Second Age of Discovery

Agrippa 25

Allingham, Margery 292

America. See New World

Americans, Native (Indians) 7–8, 38–54, 57, 61, 70, 73, 87, 102, 106, 113, 157–179, 187, 300. See also Traven, B.

declared human 4–5, 21, 41

devil worship practiced by 36–37, 42–45

theological status of 41–42, 45, 177

Anson, George 132

Antilles 20, 134

antipodes 41, 187

Aotourou 87–88

Arabia 3–4, 28, 94, 104

Arabic language 89

Arabs 113

Arcadia 7, 245, 261

Aristotle 27, 226

Arnim, Achim von 102

Asia 22, 28–29, 95, 101, 106, 134

Astley, Thomas 82–83

astronomy. See extraterrestrial worlds

Atlantic Ocean 21, 30, 37, 46

Aufenanger, Jörg 150

Augustine, St. 25, 49

Austin, Sarah 128

Australia 4, 97, 115, 131, 133

Austria 28, 139

Bacon, Francis 25

Bancroft, George 119, 129, 144

Banks, Joseph 79, 85, 92

barbarism 4, 6, 21, 78, 104, 147, 151 in Schiller’s Jungfrau von Orleans 242, 246–249, 251, 253–261 of Europeans 6, 21, 151

Baudin, Nicolas 97–98

Bellerman, Ludwig 288

Benn, Gottfried 319

Benzoni, Girolamo 32, 34, 42–45, 49, 53

Berkeley, George 197

Berkeley, William 60–61

Bertuch, Friedrich 84, 107, 124

Bible 30, 40–41, 190, 206, 210, 305

Bielfeld, Jakob Friedrich von 207

Bildung. See global education;
see humanistic education;
see self-cultivation

Binswanger, Otto 327–329, 332–334

Bitterli, Urs 7, 105

Black, Jeremy 119

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich 80–82, 84, 86, 92, 109, 147

Boisserée, Sulpiz 125

Böldicke, Joachim 191

Bonnet, Charles 199, 234, 236

Book of Common Prayer 61, 63

Boston 58–59, 69–73, 75, 120, 128–129

Boswell, James 89

botanical gardens 79

Böttiger, Karl August 122, 136, 274

Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de 87–88, 92, 96

Boyle, Robert 94

Bradley, James 230

Brant, Sebastian 27, 41

Brazil 4, 30, 40, 131, 133, 149

Bristol, Frederick Augustus Hervey, Lord 127, 134, 151

Brockes, Barthold Hinrich 197, 229, 234

Browne, Thomas 210

Bruford, W. H. 105, 131, 144, 148

Bruno, Giordano 189, 196–197, 230

Büchergilde Gutenberg 153, 157, 163

Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de 79, 88, 198

Burdett, George 58, 64–69

Burke, Edmund 3–4, 6, 9, 77–78, 104, 109, 112, 147–148, 151

Burr, Aaron 119–120, 137

Burroughs, William S. 293

Burton, Richard 4

Burton, Robert 189

Butler, George 120, 136, 144–145

Byron, George Gordon, Lord 123–124, 127–128, 137, 141, 145

Byron, John 93–95

Calamy, Edmund 60, 63

Calcutta 90

California 86

Calles, Plutarco Elías 165, 173

Calvert, George 119, 127, 129, 142, 144

Calvinism 44, 49, 59

Cambridge 57–76, 120, 122, 205

Campe, Johann Heinrich 84, 116

cannibals, cannibalism 6, 19–22, 33, 35, 37–40, 42, 44, 52, 77, 87–88, 112, 114

Canning, George 134

Caribbean Islands 20, 30, 86–87

Caribs 19–20

Carl August, Duke of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach 114, 120, 150

Carlyle, Thomas 121, 127–129, 142

Carteret, Philip 93–95

Cassini, Jacques 212

Catholicism 42, 44, 46, 48, 175–176, 178

Chamisso, Adelbert von 107

Chandler, Raymond 295

Charles II, King of England 69, 315

Charles V, Emperor 39

Chatwin, Bruce 4

Chauveton, Urbain 42–44, 49

Chekhov, Anton 198

Chesterton, G. K. 298, 311

Chiapas 160, 163–164

China 3, 10, 22, 36, 78, 81, 86, 89, 102, 104, 114, 147

Christie, Agatha 106, 292, 301–305, 311, 314

Church Fathers 30, 41, 49

Church of England 58, 60, 199

Clare College 58, 134

Clare, Michael 133–134

Clarke, Arthur C. 184

Clark, William 4

Claudel, Paul 230

Cogswell, Joseph 119, 128–130, 133, 145

Cohn, Paul 321, 329

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 11, 127

Columbus, Christopher 3, 8, 20–21, 31–32, 34, 36–37, 46, 50, 187, 221

conquistadors 54–55, 95, 106, 166, 246, 260

German 37–54

Protestant view of 48–55

Constantinople 28–29, 115, 134

Cook, James 4–5, 8, 80, 87, 89, 91, 95–96, 101, 106–116

Cooper, James Fenimore 121

Cortés, Hernán 31–32, 34, 174

Cromwell, Henry 63

Cromwell, Oliver 63, 71–72, 75

Davy, Jane 127

Defoe, Daniel 7

Degérando, Joseph-Marie 89, 92, 97–99, 108

Des Voeux, Charles 128

Díaz, Porfirio 165, 171, 174

Dichterfürst (Poet Prince) 124, 130–131, 138–146

as comic figure 131, 143, 146–147

Diderot, Denis 88, 207, 228, 234

Dirks, Nicholas 104

Donne, John 190

Dörffel, Georg Samuel 226

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor 320

Dover, New Hampshire 66–68

Downes, George 123, 136, 138

Doyle, Athur Conan 294, 309, 314

Drake, Francis 22

Dryander, Johann 41, 49, 52

Dublin 60, 63, 64, 121

Dupin, Charles 127

Dürrenmatt, Friedrich 296

Dusch, Johann Jakob 209, 214

dying words. See last words

Ebeling, Christoph Daniel 82

Eckermann, Johann Peter 118, 120, 122, 134–136, 138–139, 149

Edelmann, Johann Christian 211, 228

Edgerton, Robert 7, 113

Egede, Hans 87

Egypt 78, 80–81, 114, 131, 133, 149, 176

Ehrmann, Theophil 109

Eliot, T. S. 5

Elysium 245, 261

Emmanuel College 58

Englishmen as world travellers 8, 115, 117–126, 132, 134–135

Enlightenment 3, 5–7, 9, 78, 103, 110–112, 195–197, 205, 207, 217, 236, 337

Ersch, Johann Samuel 85

ethnological horizons, expansion of 9–10, 77–99, 147, 189. See also geographical horizons, expansion of

Eve (Biblical) 27, 188–189, 193

Everett, Edward 122, 129

extraterrestrial worlds 10–11, 14, 183–203, 210, 222–224, 227, 230, 233–234

and the glory of God 199

Christian theology and 188, 193

Copernicanism and 10, 185–188, 201, 210

Lessing and 210, 222–224, 230, 236

migration of souls to 199, 223, 230–236, 236

nightmares 11, 185, 188, 196–197

utopias 11, 188, 192, 194, 197, 200–201

Faustbuch 21–55

Eurocentrism of 29, 45–53

Federmann, Nicolaus 33, 38–40, 43, 45, 49–51

Ferguson, James 198

Fernández-Armesto, Felipe 147

Fontane, Theodor 14, 138

Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de 187, 196, 207, 234

Förster, Bernhard 321, 325

Forster, Georg 4, 7–9, 80, 84–86, 90–92, 99, 101–104, 106–108, 110, 112, 132, 147

Forster, Johann Reinhold 80, 82, 85

Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth 12, 321–336

creation of the Nietzsche Myth 327–336

diagnosis of Nietzsche’s collapse 321–327, 329, 332

Francis, Dick 124, 199, 314

Franck, Sebastian 31, 39, 48

Franklin, Benjamin 211

Franklin, John 4

French Revolution 264–266, 268–269

Froriep, Ludwig Friedrich von 144

Fuller, Andrew 191

Galilei, Galileo 183, 186–187, 190

Galland, Antoine 84, 90

Gauguin, Paul 5, 9, 11, 14

Geertz, Clifford 113

geographical horizons, expansion of 3, 5, 9–10, 21–23, 29, 32, 34, 37, 46–47, 50, 54, 77–99, 102–105, 147, 189. See also ethnological horizons

Goethe and 21, 117–152

in Faustbuch 21, 23, 29, 34, 46–47, 50

in Wagnerbuch 22, 34, 46

through German conquistadors 37–40

Giesecke, Charles 121

Gilbert, W. S. 131, 143

Gillies, R. P. 121, 125, 127, 129, 142, 144–146

global education 9, 77–99, 102, 105–106, 110–116, 148

and schoolbooks 84, 116

ethnologists and 85–86, 88

geographers and 84–85

Goethe and 114–115, 117–152

public intellectuals and 111–114

Godwin, Francis 199–200

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang (von) 5, 8–9, 11, 14, 19–21, 81, 84–85, 90–91, 114–115, 117–152, 183, 202, 205, 207, 222, 242–243, 257, 276, 315

Goethe, Ottilie 115, 120, 122–124, 134–135, 141

Golden Age 7

Gottsched, Johann Christoph 194, 207

Granville, August Bozzi 124, 133, 141, 143

‘Great Map of Mankind’ 3, 9, 77, 82, 104, 109, 147

Great Yarmouth 64–65

Green, John 82

Greenland 81, 87, 111

Gruber, Johann Gottfried 80, 82, 109

Guinea 22

Haller, Albrecht von 5, 10, 79, 82–85, 87, 92, 94, 111–112, 115, 197, 205, 207, 210, 220

Hamilton, William 132

Handke, Peter 296

Harrison, Thomas 58, 60–64

Harvard College Library 115, 130, 133

Hazlitt, William 128, 315

Heeren, Arnold 86, 108

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 11, 109

Heller, Erich 12

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien 6, 88

Herder, Johann Gottfried 5, 7, 78, 82, 84, 112–115, 140, 144, 199, 207, 234

Hermes, Karl Heinrich 78, 84, 116

Hill, David 211

Hill, Reginald 315

Hoffmann, E. T. A. 298

Holstein-Gottorp, Wilhelm August von 85

Homer 208, 224, 226, 297

Huarte, Juan 213, 217

Hulsius, Levinus 31, 41, 49, 51

humanistic education 78, 99, 101–116, 135, 148–152

Humboldt, Alexander von 4, 92, 94, 110–111, 132

Humboldt, Wilhelm von 105, 108

Hutten, Philipp von 21, 33, 38–40, 45, 50

Hüttner, Johann Christian 114, 150

Huygens, Christiaan 198, 230

indios. See Traven, B.

Iffland, August Wilhelm 270–271, 275–276, 282

Im Hof, Ulrich 3, 147

incommensurability of non-Europeans 5, 8

India 10, 22, 28–29, 38, 81, 86, 91, 101

Industrial Workers of the World 153

Ireland 57, 63, 69, 126

Irving, Washington 121

Irwin, Robert 103

Iselin, Isaak 82, 109

Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich 150, 234, 236

Jacobinism 269–270

Jahnn, Hans Henny 296

Jamaica 131, 133

Japan 78, 90, 114

Jöcher, Christian Gottlieb 214, 221

Johnson, Samuel 89, 103, 133

Jones, William 89–90

journals, ethnological and geographical 84–85

Kaempfer, Engelbert 90

Kant, Immanuel 7, 10–11, 84, 86, 107, 112–113, 136, 199, 274, 332, 334

Kästner, Abraham Gotthelf 82, 213, 223

Kemble, John 143

Kepler, Johannes 187, 189–191

Kies, Johann 214

Kiffhaber, Hans 49

Kindermann, Eberhard Christian 192–193

King’s College 58

Kinnaird, Douglas 125

Kircher, Athanasius 190, 194

Klimm, Johann Albert 212–213

Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb 193, 198–199

Klotz, Christian Adolf 214

Knebel, Carl Ludwig von 140

Könneker, Barbara 23–25, 34, 46

Kristeva, Julia 6

Lahontan, Louis-Armand de 7

Lamb, Charles 127–128

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de 211, 217, 220, 228

Lange, Samuel Gotthold 208

languages, non-European 89, 96 study of 89

translations from 90

La Pérouse, Jean-François de 96–97, 147

Lapland 36, 201, 212

last words 12, 117, 256, 260, 289–317

and crime 290–292

and the law 291–292

clues in detective fiction 293, 295–311, 317

parodies of 296–297, 310–311, 315–316

red herrings in detective fiction 294, 297, 302, 304, 306, 310–312

truth in 291–292, 297, 314

Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 59, 64–67

Lawrence, James Henry 128, 133

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 196, 228

Leichardt, Friedrich Wilhelm 4

Léry, Jean de 42–44

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 10, 14, 205–236

and astronomy 222–236

and extraterrestrial worlds 210, 215, 222–224, 227, 230–236

and natural history 215–222

Lever, Charles 136, 142

Lévy-Strauss, Claude 4

Lewes, G. H. 128, 141

Lewis, Matthew G. 114, 128, 137

Lewis, Meriwether 4

libraries, travelogues held in 79, 81–82

Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph 6, 8, 21, 78, 87, 105, 112

Linné, Carl von 79

literary life. See world literature

Livingstone, David 4

Locke, John 196

Lockhart, J. G. 127–128, 136

Lockman, John 86

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 121

Lupton, Harry 132

Luque, Francisco Herrera 21

Lutheranism 24–25, 27, 32, 36–37, 40, 43–44, 46, 48, 53, 87, 210, 228–229

Macdonald, James 122, 127

MacDonald, Philip 305

Mann, Thomas 11, 116, 131, 141, 151, 155, 172, 198, 202, 223, 241, 320

Marlowe, Christopher 22

Mars 183–184, 193, 201

Marut, Ret. See Traven, B.

Massachusetts 62, 65–67, 69–72, 74–75

Massuet, Pierre 209–210

Mather, Cotton 72

Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis 212, 226

Mead, Richard 217

Meiners, Christoph 82, 86, 109, 147

Melanchthon, Philipp 189

Mellish, Joseph Charles 121, 128

Melos, Johann Gottfried 122, 137

Mexico 30–31, 153–179

Michaelis, Johann David 85, 89, 92, 94

Milton, John 127, 202

Minerva 248, 251

Möbius, Paul Julius 321, 323

Montaigne, Michel de 6, 21, 87

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat 86, 207

Moon 186, 190–191, 193, 196, 199, 201

Mounier, Jean-Joseph 122

Moxon, George 58, 69–71

Moyes, Patricia 297

Müller, Friedrich von 120, 124

Münchhausen, Gerlach Adolph von 81

Münster, Sebastian 20, 31, 48

Murray, Charles 124–125, 127–128

museums, ethnological 79–80

Muthu, Sankar 103

Mylius, Christlob 94, 208, 214–215, 222–224

Napoleon 80, 89, 103, 119, 176

native habitats, recreated 80

Naumann, Christian Nikolaus 213

Naylor, Samuel 129, 140, 144

Nazis 151, 154, 156, 329

Neuber, Wolfgang 48

New England 57–76

New Hampshire 66, 74

Newton, Isaac 195–196, 208, 214, 222, 224, 226, 228–230, 290

New World 3–4, 7, 13, 15, 19–23, 29–55, 57–76, 94, 104, 106, 153–179, 187, 208, 214, 221, 265

knowledge of 20, 29–33, 35, 46, 49

Puritans in 57–76

New Zealand 3, 52, 77, 104, 147, 200

Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich 213

Nicolson, Marjorie 190

Niebuhr, Carsten 4, 92, 94–95

Nietzsche, Friedrich 12, 319–336

noble savage 6–7, 41, 168, 174

non-European continents 4, 7, 78–79, 82, 84, 86, 89–90, 99, 104, 110, 114, 147

and English travellers. See Englishmen as world travellers assembling knowledge of 4, 79–84

diffusion of knowledge of 85–91, 104, 106, 110

interior of 4, 13, 39

languages of. See languages populations of 7, 9, 13–14, 104, 106, 147

Nouvelle Cythère 7, 88, 113

Novalis 6, 11, 202

Nussbaum, Felicity A. 105

Nussbaum, Martha C. 15

O’Hara, Anthony 127, 133

Omai 87, 112

Oporin, Joachim 228

Orton, Joe 297

Osterhammel, Jürgen 110

Oxford 122, 291

Pacific Ocean 7, 111

Paine, Thomas 189, 194, 198, 230

Pallas, Peter Simon 95–96

Paracelsus 25, 41

Paradise 7, 29, 191–193

Paraguay 12, 40, 102, 319–334

Park, Mungo 4

Parry, John H. 4, 104, 124, 147

Pascal, Blaise 190

Paul III, Pope 4, 21, 33, 41, 187

Pauw, Cornelius de 7

Pembroke College 58

Péron, François 97–98

Persia 3, 28–29, 78, 104, 114, 147, 149

Persian language 89

Peru 22, 30

Phillips, Adam 6

‘philosophical traveller’ 4, 98, 103, 106

Pizarro, Francisco 34

Plath, Johann Heinrich 86

Plato 101, 141, 236

Plessner, Helmuth 115

Poe, Edgar Allen 292–294

Polo, Marco 3

Polynesia 5, 9, 201

Pope, Alexander 98, 106, 195

Pratt, Mary Louise 110

Pronzini, Bill 308

Protestantism 35, 37, 39–51, 54. See also conquistadors

encouraging exploration 48–49, 51, 54

provinciality, German 130, 136

Puritans 58, 60–62, 64, 66, 69, 71–73, 75–76

Pynchon, William 69–71

Pythagoras 235–236

Raleigh, Walter 22, 315

Rauw, Johann 49

Raynal, Guillaume 85–86

Reisende Deutsche, Der 12–13, 106

Reiske, Johann Jakob 89

Riemer, Friedrich Wilhelm 120

Rimbaud, Arthur 6, 319

Ritter, Carl 108

Robertson, William 3–4, 9, 104, 147

Robinson, Henry Crabb 125, 127–129, 141–144, 149

Rohmer, Sax 300

Rosetta Stone 80

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 78, 102, 108, 207–208

Russell, John 139, 145

Said, Edward 103

Sale, George 90

Salem, Massachussetts 65–66

Sandall, Roger 7, 113

Sandberg, Richard 323–324, 327–328, 331, 335

‘savages’ 6–7, 33, 41–43, 45, 51, 77, 88, 98–99, 102–103, 133–134, 148, 168, 174. See also noble savage

Schedel, Hartmann 47–48

Scherer, Wilhelm 207

Schiller, Friedrich 11–12, 119, 129, 202, 207, 220, 239–262, 263–288

Die Jungfrau von Orleans 12, 239–261. See also barbarism, in Schiller’s Jungfrau von Orleans chauvinism in 246–248, 252, 259–260

ideological readings of 243–247

paganism in 248, 250, 256

psychological reading of 248–261

Wilhelm Tell 239–241

Schlözer, August Ludwig 82, 86, 109

Schmeitzel, Martin 12

Schmeller, Johann Joseph 121

Schmidel, Ulrich 33, 39–41, 44–45, 49, 51

Schnitzler, Arthur 11

Schönemann, Friedrich 12

Schulz, Dutch 293

Schulz, Gerhard 150

Schütze, Jochen 150

Scott, Walter 123, 127–128, 145

Second Age of Discovery 4–5, 7, 77, 87

self-cultivation (Bildung) 78, 84–85, 91, 99, 101–105, 107–116, 135, 148–150, 152

Seymour, George 129

Shakespeare, William 139–141, 202, 239, 275, 291

Shaw, George Bernard 241–242, 296

Shelley, Percy Bysshe 142, 189, 230

Siddons, Sarah 143

Sidney Sussex College 58–61, 64, 69, 72, 76

Skinner, David 127

Sloane, Hans 80, 85, 90, 92

Snow, C. P. 205

Soret, Frédéric 120–121, 124, 139

Southey, Robert 127

South Sea Islands 8, 52, 87, 112, 132, 147

Speke, John 4

Spencer, Edmund 132

Staden, Hans 33, 38–41, 43, 45, 49, 52–53

Staël, Anne-Louise-Germaine de 119, 128

Steiner, Rudolf 325

stereotypes, ethnological 6, 8

Sterling, Charles 127, 134

Sullivan, Arthur 131, 143

Swedenborg, Emanuel 200, 233

Swift, Jonathan 197, 315

Swifte, William 120, 132, 140

Tahiti 5, 7, 88, 110, 113, 201

Tamaulipas 153, 155, 178

Tampico 155, 160–161, 172

Tartary 3, 28, 104

Taylor, William 121

Thackeray, William Makepeace 119, 121–123, 128, 137, 141–142, 146

Thoreau, Henry David 103

Ticknor, George 120, 122, 127, 129, 137, 144–145

travel, exploratory. See travelogues

travelogues 79, 81–93, 107–108, 111, 115–116, 132–133, 151, 168. See also libraries

collections of 79, 82, 107, 116

critical evaluation of 83

instructions for 81, 92–99

Traven, B. 153–179

Mexican novels, social issues in 160–163

Mexican stories, representations of indios in 166–179

representation of government in 162, 173–175

representation of the Catholic Church in 175–178

Trithemius 25

Turkey 28–31

universal histories 79, 82

universalism, anthropological 5, 111

‘universe within’ 11–12, 14, 202

Van Dine, S. S. 295, 312

Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August 129

Venezuela 21, 30, 38–40

Venn, J. A. 60–61, 64, 69, 72

Venn, John 60–61, 64, 69, 72

Venus 184, 194, 201

Vespucci, Amerigo 20, 31–32, 87

Virginia 57–63, 128

Volney, Constantin-François 89, 92

Voltaire 82, 86, 195, 207, 234

Volz, Pia Daniela 325, 327, 329

Wagnerbuch 22, 25, 32–37, 40, 43, 45–46, 48, 53–54

Wald, George 184

Wallis, John 93–95

Warden, D. B. 128

Wehler, Hans Ulrich 148

Weimar, in the Age of Goethe 114–115, 117–152

Weimar Republic 154–156, 165

Wells, H. G. 74, 187, 189

Welser family 32, 39

Wheelwright, John 58, 72–75

Wieland, Christoph Martin 5, 111–113, 135, 147, 209

Wilde, Oscar 315, 319

Wilkins, Charles 89–90

Wilkins, John 201

Willoughby, L. A. 122

Wilson, Miles 192–194, 199

Winthrop, John 62, 66–68, 70, 74

Wolff, Christian 195, 200

Wordsworth, William 121, 127–128, 142

world literature 117, 126, 128

world literature, as ‘intellectual trade relations’ 125–130

Young, Edward 196, 198

Zedler, Johann Heinrich 19–20

zoos 79

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