• Contenu principal
  • Menu
OpenEdition Books
  • Accueil
  • Catalogue de 16075 livres
  • Éditeurs
  • Auteurs
  • Facebook
  • X
  • Partager
    • Facebook

    • X

    • Accueil
    • Catalogue de 16075 livres
    • Éditeurs
    • Auteurs
  • Ressources numériques en sciences humaines et sociales

    • OpenEdition
  • Nos plateformes

    • OpenEdition Books
    • OpenEdition Journals
    • Hypothèses
    • Calenda
  • Bibliothèques

    • OpenEdition Freemium
  • Suivez-nous

  • Lettre d’information
OpenEdition Search

Redirection vers OpenEdition Search.

À quel endroit ?
  • Open Book Publishers
  • ›
  • OBP collection
  • ›
  • What Works in Conservation 2018
  • ›
  • 11. Some aspects of enhancing natural pe...
  • ›
  • 11.3. Arable farming
  • Open Book Publishers
  • Open Book Publishers
    Open Book Publishers
    Informations sur la couverture
    Table des matières
    Liens vers le livre
    Informations sur la couverture
    Table des matières
    Formats de lecture

    Plan

    Plan détaillé Texte intégral Beneficial Trade-off between benefit and harms Unlikely to be beneficial Likely to be ineffective or harmful

    What Works in Conservation 2018

    Ce livre est recensé par

    Précédent Suivant
    Table des matières

    11.3. Arable farming

    p. 571-575

    Texte intégral Beneficial ● Combine trap and repellent crops in a push-pull system Trade-off between benefit and harms ● Use crop rotation in potato farming systems Unlikely to be beneficial ● Create beetle banks Likely to be ineffective or harmful ● Incorporate plant remains into the soil that produce weed-controlling chemicals

    Texte intégral

    Image

    Beneficial

    ● Combine trap and repellent crops in a push-pull system

    1• Parasitism: Two randomized, replicated, controlled studies from Kenya found that push-pull cropping systems increased parasitism of stem borer larvae. One of the studies found no effect on egg parasitism.

    2• Natural enemies: Two randomized, replicated, controlled studies from Kenya and South Africa found push-pull systems had more natural predators, both in overall totals and the abundance of different predator groups.

    3• Pests: Two of three studies (two randomized, replicated, controlled) in Ethiopia, Kenya and South Africa found fewer pests. One study found no effect on pest infestation, but pests were scarce throughout. Two replicated, controlled studies (one also randomized) found fewer witchweeds.

    4• Crop damage: Two of three replicated, controlled studies (one randomized) found less pest damage, but one study (where pest numbers were low) found effects varied between years and types of damage symptom.

    5• Yield: Four of five replicated, controlled studies (two also randomized) found higher yields and one found no effect.

    6• Profit and cost: Two studies in Kenya and a review found greater economic benefits. One study found higher production costs in the first year, but equal or lower costs in the following five years.

    7• Crops studied: maize and beans.

    8• Assessment: beneficial (effectiveness 70%; certainty 68%; harms 5%).

    9http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/753

    Trade-off between benefit and harms

    ● Use crop rotation in potato farming systems

    10• Pests: Nine studies from Canada and the USA and one review investigated the effect of crop rotation on pest or pathogen populations in potato. Three studies (including two replicated studies of which one randomized and one controlled) and a review found crop rotation reduced pest populations and crop diseases in at least one year or at least one site. One paired study found pest populations increased in crop rotation. Four studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled trial) found increases and decreases in pest populations depending on rotation crops used and other treatments. One replicated, randomized, controlled study6 found no effect.

    11• Yield: Three out of five studies (all replicated, controlled, two also randomized) from Canada and the USA, found that crop rotation increased crop yield in some years or with certain rotation crops. The two other studies (both replicated, one also randomized and one replicated) found yield increases and decreases depending on rotation crops used.

    12• Profit: One replicated, controlled study found that crop rotation increased profit.

    13• Insecticides: Two studies (one replicated, controlled) found that fewer insecticide treatments were needed on rotated plots.

    14• Crops studied: alfalfa, barley, broccoli, brown mustard, buckwheat, cotton, lupins, maize, oats, pearl millet, peas, potato, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, timothy grass, wheat and yellow sweet clover.

    15• Assessment: trade-offs between benefits and harms (effectiveness 50%; certainty 50%; harms 25%).

    16http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/719

    Unlikely to be beneficial

    ● Create beetle banks

    17• Natural enemies in fields: Six studies from Canada, the UK and USA (three replicated, controlled, of which two were also randomized) examined the effects on predator numbers in adjacent crops. A review found that predators increased in adjacent crops, but one study found effects varied with time and another found no effect. Two studies found small or slow movements of predators from banks to crops. One study found greater beetle activity in fields but this did not improve pest predation.

    18• Natural enemies on banks: Four studies and a review found more invertebrate predators on beetle banks than in surrounding crops, but one of these found that effects varied with time.

    19• Eight studies from the UK and USA (including two randomized, replicated, controlled trials and two reviews) compared numbers of predatory invertebrates on beetle banks with other refuge habitats. Two studies found more natural enemies on beetle banks, but one of these found only seasonal effects. One review found similar or higher numbers of predators on beetle banks and four studies found similar or lower numbers.

    20• Pests: A replicated, randomized, controlled study and a review found the largest pest reductions in areas closest to a beetle bank or on the beetle bank itself. One review found fewer pests in fields with than without a beetle bank.

    21• Economics: One replicated, randomized, controlled trial and a review showed that beetle banks could make economic savings if they prevented pests from reaching a spray threshold or causing 5% yield loss.

    22• Beetle bank design: Two studies from the UK found certain grass species held higher numbers of predatory invertebrates than others.

    23• Crops studied: barley, field bean, maize, oats, pasture, pea, radish, rapeseed, soybean and wheat.

    24• Assessment: unlikely to be beneficial (effectiveness 25%; certainty 60%; harms 10%).

    25http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/729

    Likely to be ineffective or harmful

    ● Incorporate plant remains into the soil that produce weed-controlling chemicals

    26• Weeds: Six studies (including six randomized, replicated, controlled tests) from Asia, Europe and North America examined the effect of allelopathic plant residues on weeds by comparing amended soils with weeded controls. Three studies found a reduction in weed growth, and three found effects varied between years, weed groups, or type of weeding method in controls.

    27• Four studies from Asia and North America examined the effect on weeds by comparing amended soils with unweeded controls. Two studies found a reduction in weed growth, but one found that residues applied too far in advance of crop planting had the reverse effect.

    28• Two studies found that effects varied between trials, weed species or the type of residue used.

    29• Weed control: Two studies, including one randomized, replicated, controlled laboratory study, found that the decrease in weeds did not last beyond a few days or weeks after residue incorporation.

    30• Pests: One randomized, replicated, controlled study in the Philippines found mixed effects on pests.

    31• Crop growth: Two of three studies found that crop growth was inhibited by allelopathic residues, but these effects could be minimized by changing the timing of application. One study found effects varied between years.

    32• Yield: Three randomized, replicated, controlled studies compared crop yields in amended plots with weeded controls and found positive, negative and mixed effects. Three studies compared amended plots with unweeded controls, two found positive effects on yield and one found mixed effects (depending on crop type).

    33• Profit: One study found that amending soils increased profit compared to unweeded controls, but not compared to weeded controls.

    34• Crops studied: beans, cotton, maize, rice and wheat.

    35• Assessment: likely to be ineffective or harmful (effectiveness 39%; certainty 47%; harms 30%).

    36http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/728

    Précédent Suivant
    Table des matières

    Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0

    Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.

    Voir plus de livres
    Altering Eye

    Altering Eye

    Contemporary International Cinema

    Robert Phillip Kolker

    2009

    Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell

    Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell

    Murielle Lucie Clément (dir.)

    2010

    The End of the World

    The End of the World

    Apocalypse and its Aftermath in Western Culture

    Maria Manuel Lisboa

    2011

    Economic Fables

    Economic Fables

    Ariel Rubinstein

    2012

    Coleridge’s Laws

    Coleridge’s Laws

    A Study of Coleridge in Malta

    Barry Hough et Howard Davis

    2010

    Brownshirt Princess

    Brownshirt Princess

    A Study of the “Nazy Conscience”

    Lionel Gossman

    2009

    The End and the Beginning

    The End and the Beginning

    The Book of My Life

    Hermynia Zur Mühlen

    2010

    Bourdieu and Literature

    Bourdieu and Literature

    John R. W. Speller

    2011

    Telling Tales

    Telling Tales

    The Impact of Germany on English Children’s Books 1780-1918

    David Blamires

    2009

    That Greece Might Still Be Free

    That Greece Might Still Be Free

    The Philhellenes in the War of Independence

    William St Clair

    2008

    The Theatre of Shelley

    The Theatre of Shelley

    Jacqueline Mulhallen

    2010

    Henry James's Europe

    Henry James's Europe

    Heritage and Transfer

    Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray et Adrian Harding

    2011

    Voir plus de livres
    1 / 12
    Altering Eye

    Altering Eye

    Contemporary International Cinema

    Robert Phillip Kolker

    2009

    Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell

    Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell

    Murielle Lucie Clément (dir.)

    2010

    The End of the World

    The End of the World

    Apocalypse and its Aftermath in Western Culture

    Maria Manuel Lisboa

    2011

    Economic Fables

    Economic Fables

    Ariel Rubinstein

    2012

    Coleridge’s Laws

    Coleridge’s Laws

    A Study of Coleridge in Malta

    Barry Hough et Howard Davis

    2010

    Brownshirt Princess

    Brownshirt Princess

    A Study of the “Nazy Conscience”

    Lionel Gossman

    2009

    The End and the Beginning

    The End and the Beginning

    The Book of My Life

    Hermynia Zur Mühlen

    2010

    Bourdieu and Literature

    Bourdieu and Literature

    John R. W. Speller

    2011

    Telling Tales

    Telling Tales

    The Impact of Germany on English Children’s Books 1780-1918

    David Blamires

    2009

    That Greece Might Still Be Free

    That Greece Might Still Be Free

    The Philhellenes in the War of Independence

    William St Clair

    2008

    The Theatre of Shelley

    The Theatre of Shelley

    Jacqueline Mulhallen

    2010

    Henry James's Europe

    Henry James's Europe

    Heritage and Transfer

    Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray et Adrian Harding

    2011

    Accès ouvert

    Accès ouvert

    ePub

    PDF

    PDF du chapitre

    Acheter

    Édition imprimée

    Open Book Publishers
    • amazon.fr

    What Works in Conservation 2018

    X Facebook Email

    What Works in Conservation 2018

    Vous pouvez vous connecter à votre bibliothèque à l’adresse suivante : https://freemium.openedition.org/oebooks

    Suggérer l’acquisition à votre bibliothèque

    Si vous avez des questions, vous pouvez nous écrire à access[at]openedition.org

    What Works in Conservation 2018

    Vérifiez si votre bibliothèque a déjà acquis ce livre : authentifiez-vous à OpenEdition Freemium for Books.

    Vous pouvez suggérer à votre bibliothèque d’acquérir un ou plusieurs livres publiés sur OpenEdition Books. N’hésitez pas à lui indiquer nos coordonnées : access[at]openedition.org

    Vous pouvez également nous indiquer, à l’aide du formulaire suivant, les coordonnées de votre bibliothèque afin que nous la contactions pour lui suggérer l’achat de ce livre. Les champs suivis de (*) sont obligatoires.

    Veuillez, s’il vous plaît, remplir tous les champs.

    La syntaxe de l’email est incorrecte.

    Référence numérique du chapitre

    Format

    Sutherland, W. J., Dicks, L. V., Ockendon, N., Petrovan, S. O., & Smith, R. K. (éds.). (2018). 11.3. Arable farming. In What Works in Conservation 2018. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. Consulté à l’adresse https://books.openedition.org/obp/6782
    Sutherland, William J., Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, Silviu O. Petrovan, et Rebecca K. Smith, éd. « 11.3. Arable Farming ». In What Works in Conservation 2018. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://books.openedition.org/obp/6782.
    Sutherland, William J., et al., éditeurs. « 11.3. Arable Farming ». What Works in Conservation 2018, Open Book Publishers, 2018, https://books.openedition.org/obp/6782.

    Référence numérique du livre

    Format

    Sutherland, W. J., Dicks, L. V., Ockendon, N., Petrovan, S. O., & Smith, R. K. (éds.). (2018). What Works in Conservation 2018. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. Consulté à l’adresse https://books.openedition.org/obp/6257
    Sutherland, William J., Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, Silviu O. Petrovan, et Rebecca K. Smith, éd. What Works in Conservation 2018. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://books.openedition.org/obp/6257.
    Sutherland, William J., et al., éditeurs. What Works in Conservation 2018. Open Book Publishers, 2018, https://books.openedition.org/obp/6257.
    Compatible avec Zotero Zotero

    1 / 3

    Open Book Publishers

    Open Book Publishers

    • Plan du site
    • Se connecter

    Suivez-nous

    • Facebook
    • X
    • Flux RSS

    URL : http://www.openbookpublishers.com

    Email : a.tosi@openbookpublishers.com

    Adresse :

    40 Devonshire Road

    CB1 2BL

    Cambridge

    United Kingdom

    OpenEdition
    • Candidater à OpenEdition Books
    • Connaître le programme OpenEdition Freemium
    • Commander des livres
    • S’abonner à la lettre d’OpenEdition
    • CGU d’OpenEdition Books
    • Accessibilité : partiellement conforme
    • Données personnelles
    • Gestion des cookies
    • Système de signalement