Tellings and Texts
| ,Glossary
Texto completo
1abhang Marathi devotional song
2acharya religious master
3adhyay chapter of a book
4advaita non-dualistic
5ahl-e bait the family of the Prophet Muhammad
6‘alam standard that is part of Muharram commemoration of Imam Husain’s martyrdom
7alankara figure of speech
8alankarashastra lit. science of ornaments, rhetoric
9arilla short poetical form in Brajbhasha
10arthav exposition
11azan call to prayer
12bada notebook
13band baja music with brass band
14bandijan musician
15basti neighbourhood
16batin hidden, esoteric
17bayaz poetic scrapbook
18bhajan devotional song
19bhakha lit. language, term for Hindi
20bhaktamal biographical compilation of devotees and saints
21bhakti lit. “sharing”, devotion
22bhang drink laced with marijuana
23bhanita poet’s signature line at the end of a poem
24bhattarak head of Digambara Jain institution
25bhava emotion
26bhramargit lit. “songs of the bee”, song-poems in which Krishna is compared to a bee which sucks nectar from many flowers
27bol syllable, drum/dance mnemonic
28brahmachari celibate
29brahman the ultimate reality underlying all phenomena
30buzurg elder, important man
31charan panegyric singer and genealogist in the Rajput domains
32charya Bengali sung poem
33chaumasa, chaturmasa the four months of the rainy season, in which itinerant ascetics do not travel
34chaupai quatrain
35daitya, dait race of giants who fought against the gods; in Persian translations of Sanskrit texts usually assimilated to asuras and rakshasas, demons
36dapha genre of Newar devotional singing
37darbar court
38dargah lit. threshhold, sufi shrine, see also khanqah
39darshan polysemic word, may mean ritual and mutual viewing of god/spiritual master and devotee or system of philosophy
40dastan story
41devata god
42dhadhi musician specialising in drum and sarangi accompaniment and panegyric and martial singing
43dharma religious duty
44dhatu the melodic component of a song (as in dhatu-matu)
45dhrupad (also dhurpad) preeminent courtly song genre in Braj language
46dhyana, ragadhyana poetical description of the iconic form of a raga (see below)
47din faith
48divan, diwan book of poetry
49doha verse couplet
50drishtant example, verse used as an example
51dunya, duniya the world
52gaddi seat
53ghazal Persian and Urdu lyrical poem
54gita song
55goshti, goshthi (religious) discussion
56gotra clan lineage
57gunigana knowledgeable audience
58guru master, teacher
59guthi voluntary society
60gyan goshti knowledge discussion
61hadis traditions of the Prophet
62hun kar lit. “hmm”, listener’s assent that prompts a storyteller to continue
63‘ibadat worship
64imam the twelve leaders of Shi‘a Islam; leader of a mosque
65imambara, imambargah Shi‘a commemoration hall
66islah critique and correction of poetry
67jati caste, community (see also qaum)
68jawab response (as in call and response, Q & A)
69jinn spirits, lower than the angels, who appear in human and animal form
70kahani story
71kalam discourse
72kalawant hereditary court musician of high status
73kalima, kalma Muslim declaration of faith
74karamat miracles performed by saints
75Karbala location of a battle in 680 CE which gave rise to the split between Sunnis and Shi‘is and which Shi‘is commemorate every year during the month of Muharram
76karma lit. action, and the consequences that each action has in one’s past, present, or future existence
77katha story
78kathak, kathakar, kathavachak storyteller (kathak only began to designate a dance form in the twentieth century)
79kavi poet
80kavitt, kavitta poem, which may also be sung
81kavya poetry
82Kayasth professional scribal caste
83khanqah sufi monastery, see also dargah
84khandan family, hereditary lineage
85khatima concluding section of a text
86Khatri professional caste of scribes and merchants
87khayal virtuosic courtly song genre
88kinnara celestial musician in Buddhist and Hindu mythology
89kirtan religious song form
90kirtankar religious public performer of kirtan
91lazzat taste, pleasure (see also zauq)
92lila dance, play
93madrasa school, teaching institution
94mahant head of a monastery (math)
95mahatmya text describing the greatness of a place, a god/goddess, or a sacred text
96mahfil, mehfil assembly, gathering
97mahotsav (devotional) festival
98maidan public park
99majlis (pl. majalis) assembly, gathering
100maktab literary school or circle
101malfuz (pl. malfuzat) sayings (of a sufi saint)
102manaqib an Arabic biographical-hagiographic genre about the qualities of noble individuals
103mandali small group
104mandir temple
105mangalkabya Bengali genre of narrative poetry about the relationship between gods, humans, and places
106mansabdar Mughal officer
107marsiya sung or recited Muharram elegy in poetical form
108marsiya-go performer of marsiya
109ma ‘ sumin pure and flawless ones
110masjid mosque
111masnavi Persian or Urdu narrative poem
112matam physical self-mortification during Muharram ritual
113math monastery
114matu the textual component of a song (as in dhatu-matu)
115maulvi, mawlawi person who has completed full course of Arabic and Persian studies
116mazhab belief
117mela fair
118mo‘jizat miracle stories
119mohajir, muhajir migrant to Pakistan from India, usually at Partition
120muktaka independent verse
121musha‘ira Persian and Urdu poetry recital
122mushkil-kusha resolver of difficulties
123naga warrior ascetic
124nama Persian narrative, chronicle
125namaz prayer, one of the five mandatory Islamic prayers
126naqqal actor, mime
127nayak hero, protagonist
128nayika heroine, protagonist
129nayika-bhed poetic genre detailing the different types of heroines
130nazar offering
131niqabposh hidden, in disguise
132niti lit. ethics or policy, genre of instructional texts
133nitya lila lit. “eternal play”, the notion that Krishna is eternally playing with the milkmaids of Braj in a higher sphere (loka)
134niyaz ritual offering
135niyaz kahani ritual stories
136nritya dance
137ojas martial spirit
138pakhawaj double-headed barrel drum that accompanies dhrupad songs
139pan digestive made of betel nut and leaves
140panchali Bengali genre of performed poetry
141pande, pandit educated Brahmin or (among Jains) temple ritual specialist; scholar
142parchai biography
143parhna to read
144paryushana season of sermons given by Jain monks during the rainy season
145patur (a) courtesan, female singer/dancer
146pir sufi master
147pirzada living descendent of a sufi saint
148pothi manuscript book, often compilation
149prasad offering received back with god’s blessing
150prasang, prastav context of an example
151pravachan spiritual discourse
152prem-katha love story
153Purana lit. old, compilation of narratives about gods, communities, and places
154qasba small town
155qasida Arabic, Persian, or Urdu ode/praise poem
156qaum caste, community (see also jati)
157qawwal, qavval professional sufi musician who also performed at court
158qawwali song performances of qawwals, usually at sufi shrines
159qiyamat, qayamat the Day of Judgement in Islam
160qissa story
161qissa-khwan storyteller
162raga melodic mode
163ragamala lit. garland of ragas; 6 male ragas each with 5 wives called raginis
164raja king (also maharaja, great king)
165rajguru royal guru
166rakshas demon
167ramat itinerancy in a group of followers
168ramshala place where Dadupanthi ascetics spend the rainy months
169ras lila performance of Krishna’s life
170rasa juice, sentiment, one of nine affective essences
171rasika connoisseur
172rishi seer, sage
173riti lit. style, courtly style of poetry in Brajbhasha
174ritigranth manual of poetics
175sabad lit. word, devotional song-poem
176sadhu ascetic
177sadhvi female ascetic
178sajjada-nishin current head of a sufi shrine
179sakhi poetic couplet, often gnomic in kind
180sakhi the female confidante of the nayika
181salam greeting; the first item in a series of performances
182sama ‘lit. audition, sufi musical assembly
183samasyapurti poetic game in which poets are given a word or part of a verse and have to complete it to a set metre
184sampradaya religious group, association
185samskara polysemic word which means life-ritual and ceremony, and the trace and influence that actions and thoughts leave
186sangita music, dance, and drama; lyrical arts
187sangitashastra musical science, music treatise
188sant lit. “good man”, holy person in a devotional context
189saqi-nama poems addressed to the saqi or cup-bearer
190sarvangi comprehensive compilation of devotional songs
191satsang congregation of devotees with music and discourses
192savab religious merit
193sayyid descendant of the Prophet Muhammad
194seva service
195shakti the power of the goddess
196shauq desire, pleasure
197shudra lower caste
198silsila lit. chain, lineage
199sipara chapter of the Qur’an
200soz Persian or Urdu elegy to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Husain (the Prophet Mohammad’s grandson) and his family at Karbala
201stotra hymn
202sufi mystical branch of Islam, based on observance of a path under the guide of a pir
203sukhan speech, discourse
204sunna to listen, to hear
205svadhyaya self-study
206tabarruk blessed food
207tabla set of two drums that is the pre-eminent accompaniment to classical music genres
208takhyil deception
209tala rhythmic cycle
210tamasha spectacle, and a Marathi performance genre
211tappa courtly Panjabi song genre
212tarikh chronogram
213tariqa sufi path and organisation
214tasha drum associated with Muharram
215ta‘sir effect, impact
216taza-gui “fresh speech”, new style of Persian poetry in Safavid and Mughal times
217ta‘ziya, tazia replica of a mausoleum used in Muharram processions
218tazkira biographical dictionary, prosopography (usually of poets or sufi saints)
219tirthankara one of the 24 founding Jinas
220‘urs lit. “marriage”, death anniversary of a sufi saint.
221ustad master
222vacana speech
223vaggeyakar song-poet
224vani (also bani) lit. speech, collected sayings of a saint or poet
225varnashrama the system of four major castes (varna) and four stages of life (ashrama)
226varta story
227vira heroic, the heroic sentiment (rasa)
228virah the longing and pain of separation
229virahini woman pining for her absent beloved
230virakt renunciant, in the specific case, Dadupanthi itinerant sadhu
231virudavali panegyric genre panegyric made of linked chain of epithets
232vistar exposition (of a raga)
233vrat-katha ritual story with vow and fast
234wazn rhythmic emphasis in a poetical or musico-rhythmic cycle
235yuga epoch
236zahir apparent, exoteric
237zakir one who remembers
238zauq taste, pleasure, see also lazzat
239zikr, zekr repetitive chanting in sufi ritual practice
240ziyarat pilgrimage
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