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What Works in Conservation 2021

 | 
William Junior Sutherland
, 
Lynn V. Dicks
, 
Silviu O. Petrovan
, 
et al.

14. Marine and freshwater mammal conservation

14.7 Threat: Invasive or problematic species and disease

Texte intégral

14.7.1 Invasive or problematic species

Likely to be beneficial

Use baited lines instead of nets for shark control

1Two studies evaluated the effects on marine mammals of using baited lines instead of nets for shark control. One study was in the Indian Ocean (South Africa) and one in the South Pacific Ocean (Australia).

2COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES)

3POPULATION RESPONSE (1 STUDY)

4Survival (1 study): One site comparison study in the South Pacific Ocean found that using baited lines instead of nets increased the survival of entangled common and bottlenose dolphins.

5BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)

6OTHER (2 STUDIES)

7Reduction in entanglements/unwanted catch (2 studies): Two site comparison studies in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean found that baited lines used for shark control had fewer entanglements of dolphins, whales and dugongs than nets.

8Assessment: likely to be beneficial (effectiveness 70 %; certainty 50 %; harms 10 %).

https://www.conservationevidence.com/​actions/​2856

Unknown effectiveness

Use deterrents to reduce predation on marine and freshwater mammals by native species

9One study evaluated the effects of using deterrents to reduce predation by native species on marine mammals. The study was in the North Pacific Ocean (USA).

10COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES)

11POPULATION RESPONSE (1 STUDY)

12Survival (1 study): One controlled study in the North Pacific Ocean found that neither boat motor sounds nor the presence of humans reduced Galapagos shark predation on Hawaiian monk seal pups, although shark presence was low throughout the study.

13BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)

14Assessment: unknown effectiveness (effectiveness 30 %; certainty 27 %; harms 0 %).

https://www.conservationevidence.com/​actions/​2855

No evidence found (no assessment)

15We have captured no evidence for the following interventions:

  • Limit, cease or prohibit ballast water exchange in specific areas

  • Physically remove invasive or problematic species

  • Treat ballast water before release

  • Use biocides or other chemicals to control invasive or problematic species

  • Use biological control to manage invasive or problematic species.

14.7.2 Disease

Likely to be beneficial

Use drugs to treat parasites

16Two studies evaluated the effects on marine mammals of using drugs to treat parasites. Both studies were in the North Pacific Ocean (USA).

17COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES)

18POPULATION RESPONSE (2 STUDIES)

19Survival (2 studies): One of two controlled studies (including one before-and-after study) in the North Pacific Ocean found that treating northern fur seal pups with an anti-parasitic drug (ivermectin) reduced mortality rates. The other study found that Hawaiian monk seal pups treated with an antiparasitic drug (praziquantel) had similar survival rates to untreated pups. Condition (2 studies): One of two controlled studies (including one before-and-after study) in the North Pacific Ocean found that northern fur seal pups treated with an anti-parasitic drug (ivermectin) had reduced hookworm infections and greater growth rates than untreated pups. The other study found that Hawaiian monk seal pups treated with an anti-parasitic drug (praziquantel) had similar parasite loads to untreated pups.

20BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)

21Assessment: likely to be beneficial (effectiveness 50 %; certainty 40 %; harms 10 %).

https://www.conservationevidence.com/​actions/​2861

No evidence found (no assessment)

22We have captured no evidence for the following interventions:

  • Carry out surveillance for diseases

  • Translocate or temporarily bring marine and freshwater mammals into captivity to reduce exposure to disease

  • Treat disease in wild marine and freshwater mammals

  • Vaccinate against disease.

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