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On the Literature and Thought of the German Classical Era

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Hugh Barr Nisbet

Index

Texte intégral

Act of Toleration (1689) 36

Adickes, Erich 199

Adler, Emil 158

Adler, Jeremy 174

Aesch, Alexander Gode-von 7, 9, 26, 28–29

Albertsen, Leif Ludwig 6–8

alchemy 63, 69–70, 77, 156

Alexander the Great 246

Allison, Henry E. 89, 97–98

Althaus, Horst 241

American Revolution, the 47, 66

Amory, Thomas 128–134, 136–142, 292

The Life of John Buncle, Esq. (1778–79) 129, 137, 138, 140. See also Buncle, John

Anderson, James 63, 72

Antinous, the 244, 276

Antiphila 114–116. See Lessing,

Gotthold Ephraim: Die Matrone von Ephesus (The Widow of Ephesus)

Antognazza, Maria Rosa 42

Arianism 83, 132

Aristotle, Aristotelianism 14, 81–82, 85, 130, 252

Arnold, Gottfried 43

Assmann, Jan 58

Athanasian Creed, the 94, 132

Athanodorus 241

atoms, atomism 6, 9–10, 12–13, 30, 180, 185

atonement 81

Aufklärung 133, 228, 236, 237. See also Enlightenment, the

Augsburg, Peace of 39

Augustine of Hippo, Saint 85

Bacon, Francis 153, 171, 192

Baeumer, Max L. 259

Bahr, Ehrhard 65

Baker, Ernest A. 133–134

Bandinelli, Bartolommeo 283

Bapp, Karl 11, 25

Barnard, Frederick M. 203

Barner, Wilfried 43, 46, 59, 120

Baroque 6, 244–246, 254, 256, 258, 283, 286–287

Bartholomew, Saint 257

Bauer, Bruno 238

Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb 86

Baumgarten, Siegmund Jacob 86

Bayle, Pierre 13, 46

Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Carron de 227

Beethoven, Ludwig van 222, 233, 237–239

Beierwaltes, Berner 82

Belvedere Apollo, the 244, 276

Bergstraesser, Arnold 210

Bernini, Gianlorenzo 244–245, 256

Bernstein, Leonard 233

Bible, the 49, 91, 101, 145–147, 149–150, 152, 154–155

Bieber, Margarete 241–242, 244–245, 256

Biedermann, Aloys Emanuel 104

Bismarck, Otto von 50

Blackmore, Richard 12

Blaschke, Julius 222

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich 165

Blümner, Hugo 241, 247, 262, 267

Boccaccio, Giovanni 37

Bodin, Jean 40

Böhme, Gernot 170, 176

Bohnen, Klaus 53, 65

Boie, Heinrich Christian 121

Boisserée, Sulpiz 25

Böll, Heinrich 142

botany 16–17, 22–23, 165–168, 173–174, 186

Bouvet, Joachim 156–158

Boyle, Robert 6, 153

Brabant, F. H. 95, 105

Brahm, Otto 283

Brecht, Bertolt 32

Brilliant, Richard 290

Brockes, Barthold Hinrich 5, 12, 25, 224

Broder, Henryk M. 54

Brunn, Heinrich 278, 280

Bucer, Martin 39

Büchner, Georg 5

Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de 15, 153–154, 159, 165, 181–183, 193

Bulle, Heinrich 283

Buncle, John 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142. See also Amory, Thomas: The Life of John Buncle, Esq. (1778–79)

Bürger, Gottfried August 236–237

Butler, E. M. 242, 244, 287

Cabbala 157

Calas, Jean 37

Calliope 13

Camper, Pieter 165

Cassander, Georg 39

Cassirer, Ernst 229

catholics, catholicism 8, 36–40, 42, 130, 133–134

Catt, Henri de 8

causality 189–191, 193, 203

censorship 67, 77

chain of being 179, 184, 228

‘characteristic’ art 266–268, 270, 275

chemistry 29, 187, 189

China (Christianity in) 42–43, 157–158

Chladenius (Chladni), Johann Martin 43, 49

Chodowiecki, Daniel 131

Christ, Jesus 44, 67, 83, 88–91, 94, 97–99, 101, 103, 105, 132, 255–257, 279

Cleland, John 135

Clement of Alexandria 150

Clio 13

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 102

Colligan, J. Hay 83

colonialism 45

colour theory 169–170, 172, 174

comparative anatomy 159, 165–166, 195

Comte, Auguste 198

Condamine, Charles Maria de la 146

Contiades, Ion 61

Cook, Nicholas 222

Copernicus, Nicolaus 152

Coreth, Emerich 82

Corneille, Pierre 252, 288

cosmogony 9, 15, 148, 152, 180, 191, 193, 198

cosmopolitans, cosmopolitanism 72–74, 198, 233, 237

Council of Europe 239

Cranz, August Friedrich 131

Creech, Thomas 4

Creuz, Friedrich Carl Casimir von 5, 8–9

Cudworth, Ralph 150–151, 153

Cusa, Nicholas of 38, 42, 46

Dacier, M. 109

Dalzell, Alexander 32

Darwin, Charles 165–166, 184

Darwin, Erasmus 14, 17

Daunicht, Richard 66, 83, 121

Dau, Rudolf 233

Deile, Gotthold 224, 232

Democritus 9–10, 12, 180

Denk, Ferdinand 267, 271, 276

Deppermann, Klaus 40

Descartes, René 146, 153, 173, 180

Cartesianism 13, 32

d’Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron 7, 171

d’Hondt, Jacques 99

d’Huisseau, Isaac 41

Dickey, Laurence 81, 98

didactic poetry 4, 6, 8, 13, 26–31, 171, 180

Dierse, Ulrich 205

Dilthey, Wilhelm 49

Dobbek, Wilhelm 12, 151, 192

Dromo (servant to Philokrates) 115–116

Dubos, Jean Baptiste, Abbé 198

Dudley, D. R. 5

Dülmen, Richard van 58

Dusch, Johann Jakob 5, 13

Dutens, Louis 44, 157

Dyck, Martin 226, 236

Eberhard, Johann August 89, 228

Edict of Nantes, revocation of 36

Egypt, ancient Egyptian religion 151, 155–156, 160

Eibl, Karl 106

Eichhorn, Andreas 222, 226, 233, 237–239

Einsiedel, August von 12

Elgin, Thomas Bruce, Lord 281

Empedocles 14

Empfindsamkeit (sensibility) 256, 258

Engelhardt, Dietrich von 179, 183

Enlightenment, the vii, viii, 4, 5, 6, 7, 36, 37, 41, 45, 47, 58, 59, 64, 65, 78, 81, 89, 92, 98, 102, 115, 153, 169, 182, 186, 207, 208, 211, 224, 227, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 246, 285. See also Aufklärung

Enoch 157

Epicurus 7, 9–10, 12–13, 25, 28, 30–31, 180

Epicurians, Epicurianism 3–6, 9–11

Erxleben, Johann Christian Polykarp 174

Eschenburg, Johann Joachim 121, 127

Ettlinger, L.D. 256

Euler, Leonhard 146

Eusebius of Caesarea 150–151

evolution 9, 165, 179–180, 182–184, 186, 196, 198, 212

experimentum crucis 174

Fabian, Bernhard 5–6, 30–31

Falconet, Étienne-Maurice 244

Falk, Samuel Jacob 70

Faust, Ulrich 160

feminism, feminist criticism 124–125, 133

Ferguson, Adam 229, 231

Fernow, Carl Ludwig 272, 276

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 66

Ficino, Marsilio 150

Fink, Gonthier-Louis 61, 66, 68

Fink, Karl J. 170, 172

Fiore, Joachim of 93, 95

Fischer-Lamberg, Hanna 266

Flaxman, John 269

Fleischmann, Wolfgang Bernard 5, 8, 13

Foerster, R. 262, 281, 284

Fohi (Emperor of China) 157

Forbes, Duncan 99

Forst, Rainer 52–53

Franck, Sebastian 39, 43

Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia 5, 8, 11, 40, 47, 67, 227

Freemasons, Freemasonry 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 223, 225, 231, 232, 236. See also Illuminati; See also Rosicrucians; See also Strict Observance (in Freemasonry)

French Revolution, the 47, 208, 234

Frenzel, Elisabeth 110

Frick, R. H. 58

Friedman, Michael 187, 189–190

Friedrich Wilhelm (The Great Elector) 40

friendship, fraternity 71–74, 76, 112, 126, 219, 223–224, 232–235, 238

Fusil, C.-A. 5, 15

Gadamer, Hans-Georg 49–50, 54

Gale, Thomas 151

Galileo Galilei 146, 152

Garve, Christian 131, 229, 267

Gassendi, Pierre 6, 13

Gay, Peter 4–5, 8

Gehler, Johann Samuel Traugott 191

Geiger, Ludwig 268

Genesis, Book of 145, 148

Genest, Charles Claude 12

‘genetic method’ (Herder’s) 149–150, 153

Gerstenberg, Heinrich Wilhelm von 121

Gloy, Karen 189

Glycon 266

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang vii, 2–3, 5, 7, 10–18, 20–28, 31, 33, 44, 59, 153, 159, 162–177, 179–180, 183–187, 193–198, 203, 207–213, 223, 228–229, 232, 236, 241–242, 257, 262, 264–278, 285–287, 291

‘Der Zauberlehrling’ (‘The Magician’s Apprentice’) 177

Dichtung und Wahrheit (Poetry and Truth) 171, 264–265

Die Farbenlehre (Colour Theory) 163– 164, 167–168, 172, 175–177, 196, 209

Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (The Sorrows of Young Werther) 173

‘Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen’ (‘The Metamorphosis of Plants’) 16–18, 22–23, 25–26, 166, 175

Die Wahlverwandtschaften (The Elective Affinities) 15, 170, 207

Egmont 208

Faust 28

Gott und Welt (God and the World) 25

Götz von Berlichingen 173, 208

‘Howards Ehrengedächtnis’ (‘In

Howard’s Honoured Memory’) 25

‘Metamorphose der Tiere’ (‘Metamorphosis of Animals’) 3, 18, 20, 22–23, 25

‘Natur und Kunst’ (‘Nature and Art’) 21

‘Prometheus’ 10

Über das Lehrgedicht (On Didactic Poetry) 13

Über den Granit (On Granite) 15

Von deutscher Baukunst (On German Architecture) 266

Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship) 59

Zahme Xenien (Tame Xenia) 25

Gögelein, Christoph 176

Goldenbaum, Ursula 40

Golinski, J.V. 153

Goltz, Alexander von der 83

Gombrich, E.H. 252–253, 281

Goodwin, John 40

Gordon, Cosmo Alexander 4, 7

Gottsched, Johann Christoph 6

Grisebach, Eduard 109, 111

Grotius, Hugo 48

Grumach, Ernst & Renate 11, 16, 264

Grundmann, Herbert 93

Guggisberg, Hans R. 36, 39–41, 44, 47

Günther, Anton 104

Gunton, Colin E. 96

Guthke, Karl S. viii, 64, 84, 88, 115, 122

Hadzsits, George Depue 5

Hagedorn, Friedrich von 223, 229–231

Hagesandros 241

Hales, Steven D. 51

Haller, Albrecht von 5, 8, 25, 154, 224

Hamann, Johann Georg 148, 156

Hammermayer, Ludwig 58, 69

Harnack, Otto 267, 273

Harris, H. S. 98–99

Hatfield, H. C. 242, 246, 256

Haupt, Johann Thomas 61, 83–86, 104, 158

Haydn, Joseph 227

Haym, Rudolf 26, 148, 199

Hazlitt, William 134

Hebbel, Friedrich 280

Hedley, Douglas 81, 102

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich vii, 5–6, 13, 50, 81–82, 97–106, 200, 231, 279, 282

‘Christianity of Reason’ 103–106

Heidegger, Martin 49

Heine, Heinrich 283

Heinse, (Johann Jakob) Wilhelm 5, 111, 258–264, 268, 277, 286, 288

Heinz, Marion 96

Heise, Wolfgang 63, 66, 77

Helbig, Wolfgang 286

Hellenism 240, 245–246, 281–282, 293

Helvétius, Claude Adrien 154

Henke, P. J. W. 280

Hercules 266–267

Herder, Johann Gottfried vii, 5–7, 9, 11–12, 14–15, 27–28, 32, 44–45, 47–48, 50, 61, 79, 96, 106, 121, 144–151, 153–160, 165–167, 179–180, 182–188, 191–199, 202–213, 227, 241, 255–259, 262, 264, 267, 275, 277, 285, 292

Adrastea 160, 204

Älteste Urkunde des Menschengeschlechts (The Oldest Document of the Human Race) 145, 147–148, 151, 154–156, 158–160

Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit (Ideas on the Philosophy of History) 28, 50, 158, 182–183, 208–209, 227

Von deutscher Art und Kunst (On German Character and Art) 50 heresy, heretics 39, 43, 81, 83, 85, 89

hermeneutics 48, 50, 54

Hermes Trismegistus 151, 157

Hettner, Hermann 9, 65

Heyne, Christoph Gottlob 158, 247–248, 262, 272–273, 283, 286, 290

hieroglyph (the Mosaic) 145, 149–151, 153–156, 158–160

Hillen, Gert 122

Hippias of Elis 9–10

Hirt, Aloys 266–276, 280, 285–286

historicism 48, 147, 203, 211

Hobbes, Thomas 13

Hocke, Gustav René 5

Hodgson, Leonard 82–83, 85, 105

Hoensbroech, Marion Gräfin 76

Hogarth, William 244, 251, 254, 266–267

Hölderlin, Friedrich 236

Holy Roman Empire, the 40–41

Homer 248–249

Höpfner, Felix 176

Hoven, Friedrich Wilhelm von 234

Howard, Luke 25

Howard, William Guild 241

Humboldt, Alexander von 28

Humboldt, Wilhelm von 66, 236

Hume, David 8, 148

Hüskens-Hasselbeck, Karin 67

Hutcheson, Francis 231, 237

Hyde, Thomas 151

Hyginus 258, 277

idealism, German 82, 105, 231

Iliffe, Robert 153

Illuminati 59, 65, 78–79, 228

immortality 4, 8, 11, 81, 165, 197, 231

Ingensiep, Hans Werner 200 intermaxillary bone (Zwischenkieferknochen) 165–166, 175, 186

Iphigenia 8

Irmscher, Hans Dietrich 149, 158, 204, 209

Jablonski, Paul Ernst 150–151, 156

Jacobi, C. W. M. 175

Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich 66, 70, 94, 262

Jacob, Margaret C. 58

Jamblichus 151

Jena, Battle of 176

Jerusalem, Karl Wilhelm 70

Jesuits (in China) 42, 72, 156, 158

John (the Evangelist), Saint 90–91

John VIII Palaeologus 38

Jones, G. L. 132

Jørgensen, Sven-Aage 156

Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de 16

Justi, Carl 241, 244

Kamen, Henry 39–40, 42

Kang Xi, Emperor of China 42–43

Kant, Immanuel vii, 5–6, 9, 47–48, 52, 65, 67, 116, 153, 171, 178–203, 205–206, 208–213, 224, 226–227, 231, 233, 235, 263–264, 279, 293

Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (Universal Natural

History and Theory of the Heavens) 6, 9, 180

Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Critique of Pure Reason) 187, 195, 201, 212

Kritik der Urteilskraft (Critique of Judgement) 182, 189, 195, 197

Was ist Aufklärung? (What is Enlightenment?) 67, 227

Kant-Laplace theory 9

Kästner, Abrahm Gotthelf 5

Keckermann, Bartholomew 84–85

Keller, Heinrich 264

Kepler, Johannes 201

Kermani, Navid 53

Klein, Wilhelm 281, 283–284

Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb 223, 237, 255

Knebel, Karl Ludwig von 7, 11–15, 18, 33, 166, 193

Knigge, Adolf von 79

Kolin, Battle of 11

Kondylis, Panajotis 94

König, Engelbert 122

König, Eva 122, 127

Köpke, Wulf 98, 204

Körner, Christian Gottfried 27, 221, 223, 235–236

Koselleck, Reinhart 38, 43, 49, 64–66, 198

Košenina, Alexander 130–131, 137

Kuhn, Thomas 172

Küttner, Karl Gottlob 142

Lactantius 150

La Fontaine, Jean de 108, 110, 115, 292

Lambert, Johann Heinrich 193, 205

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de 7, 154

La Motte, Houdar de 111, 113, 115

Lamport, F.J. 114, 118, 120

Langer, Ernst Theodor 264–265

Laocoon sculpture 240–244, 246–248, 250–251, 253–255, 257, 261, 265–266, 271, 282–283, 285, 288, 290, 293

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de 9

Laurence, Saint 257

Lavater, Johann Caspar 153, 247

Lawrence, A.W. 275

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 30–32, 41–47, 50, 71, 83–85, 87, 89, 92, 94, 101, 103–104, 153, 157–158, 180, 190–191, 193, 197, 201, 228–230, 237

Leisewitz, Johann Anton 70, 121

Lepenies, Wolf 181

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim vii, 5–6, 13, 31, 34–35, 37–38, 43–47, 50, 52–54, 56–61, 64–74, 76–79, 81–84, 86–103, 105–106, 109–127, 131–132, 136, 228, 232, 241, 248–259, 261–274, 279, 281–283, 285–286, 288, 291

Briefe, die neueste Literatur betreffend (Letters on Literature) 71

Das Christentum der Vernunft (The

Christianity of Reason) 83–84, 86–90, 92–94, 97, 99–100, 106

Der Misogyn (The Misogynist) 112

Des Andreas Wissowatius Einwürfe wider die Dreieinigkeit (Andreas Wissowatius’s Objections to the Trinity) 89

D. Faust 115, 122

Die alte Jungfer (The Old Maid) 112

Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts (The Education of the Human Race) 57, 71, 77, 90, 92–99, 101–102, 105

Die Matrone von Ephesus (The Widow of

Ephesus) 109, 111, 113–115, 119–122, 124

Die Religion Christi (The Religion of Christ) 91, 98–99

Emilia Galotti 119–122, 124, 127

Ernst und Falk (Ernst and Falk) 57–61, 63, 65–68, 70–71, 73, 76–78, 92, 99, 232

Gedanken über die Herrnhuter (Thoughts on the Moravian Brethren) 83

Hamburgische Dramaturgie (Hamburg Dramaturgy) 113, 116, 118, 126

Laokoon, oder über die Grenzen der Malerei und Poesie (Laocoon, or On the Limits of Painting and Poetry) 248, 250, 252–253, 256, 261, 264, 266

Minna von Barnhelm 116, 118, 126

Nathan der Weise (Nathan the Wise) 34–35, 45, 47, 52–54, 98, 118, 120, 291

Über den Beweis des Geistes und der Kraft (On the Proof of the Spirit and of Power) 91

Über die Wirklichkeit der Dinge außer Gott (On the Reality of Things outside God) 88

Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet 122

Lessing, Karl Gotthelf 99

Leucippus 9

Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph 5

Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) 165

Lisbon Earthquake, the 182, 260

Locke, John 13, 35–37, 54, 132

Lovejoy, Arthur O. 179, 184

Lücken, Gottfried von 264, 267

Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus) vii, 3–18, 20–33, 171, 180

Luden, Heinrich 210

Lull, Raymond 84–85

Lüpke, Johannes von 98

Luther, Martin

Lutheran theology 39–40, 43, 83–84, 86, 89–90, 102, 183

Macfarren, Lady Natalia 222

Magill, C. P. 222, 231, 236–237

Magnus, Rudolf 22

Maillet, Benoît de 154

Mandelkow, Karl Robert 176, 213, 264, 289

Manuel, Frank E. 153

Margalit, Avishai 53

Marolles, Michel de 4

Marquard, Odo 49

Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) 112

Martin, Gottfried 233, 238

Marx, Karl 5, 12, 50, 77, 98, 198, 213

Marxism 66, 77

Mason, Eudo C. 266

materialism 3, 7–9, 11–12, 154

mathematics 29, 157, 170, 176, 187–192, 195, 210, 226

Matthisson, Friedrich von 226

Maupertuis, Pierre Louis 146, 148

Maurer, Michael 204

Mayer, Hans 53, 223, 234

Mayr, Franz Xaver 4

McGuire, J.E. 149, 151–153

McManners, John 115

Meinecke, Friedrich 48

Melanchthon, Philipp 39

Memmius (Gaius Memmius) 31

Mendelssohn, Moses 31, 84, 88–90, 98, 131–132, 136

Merck, Johann Heinrich 14–15, 151, 155–156

Merkel, Friedrich 281

metamorphosis 3, 17–18, 20, 22–23, 25–26, 166, 175, 197

metempsychosis 95

Metzger, Michael M. 110–111, 116, 118, 122

Meyer-Abich, Klaus Michael 176

Meyer, Ahlrich 205

Meyer, Ernst Heinrich Friedrich 186

Meyer, Johann Heinrich 271–272

Michelangelo Buonarroti 245, 280, 283

Michelsen, Peter 31, 60, 64, 66, 71, 232

Middleton, Christopher 17, 20

Minerva 13, 241, 258

Mirabeau, Honoré-Gabriel de Riqueti 47

misogyny 110, 112–113, 115, 124, 126–127

Mitchell, Lucy M. 283

Moltmann, Jürgen 82, 93, 105

Mommsen, Katharina 10

monads, monadology 41, 44–45, 184, 190, 193–194

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat 41, 198

Montorsoli, Giovanni Angelo 286

More, Henry 153

morphology 167–168, 196

Moscati 154

Moses, Mosaic cosmology 31, 88, 131–132, 145–149, 152–156, 159

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 227

Müller, Friedrich von 210

Müller, Paul 61, 67, 78

Müller, Theodor Arnold 83

multiculturalism 52

Mysis (maidservant to Antiphila) 115, 125

mystification, mysteries 57–58, 60–61, 63–65, 67, 69, 75–79, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 99, 101–103, 105–106, 156, 254

Naumann, Christian Nicolaus 83–84, 86, 93

Needham, Joseph 157

neo-classicism (in Germany) 242, 244– 245, 261, 265, 272, 276, 284, 286–287

neo-Platonism 81, 85, 150, 151, 193, 194, 198, 211, 212, 229, 231. See also Plato, Platonism, Platonists

neptunism 182–183, 185

Neubauer, John 170

Neuser, Adam 90

Neville, Henry Isle of Pines, The 134

Newton, Isaac 4, 7, 9, 13, 31, 146, 149, 151–153, 163–164, 167–176, 180, 190–191, 194–195, 201, 205, 229

Newtonian science 7, 9, 30–31, 170, 187, 194–195, 211

Nicaea, Council of 82

Nicene Creed, the 105

Nicolai, Friedrich 5, 67, 121, 130–134, 136–139, 141–142, 228

Sebaldus Nothanker 131, 137

Nietzsche, Friedrich 5, 50–51, 259

Nieuwentyt, Bernard 148

Nisbet, Hugh Barr 3, 6–7, 9, 14–15, 35, 45–47, 53, 57, 70–71, 73, 81–82, 86–87, 99, 109, 129, 145, 149, 153, 159, 163, 165, 167, 170–171, 179, 183–184, 191–196, 203–204, 207–208, 215, 241

Noah’s Flood 15

Nolte, Fred O. 283

Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg) 278–279

Oehlke, Waldemar 113, 120

Oeser, Adam Friedrich 265

optics 41, 44–45, 164, 167, 170, 173–174, 176, 196

Origen 95

Osswald, Bernhard 104

osteology 21–22, 165, 167, 169, 171

Otto, Regine 12

Otto, Wolf Dietrich 35

Overath, Angelika 53

Overbeck, Gertrud 16

Overbeck, Johannes 278, 280, 282

Paine, Tom 47

pantheism 32, 82, 95–96

Parthenon sculptures 281–282

Paul, Saint 105

Pelters, Wilm 98

Perkins, Franklin 42–43

perspectivism, cultural and religious 38, 41–43, 45–48, 50–51

Peter, Saint 135

Petronius, Gaius 109–110, 114–115, 126

Petsch, Robert 114–115

Phidias 282

Philokrates 115–116, 125

philosophico-scientific poetry 12, 25, 28–30, 171

Pistorius, Hermann Andreas 130, 133–134

Plath, Margarete 7, 26, 28

Plato, Platonism, Platonists 9, 81, 82, 150, 151, 153, 246, 248. See also neo-Platonism

Pliny (the Elder) 244–245, 285, 290

Pohlenz, Max 245

Polignac, Melchior de 12–13, 32

Polydorus 241

polygamy 134

Pons, Georges 89–90

Pope, Alexander 5, 31

Porphyry of Tyre 104, 151

Prawer, S. S. 12

Price, Lawrence Marsden 131

Priestley, Joseph 174

prisca sapientia 149–150, 152–153, 155–156, 158

prisca theologia 150–152, 156, 158

Prometheus 254, 256–257

Protestants, Protestantism 8, 36–37, 42, 50, 59, 102

providence 8–10, 13, 30, 98, 118, 201, 206, 210, 213, 261, 264

Pufendorf, Samuel von 48

Puget, Pierre 244

Pugh, David 229, 231

Pütz, Peter 114

Pythagoreans 150–151

quantum mechanics 212

Querlon, Anne-Gabriel Meusnier de 15

Rabelais, François 134

Ramdohr, F. W. B. 276

Ramler, Karl Wilhelm 113

Ranke, Leopold von 48

Raphael (Raffaello Santi) 280

Rattansi, P. M. 149, 151–153

Rawlinson, A. E. J. 82, 95, 105

Reed, Terence James 25, 28, 233

Reformation, the German 39, 47, 50

Rehm, Walther 242, 278–279

Reimarus, Hermann Samuel 67, 89

Reinalter, Helmut 58

Reiss, Hans 47, 171

relativity, theory of 212

Retat, Pierre 7

Reuchlin, Johannes 39

Ribe, Neil M. 168, 176

Richardson, Samuel 137, 140

Richter, Gisela M.A. 242, 284

Riedel, Wolfgang 229–231, 235

Ries, Paul 134

Rights of Man, Declaration of 37

Rilke, Rainer Maria 236

Roberts, J.M. 58

Robinson, Henry 40

Rococo 6, 111–112, 244

Romanticism, Romantics 6, 28, 175, 198, 270, 276, 279, 287

Rosenthal, Georg 264

Rosicrucians 59, 78

Ross, Ian Campbell 139–142

Rouché, Max 149, 184

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 45, 153, 173–174, 203

Rubens, Peter Paul 245, 257

Ruffini, Francesco 39–41, 48

Runte, Roseann 110–111, 113, 125

Ruskin, John 3

Sagarra, Eda 142

Saine, Thomas P. 6

Sakai, Kiyoshi 42

Salewski, Michael 38

Sauder, Gerhard 5–7

Schatzberg, Walter 6, 8, 30

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph 5, 14, 26–29, 96–98, 101, 103, 171, 198

Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob 148

Schiller, Friedrich vii, 5, 10, 13–14, 17, 27, 59, 176, 178, 214–215, 221–239, 262–264, 268–272, 274, 279, 286, 293 ‘An die Freude’ (‘Ode to Joy’) 214– 215, 221, 223–224, 227–228, 230, 233, 236–237, 239, 293

‘An die Freude’ (Ode to Joy) 221–224, 233

‘Das Ideal und das Leben’ (‘The Ideal and Life’) 264

‘Das Lied von der Glocke’ (‘The Song of the Bell’) 222

‘Der Spaziergang’ (‘The Walk’) 226 ‘Die Freundschaft’ 229, 232

Die Horen 267–268, 270–271

Die Jungfrau von Orleans (The Maid of Orleans) 226

‘Die Künstler’ (‘The Artists’) 27

‘Die Pest’ (‘The Plague’) 10

Die Räuber (The Robbers) 262

Don Karlos (Don Carlos) 228

Maria Stuart 263

Thalia 223, 227

Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung (On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry) 13, 27

Wilhelm Tell 233

Schilson, Arno 98, 100

Schimank, Hans 189–191

Schings, Hans-Jürgen 232

Schlegel, August Wilhelm 18, 269–271, 276, 279

Schlegel, Friedrich 119, 269–271, 276, 278–279

Schleiermacher, Friedrich 49

Schlitt, Dale M. 100, 104

Schmarsow, August 283

Schmid, Konrad Arnold 46

Schmidt, Erich 119–120, 122

Schmidt, Gerhart 77

Schmidt, Johan Werner 5

Schmidt, Wolfgang 5

Schmitz, Markus 46

Schneider, Heinrich 59

Scholem, Gershom 156

Schöne, Albrecht 173

Schopenhauer, Arthur 5, 280

Schrimpf, Hans Joachim 175

Schröder, Jürgen 114, 121–122

Schuchardt, Walter Herwig 284

Schulte, Hans H. 227, 229, 232

Schulz, Franz 223, 229

Schulz, Günter 123, 227

Schulz, Ursula 123

Schumpeter, Joseph A. 200

Schwarz, Reinhard 86, 89

Schwinger, Richard 131

seanchas (Irish folktales) 140, 142

Sebald, W.G. 53

Sebastian, Saint 256–257, 286

secret societies. See Freemasons, Freemasonry; See Illuminati; See Rosicrucians

secularism 38, 52, 58, 257

Seeba, Hinrich C. 43, 45–46, 49

Seneca, L. Annaeus 109

sensibility. See Empfindsamkeit (sensibility)

Sepper, Dennis 172, 174, 176

Servius 258, 277

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of 173, 229–231

Shakespeare, William 137, 140

Shu-King 158

Sichtermann, Hellmut 241, 289

Siegrist, Christoph 6, 121

Sigismund, Johann, Elector of Brandenburg 40

sinology (Leibniz’s) 42

Sloterdijk, Peter 52

Snow, C. P. 163

Socinianism 40, 83, 89, 132

Solf, Hans-Heinrich 69

Sophocles 243, 246, 249, 252, 260, 277

Spaemann, Robert 199

Spencer, T. J. B. 5, 12

Spieren, Reimarus von 130

Spinoza, Baruch 7, 10–11, 13, 31, 87–89, 94, 96, 160, 171, 193, 197, 202

Splett, Jörg 100

Sposetti, Zerboni di 232

Stahr, Adolf 278

Stammen, Silvia 53

Statius (P. Papinius Statius) 32

Stauffer-Bern, Karl 283

St Clair, William 281

Stechow, Wolfgang 257

Steffens, Henrik 5, 26

Stein, Andreas 131

Sterne, Laurence 137

Stewart, A. F. 242

Stockum, T. C. van 114

Stoicism, Stoics 3, 6, 246, 252, 256, 259

Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold von 11, 262, 278

Strich, Fritz 26, 28

Strict Observance (in Freemasonry) 69, 78

Sturm und Drang (‘Storm and Stress’) 225, 229, 236–237

Swedenborg, Emanuel 153

Szarota, Elida Maria 250

Tabori, George 53–54

Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe 198

Taoism 157

Taylor, Charles 50

teleology 7, 21–22, 30, 98, 189–190, 193, 197, 201, 206, 209–211, 213

Teller, Wilhelm Abraham 89

Templar legend 69–70

Thiersch, Friedrich 279–280, 282

Thirty Years War 39

Thomasius, Christian 48

Thoth (or Theut) 151, 155–156

Three Rings, Parable of 37, 47

Thümmel, Moritz August von 5

Tillich, Paul 82

Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) 245, 256, 283

tolerance, toleration 35–37, 39–42, 44, 46–48, 50–54, 110

Töllner, Johann Gottlieb 89

Torricelli, Evangelista 146

Trevelyan, Humphry 265

Trinitarianism. See Trinity, the: Trinitarianism

Trinity College Dublin 130, 132, 141

Trinity, the 81–86, 88–97, 99–101, 103–106, 132, 150, 292

Trinitarianism 82, 85, 88, 90, 92–93, 96–97, 99–101, 103

Trunz, Erich 15, 18, 24, 167, 195, 232, 262

Unitarianism 36, 83, 88, 90, 130, 132–133

Ure, Peter 109–110, 113, 120

Urpflanze (archetypal plant) 162, 166, 293

Urphänomen (archetypal phenomenon) 169, 171, 196

Uz, Johann Peter 223

Vaihinger, Hans 224

Valeriano, J.P. 156

Venus 13, 20, 28, 130

Vierhaus, Rudolf 58

Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) 241, 243, 248, 251, 253–254, 257–258, 262–263, 278

Visconti, Ennius Quirinus 275, 277, 282

Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet 35–37, 54, 148

Voss, Johann Heinrich 18

Wagner, Richard 238

Walker, D. P. 150–153, 156–157

Weimar Classicism 6, 270

Weisse, Christian Felix 111–113, 115–116, 121

Weisse, Christian Hermann 104

Weiss, Peter 284

Welcker, Friedrich Gottlieb 277–278

Wells, G. A. 119, 184

Welshon, Rex 51

Wenzel, Manfred 170

Werner, Abraham Gottlob 183

Westphalia, Peace of 40

Wethey, Harold E. 256

Whaley, Joachim 36

Whiston, William 15

Wieland, Christoph Martin 5, 8–10, 13, 32, 72–74, 79, 130–139, 141–142

Der Teutsche Merkur 73, 131–132, 135–136

Die Abderiten (The Abderites) 10, 72–73

Die Natur der Dinge (The Nature of Things) 8, 10, 13

Geschichte des Agathon (The History of Agathon) 9

‘Sechs Fragen zur Aufklärung’ 79

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim vii, 232, 241–265, 267–273, 276, 278–279, 281–282, 285–288

Witzel, Georg 39

Wokler, Robert 45

Wolff, Christian 83, 87, 101

Wolffian rationalism 30, 86, 102

Wollgast, Siegfried 43

Wordsworth, William 29

Wüst, Wolfgang 40

Y-King (I Ching) 156–158

Zelter, Karl Friedrich 175

Zimmermann, Robert 42

Zimmermann, Rolf Christian 153

zoology 22–24, 168, 275

Zoroaster 157

Zumbach, Clark 190

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