Table des matières

List of Illustrations

Jack Howard Botting

Adrian R. Morrison

Foreword

Regina Botting

Introduction

I. Treatment of Infectious Diseases

1. Smallpox and After: An Early History of the Treatment and Prevention of Infections

• Smallpox
• Vaccination
• The Vaccine
• The Effects of Vaccination
• Sweden
• Bavaria
• Netherlands
• England
• Austria and Belgium
• The Attack on Vaccination
• The WHO Eradication Programme
• South America
• Africa
• Asia (Mainland)
• Indonesia
• Eradication
• The Scientific Origins of Immunisation
• Chicken cholera
• Anthrax
• An Anthrax Vaccine

2. Rabies

• Rabies in Britain
• Rabies in Europe
• Pasteur and his Research on Rabies
• Pasteur’s Vaccine
• Treatment of Human Rabies
• Criticisms by the Antivivisectionists
• Local Wound Treatment
• Passive Immunisation
• Modern Vaccines and Immunotherapy
• Rabies Eradication?

3. Lockjaw: Prevalent but Preventable

• The Causative Organism
• Tetanus Toxin
• Tetanus Antitoxin
• Prophylaxis with Antitoxin
• Antitoxin Prophylaxis in Humans
• Therapy with Antitoxin
• Immunisation against Tetanus
• Preparation of Toxoid
• The Success of Tetanus Immunisation
• Neonatal Tetanus
• Management of Tetanus
• The Action of Tetanus Toxin
• Tetanus Today

4. Pertussis Vaccine, Unfairly Maligned – At What Cost?

• The Vaccine
• Questions of Safety
• The Antivivisection Argument
• The Future

5. Vaccination: The Present and Future

• Meningitis
• Malaria
• The Future

6. The Conquest of Polio and the Contribution of Animal Experiments

7. Diphtheria: Understanding, Treatment and Prevention

• Diphtheria Antitoxin
• Serotherapy in Diphtheria
• Clinical Effects of the Antitoxin
• Immunisation against Diphtheria
• Could Diptheria Return?

II. Development of Life-saving Procedures

8. Development of Dialysis to Treat Loss of Kidney Function

• Haemodialysis
• Anticoagulants and Cellophane
• Alternative Anticoagulants
• Peritoneal Dialysis
• Peritoneal Dialysis in Uraemic Animals
• Anaemia During Dialysis: Erythropoietin

9. The Contribution of Animal Experiments to Kidney Transplantation

• Chronic Renal Failure
• Experiments in Transplantation
• Rejection
• Perfection of the Surgery
• The Mechanism of Rejection: An Immunological Phenomenon
• Prevention of Rejection: An Impossible Goal?
• The Identical Twins: A Vindication of the Surgery
• Whole Body Irradiation
• Success with the First Immunosuppressants
• Antilymphocyte Serum
• Tissue Typing
• The Future

10. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Making Surgery on the Heart Possible

• Early Experiments
• Refining the Technique
• The First Use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients
• Elective Cardiac Arrest
• The Development of Cardioplegic Solutions

11. Artificial Heart Valves: From Caged Ball to Bioprosthesis

• Valvular Defects
• Treatment for Valvular Disease
• Artificial Heart Valves: Early Designs
• The Caged-Ball Valve
• Refining Designs: Disc Valves
• Allograft Valves
• Transplantation of Animal Heart Valves: Xenografts
• Aanticoagulants for Prevention of Clotting Around Heart Valve Prosthesis

12. Animals and Blood Transfusion

• Early Transfusion Experiments
• Scientific Reasons for Transfusion
• Transfusion for Haemorrhage
• Landsteiner and the ABO Blood Group System
• Methods of Transfusion
• Anticoagulants
• Storage of Blood for Transfusion
• Heparin
• The Rhesus Factor

III. Drugs for Organic Diseases

13. Animal Experiments and the Production of Insulin

• Early History of the Nature of Diabetes
• Isolation and Purification of Insulin
• The Work in Toronto
• Non-Toxic Extracts
• Clinical Success
• The Story of Elizabeth Hughes
• Mixed Reactions
• The Criticism from Antivivisectionists
• The Future

14. Animals and Humans: Remarkably Similar

• The Arguments
• Diseases
• Reaction to drugs

15. Early Animal Experiments in Anaesthesia

16. The Control of Malignant Hypertension

• Malignant Hypertension
• Development of Antihypertensive Therapy
• Ganglionic Blocking Drugs
• Development of Antihypertensive Drugs
• Beta Blockers
• ACE Inhibitors
• Conclusion

17. Penicillin And Laboratory Animals: The Animal Rights Myth

• Penicillin and the Guinea Pig
• Antibiotic Associated Colitis
• Guinea Pigs and Humans: Remarkably Similar

18. The History of Thalidomide

• Early Experimental Studies
• Clinical Usage
• Thalidomide and Fetal Abnormalities
• Experimental Studies
• Thalidomide and the Regulation of Drug Use
• Misrepresentation

19. Misleading Research or Misleading Statistics: Animal Experiments and Cancer Research

• Chemotherapy
• Treatment Regimens
• The Alternatives?
• Reducing the Toxicity of Anticancer Therapy
• The Future

Index