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Like Nobody’s Business

 | 
Andrew C. Comrie

Index

Texte intégral

academic affairs 119

academic freedom 6, 137, 155

academic medical center 259, 263

academic mission 2, 7, 140

academic novel 144

academic preparation 26, 167–168, 178, 323, 326

ACC 272–273

access

and affordability 28

and equality in policy 75

and financial aid 172

applicants by family income 170

income inequality 320

in iron triangle 334

library 156

online 144

to higher education 133, 349

acquisitions

institutional 145

museum 232

publishing mergers 199

university press 236

ACT 168

and college rankings 326

administration

main aspects 2

RCM 123

research 204

spending on 41

structure 7, 93

administrative bloat 52, 110

admissions 165, 178

athletics success and 285

in student services spending 184

need-blind 174

race and land grant 226

scandal 322

staff 135

advancement 94, 308

alumni 315

foundation 311

affordability 189

and access 28

All the President’s Men 5

alumni

associations 313, 315

donors 290, 313

gifts 314

giving 309

participation (giving rate) 313

American Association of University Professors (AAUP) 137

American Athletic Conference (AAC) 273

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 205

applicants

academic preparation 169

admitted and enrolled 167

family income 169

online 145

summer melt 168

applications

patent 220

research grant success 208

athletes 276

compensation 282, 346

numbers and trends 276

athletics 269

alumni gifts 314

association costs 272

associations, divisions and conferences 272

benefits of success 284

budget 269, 280

budgets by sport 280

club sports 272

coaches’ salaries 282

compared to faculty hiring 139

conference costs 272

expenditures 278

expenditures per athlete 278

expenditure trends 278

fee 25

Flutie Factor 284

gift revenue 274

gifts 292

in cost-cutting 54

injuries and future costs 346

institutional funding 274

media revenue 274

pandemic effects 278, 337

player compensation 282, 346

public vs. private spending 269

revenue sports 280

scholarship aid 278

scholarships 174

share of institutional budget 270

student fee revenue 274

subsidies 269, 274, 280

success and gifts 285

Title IX 280

attainment rate 181, 183

attrition 177

auxiliaries 23

athletics 23

bookstores 23

dining 23

income in closure risk 339

parking 23

proportion of spending on 41

residence halls 23

basketball 269, 275

benefits of success 284

coaches’ salaries 282

compared to faculty hiring 139

conference membership 273

revenue sport 280

Baumol’s cost disease 50, 54

Bayh-Dole Act 218

benefits

economic 218

expenditures 39

fringe 115, 121, 211, 215

inflation 52

in outsourcing 254

in privatization 88

of a degree 317

of athletic success 284

part-time 103

public good 346

retirement 117

societal 332, 346

tuition 112, 116, 151

Berra, Yogi 341

Big 12 272–273

Big Ten 272–273

Bloomberg, Michael 310

Bloomberg Philanthropies 290

board

and lodging 51, 176, 185, 336

designated funds 33

foundation trustees or directors 311

of regents or trustees 8, 204, 275, 334

program productivity 134

bonds

capital financing 245

credit rating 247

debt service 246

in privatization 88

investment in 302

books and supplies 185, 196, 198

bookstores

outsourced 253

privatized 89

sales figures 198

textbook costs 198

bottom line 9, 57

athletics 284

Bowen’s Law 9, 51, 54, 56, 126

principal-agent problem 52

Bradley, Bill 180

budgets 9, 13, 20, 28, 32, 41

activity based 123

athletics 269, 280

college 119

cutting 51

education and general 43

education and related 43

graduate program 133

hospital 257

international programs 151

museum 231

RCM 123

research 201

retention 185

size 16

Bush, Vannevar 201

business model 2, 4, 35, 332

alumni associations 315

challenges and closure 342

graduate program 133

in athletics 275

iron triangle 334

online technology 143, 343

open access 237

out-of-state tuition 37

performing arts centers 227

philanthropy in 287

research costs in 214, 345

revenue sources 25

university presses 236

capital projects

facilities 94

financing 245

information technology 160

international branch campuses 155

public-private partnerships 254

Carnegie Classification 10

Casablanca 325

cash on hand 249

Christensen, Clayton 143, 332, 342

classified work 207

Clery Act 180

climate change

academic freedom 137

ESG investing 307

fossil fuel divestment 303

future risks 346

clinical revenue 259

RVUs 264

closure of campuses 336

coaches’ salaries 282

Coetzee, JM 144

college cost increases 50

colors of money 32, 213

competition 2, 51, 335

and cost reduction 56, 143

discounting 177

for enrollments 244, 343

for international graduate students 133

for prestige 296, 327

for research funding 201, 206, 208, 213

in faculty hiring 139

in online program pricing 150

in student aid awards 175

with private-sector salaries 135, 160

compliance costs

biomedical research 261

research 121, 202, 206, 212, 216

time commitment 217

unfunded mandate 52, 217

compliance functions 93, 216

Conference USA (CUSA) 273

construction cost 241

direct and total project 241

fees 241

hard and soft 241

university vs. commercial 242

wet lab vs. dry lab 242

construction growth trends 244

consulting 141, 282

Cook, Tim 343

cooperative extension 223

budget 224

expenditures 40

funding 223

funding trends 224

in workload distribution 141

land grant legislation 225

revenue 223

corporation 1, 6, 14, 257

giving by 290

cost

administrative bloat 52, 110

by discipline 127

control 54

iron triangle 334

reasons for increasing 50

reductions with COVID-19 337

to produce a degree 126

cost of attendance 172, 185, 328

cost of education 46

education and related 126

financial aid role 173

in-state and out-of-state 47

labor 103

net price 49

rising 50

course materials 195

COVID-19

athletics 278

emergency fund 249

employee reductions 96

impacts 4, 336

international enrollments 152

online 145, 148, 343

residence hall revenue 246

risk of closure 336

tuition revenue 341

CPI 10, 52, 195, 302

credentialing 144, 343

credit rating 247

cross-subsidies 123

athletics 280

graduate program 135

humanities vs. STEM 129

in college budget 122

medical school 259

mission support 259

research 210

data notes 9, 21

days cash on hand 249

debt

construction 245

facilities 245

service 246

degree

cost by discipline 127

cost to produce 126

earnings after graduating 317

financial benefits of 317

Delaware Cost Study 127

department budget 122

Department of Defense 207, 210

Department of Energy 207

depreciation 40

dining

cost of attendance 185

in student affairs 178

outsourced 54, 253

privatized 89

direct costs

graduate program budget 135

in college budget 121

in research grant budget 211

restricted funds 32

discipline

costs by 122, 126–127, 129

faculty salaries by 135

faculty workload by 140

in faculty hiring 139

in university rankings 325

medical faculty salaries by 262

research funding by 208

teaching vs. research assistants by 135

trends by major field 130

discount

financial aid 27, 173

graduate tuition waiver 215

in closure risk 336

in-state and out-of-state 49

rate 176

to revenue 22

tuition 37

tuition and fee 27

divestment

ESG investing 307

fossil fuel 303, 346

Division I 269, 272, 274, 280

Division II 270, 274

Division III 270, 273–274

donor-advised funds 291, 313

donors 32, 290

alumni 313

athletics 275

endowments 294

fundraising 307

museums 231

non-alumni 290, 295, 314

performing arts 228

privatization 89

Dr. Seuss 156

Drucker, Peter 333

Duncan, Arne 334

earnings

after graduation 317

and debt 71, 193, 195

and rankings 327

by education level 317

by major 320

future and tuition 129, 133

selectivity effect 322

wage premium 318

ecological fallacy 341

economic impact 329

economic theories of cost 50

educational technology 162, 343

Education and Related (E & R) budget 43–45, 47, 80

per degree 126

student services spending share 184

emergency fund 249

employees 2, 93, 95, 136

costs in college budget 121

earnings as graduates 318

exempt 140

faculty 140

faculty titles 99

fringe benefits 115

fundraising 307

graduate assistants 215

headcount 95

hospital or medical 257

information technology 159

instructional staff 100

layoffs 337

library 156

museum 232

outsourcing 254

parking 252

postdocs 215

professional staff 110

recruiting and admissions 165

salaries 97, 108

student services 184

support staff 93, 108

tenured 136

endowment 293

annual return 299

divestment 303

ESG investing 307

fees 301–302

intergenerational equity 301

investment portfolio 302

largest 295

management 301

multiple funds 294

museum 231

payout 296, 299, 301

payout and closure risk 338

performance 299

size 294

endowment income 287

university press 235

vs. state appropriations 299

energy

costs 248

efficiency 346

sector 303

enrollment 16

and state appropriations 74, 78

athletes 276

college rankings effect upon 327

COVID-19 pandemic effect on 336

definition 17

FTE 17

future demographic trend in 342

growth 16

headcount 17

international 151

online 145

out-of-state and international 36

trends by major 130

enrollment management 165

iron triangle 176

equity

funding and access 86, 172

in spinoff company 220

intergenerational in endowments 301

private investment 269, 302

Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) 269

Erasmus program 151

ERP 160

ESG investing 307

ETOB 123

expenditures 13, 39

academic support 40–41

administration 41

auxiliaries 40–41

by function of expense 40–41

by nature of expense 39

depreciation 40

institutional support 40

instruction 40–41

interest on debt 40

library 156

operation and maintenance 39

per student 43

public service 40–41

public vs. private institutions 43

research 40

salaries and benefits 39

scholarships and aid 41

student services 40–41

trends in 44

university press 236

experiment stations 226

facilities

age profile 244

outsourced 254

total value 242

facilities and administration

administrative rate cap 212

costs 121, 210, 261, 291

cost waivers 213

negotiated rate 211

reduced rate 212

facilities and finance 241

faculty 2

collective noun 9

contingent 99, 103, 131, 138, 142

costs in grant proposals 211

employees 93

fringe benefits 116

headcount 98

hiring 139

in college budget 121

inventors 220

job titles 99

medical school 259

medical school salaries 262

parking 252

part-time 103

practice plan 259

rank and composition 101

research compliance workload 216

research funding 201

research funding success 208

salaries 105

salaries by discipline 135

space costs 122

tenure 136

textbooks authored by 199

understanding of budget 125

view of administrative bloat 110

workload 140

FAFSA 61

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) 140

FBS 269, 272, 278, 280

FCS 271–272, 274, 278

federal

aid by institution 67

compliance costs 216

facilities and administration costs 210

financial aid 10, 27, 59, 61

financial ratings 337

funding and intellectual property 218

funding compared to other countries 90

funding of medical schools 260

graduation rate 180

grants and contracts 22

health science funding 265

land grant 223, 225

loan repayment 193

loans 51, 60–61, 69

research funding 202, 205, 344

research funding by field and agency 209

research investments 1

restricted funds 32

spending on higher education 59

work study 60

fees 25, 36

article/book processing 238

athletics 269, 274

course 25

designated funds 33

gift 312

in college budget 121

in construction cost 241

in cost of attendance 185

investment management 301

online 143

parking 252

performing artist 230

program 25

revenue from 27

fiduciary duty 303, 305

financial aid

by income level 171

by institution 65

federal 59

graduate 61

graduate assistantship 112

merit aid 26, 167, 173

need-based 26, 64, 167, 173

net tuition 119

non-need-based 26, 64, 173

Pell Grant 59

per student 61

public funding 59

stackable 175

state 59

undergraduate 61

first professional degrees 18

Fitch 247

Flutie Factor 284

follow the money 5

football 269, 275, 278

benefits of success 284

coaches’ salaries 282

conference membership 273

injuries 346

revenue sport 280

for-profit

acquired by nonprofit 145

closures 336

in iron triangle 335

institutions 10

journal bundles 157

loan repayment 194

medical schools 257

new models 345

online 145

student loans 71

vs. nonprofit margin 56

Fortune 500 16

fossil fuel

academic freedom 137

climate change risk 346

divestment 303

ESG investing 307

usage 248

foundation 310

at public vs. private institutions 311

divestment 306

donor-advised funds 291

endowment management 302, 311

family 313

gift policy 311

gift revenue 23

gifts vs. grants 291

giving 290

grant-making 291

growth in importance 290

multiple endownments 294

open access support 238

paying reduced F & A 210, 212

support for performance funding 87

free college 190, 347

fringe benefits 115

in college budget 121

in research grant proposal 211

FTE 17, 29

admission staff 165

aid per student 61

expenditures per 338

graduate assistantship at 0.5 134, 215

graduate assistants on college budget 121

gross square footage per 242

IT spending per 159

personnel in college budget 121

spending per 43

state appropriations per 78, 83

trends in spending per 44

Fulbright program 151

fundraising 287, 307, 309

campaign 309–310

costs 312

gift officer 307

glossary 308

performing arts 228

trends in giving 289

funds

restricted, unrestricted and designated 34

future of higher education 341

Gates Foundation 290

Gatorade 218

GDP 73, 90

GI Bill 1, 59, 75, 227, 342

gift officer 307, 309

gifts

alumni 290, 314

amounts 287

and athletic success 285

as revenue source 23, 121

athletics vs. academics 292

by foundations 290

cash vs. endowment 292

donors 290

endowment 291, 294

fees 312

for athletics 288, 292

forms of 311

for research 288

glossary 309

naming 293

non-alumni 290, 314

principal or major 308

public vs. private 287

restricted 291

scholarships 291

to capital 291

to current operations 291

to museums 231

trends 289

unrestricted 291

gift table 307, 310

Gilman, Daniel Coit 234

Gone with the Wind 325

Google 218

Gore, Al 137

graduate assistants 112

cost vs. postdocs 214

graduate program costs 134

headcount 112

in research grants 211

international 153

stipends 113, 121

Graduate Medical Education (GME) 261

graduate program

and teaching 133

association with research 210

costs 133

employee tuition benefit 112

in college budget 119

tuition and fees 25

graduation rate 180

bias 180

improving trend 183

in enrollment management 165

in perfomance funding 86

in rankings 324

six-year 180

student success approach 179

undercount 182

vs. attainment rate 181

grants and contracts 22–23, 35

compliance costs 217

federal research funding trends 205

fixed-price 213

goverment funding 59

grants vs. contracts 213

lose money 210

medical school revenue 260

research 202

restricted funds 32

supporting graduate students 133

GRE 169

Great Depression 73

Great Recession 4, 20, 56, 59, 73, 87, 101, 151, 189, 205, 220, 251, 301, 336

gross square footage (GSF) 242

Hatch Act 225

headcount 17

health sciences 257

disciplines 210

research funding 265

HEPI 52, 54, 116, 302

HERD 202, 210

hospitals 257

human resources 93, 162

Humboldt, Wilhelm von 333

incentive

employee tuition benefit 116

faculty summer salary 141

indirect cost recovery 213

institutional in IP licensing 220

performance funding 86

perverse in budgeting 124

presidential pay 328

principal-agent problem 52

income

and affordability 189

country 90, 345

earnings by graduates 317

economic mobility 317

family 26, 51, 59, 71, 170, 189

financial aid 171

food insecurity 188

gap 318

inequality 189, 310, 319

in rankings 328

in retention 177

need-based financial aid 173

wage premium 318

incremental budgeting 123

college budget 121

vs. RCM 124

indirect cost

graduate program budget 135

recovery 210

recovery in college budget 121

research grant budget 212

inflation 10, 20, 50, 52

information security 162

information technology

centralization 161

expenditures 159

fee 25

in construction costs 242

infrastructure 159

museum spending 232

staff 109

university press spending 236

in-state 35

affordable world-class education 335

cost of attendance 187

enrollment 167, 336

state aid 63

students, marginal cost of 49

students online 149

students subsidized by out-of-state 47

tuition 25

tuition and state appropriations 80

tuition discounting 28

tuition for graduate assistants 211, 215

tuition increases 26

institutional subsidy 45

instruction

investment in 41

instructional staff

by rank 101

composition 101

headcount 98

part-time 103

salaries 97, 105

workload 140

intellectual property 218

interest on debt 40

international higher education 90

branch campuses 154, 346

exchange 154

future growth 345

international programs 151

microcampus 156, 346

study abroad 154

international students

by country 153

COVID-19 pandemic decline 152

enrollment 36, 151

funding 152

global market 345

international programs 151

online 149

revenue 35

investment income 22

divestment 303

endowment portfolio 302

in revenue mix 23

performing arts 230

public vs. private institutions 23, 31

subsidizing research 344

unrestricted funds 34

volatility in 32

investment returns

from attending college 319

fundraising 312

performing arts endowment 230

per student 29, 31

IPEDS 10

iron triangle 176, 334

Jobs, Steve 317

Kerr, Clark 4, 252, 317

land grant 223

universities 225

Latin terms 1, 7, 171, 313, 317

learning management systems (LMS) 162

liberal arts

antebellum institutions 226

baccalaureate colleges 14

business model 332

closure risk 342

earnings after graduation 320

economic benefits of degree 317

future 344

online market 145

library expenditures 156

and open access 238

Big Deal subscription bundling 158

materials budget 156

on university press materials 236

licensing income 219

liquidity 249

ratios 251

loans

collateral 51

debt at graduation 191

federal 51, 60–61

federal by institution 67

graduate student debt 193

highest debt at graduation 193

in free college plans 190

institutional 246

non-federal 70

per student 69

repayment 193

trends 71

maintenance

deferred 160, 243

in college facilities costs 121

of athletics facilities 278

of facilities 39, 243

of outsourced facilities 254

of parking facilities 252

margin 56–57

athletics 278, 280

auxiliaries 23

by discipline 130

from out-of-state 49

fundraising 312

in economic impact 331

international programs 154

myth of F & A overhead 212

performing arts centers 228

university presses 236

marketing 56, 89, 178

fundraising campaigns 310

in advancement 308

in museum budget 232

online 143

performing arts 228

recruitment and admissions 165

university presses 236

materials

in research grant budget 211

library budget 156

McCarthy, Mary 144

McRaven, William 3

Medicaid 82, 262

medical school 257

causes of high salaries 263

faculty practice plan 259

faculty salaries 262

mission support 259

revenue 260

revenue trends 261

supported by clinical activity 259

tuition 259

Medicare 262, 264

mergers

and closures 336, 342

publishing 199

microcampus 156

Mid-American Conference (MAC) 273

mission support 259

mobility

economic 319

in rankings 325

international student 151

MOOCs 144, 333, 343, 345

Moody’s 247, 249

Morrill Acts 225

Mountain West Conference (MWC) 273

movie quotes 5, 325

MTDC 211

museums 230

budgets 231

business model 231

endowment 231

selling collection taboo 233

staff 232

NAIA 270, 272

naming

policy and practice 293

NASA 207, 210

National Healthcare Expenditures (NHE) 54

NCAA 269, 272

coaches’ salaries 282

conferences 272

expenditures 278

media and game income 274

revenue sports 280

scholarship aid 278

net assignable square footage (NASF) 242

net price

affordability 189

in cost of attendance 187

in cost of education 49

increase 50

in financial aid 172

NIH

funding by discipline 209

funding by disease 265

funding by institute 265

funding by institution 267

graduate stipends 115

health science research funding 265

research expenditures 202, 205

research grant success 208

vs. NSF funding 207

non-instructional staff

administrative bloat 111

salaries 97, 108

nonprofit

athletic associations 272

bottom line 9

Bowen’s Law 51

closures 336, 342

institutions 10

journal bundles 158

margin vs. profit 56

online 145

philanthropy 212, 309

research funding 206

restricted and unrestricted funds 32

NSF 210

funding by discipline 209

research expenditures 202

research grant success 208

vs. NIH funding 207

oldest universities 6

online 143

blended or hybrid 149

COVID-19 effects 148

enrollment 145

future expansion 343

graduate students 149

student profile 149

vs. entertainment industry 147

open access 159, 236

operation and maintenance 39

OPM 146, 254

Oreskes, Naomi 303

organizational structure 6–7, 93

performing arts centers 228

out-of-state 35

affluent students attending 173

cost of attendance 187

enrollment 85, 167, 336

students subsidizing in-state 47

tuition 25

tuition discounting 28

tuition increases 26

outsourcing 54, 253

commodity IT 161

endowment management 302

privatization 89

public-private partnerships 253

Pac-12 272–273, 282

parking

athletics 292

costs 252

Nobel prize reserved 253

outsourced 89

patents 218, 332

payroll 39

Pell Grant 59, 62

access 51

in performance funding 86

in US higher education 1

tuition and fees 27

performance funding 86

performing arts center 227

budget 228

business model 227

Pfizer 219

philanthropy 310

postdocs 214, 220

cost vs. graduate assistants 214

Power Five 272, 274, 280

practice plan 259

president

appointment by board 8

designated funds 33

direct reports 93, 228

fundraising 292

iron triangle 334

revenue profile 25

salary 263, 282, 328

Presley, Elvis 201

prestige

Bowen’s Law 51

business model 332

discounting 177

endowment 295

faculty hiring 139

future stratification 344

hospital 259

rankings 324

research 210

scholarship awards 175

selectivity 322

university press 236

pricing

business model 332

differences neutralized by exchange 154

discounting 176

online 143, 150

principal-agent problem 52

principal investigator 135, 202, 204, 208, 211, 215

co-PI 202

private good 4, 78, 346

privatization 4

athletics 269

entire institution 88

public-private partnerships 89

productivity

and tenure 137

clinical and RVUs 264

cost theories 50

degree 127

research 201, 344

teaching 54

profit 9, 56–57

media companies 272

textbook 199

provost 93, 228

public funding 4, 59, 344

public good 4, 78, 317, 346

public-private partnerships 253

public service 223

technology transfer 222

quality

academic 49, 56, 324

assurance in performance funding 86

Bowen’s Law 51

brand 175, 345

business model 333

construction 254

early land grant institutions 226

graduate education 133

incoming class 176

in iron triangle 334

of applicants 284

of education 57

online 144

research 210, 214

selectivity 322

tenure and scholarship 137

university press books 237

rainy day fund 249

rankings 323

athletics success 284

effects 327

enrollment yield 167

financial indicators 251

halo effect 324

Lombardi 329

research 201, 325

selectivity in 322

RCM 123

college budget 119

vs. incremental budgeting 124

recruiting 165, 176, 178

spending on 165, 185

staff 165

summer melt 168

research 201

administration 204

business model 332

centers and institutes 202, 206, 213, 216, 263, 293, 297

competition 206

expenditures 202

expenditures reflecting revenues 204

federal funding 206

funding 201

funding by agency 207

funding by discipline 208

future role 344

grants 202

health sciences funding 265

importance of 214

loses money 210

productivity 201

quality 214

revenues 202

trends in expenditures 205

residence halls

cost of attendance 186

facilities costs 242

in student affairs 178

restricted funds 32

endowment 294

gifts 291

retention

budgets 185

cost 177

enrollment management 165

faculty 139

improving graduation rate 177

in rankings 324

investing in 52

rate 179

rate and closure risk 338

student services to improve 184

underlying challenges 178, 182

vs. attrition 177

retirement

early 337

fringe benefit 115

revenue 13

athletics 269, 274

clinical 257, 259

cooperative extension 223

COVID-19 pandemic 336

early universities 6

endowment return 299

hospital 257

land grant 223

licensing 219

medical school 257

mix 23

per student FTE 29

philanthropy 287

research 205

sources 21

sports 280

trends per FTE 31

university press 234

risk

athletics injury lawsuits 346

climate change 346

composite index 339

credit rating 247

divestment 303

endowment management 301

fixed-price contract 213

indicators 338

IP investment 222

of closure 23, 336, 342

performing arts 228

public-private partnerships 253

reputation 89, 155

room and board 176, 185, 336

Russo, Richard 144

RVUs 264

salaries

after graduation 317, 320

and benefits 39, 52

anticipated vs. debt 193

buy out of teaching 141

by education level 317

endowment support 294

faculty 105, 135

head coaches’ 282

in college budget 121

in cost by discipline 128–129

in grant proposals 211

in information technology 160

in research costs 214

medical school 262

postdocs vs. graduate assistants 215

staff 97, 108

summer 141, 202

tenure implications 137

SAM 181

SAT 168

and college rankings 326

SCH 119

and teaching assistants 135

cost per 127, 129

scholarships

athletic 174, 272, 291

expenditures 41

gifts 291

in net tuition 22

in pandemic 337

to increase access 335

Schumacher, Julie 144

SEC 272–273, 282

selectivity 165, 332, 344

effect on earnings 322

in rankings 324

signaling 322

Sexton, John 324

Smiley, Jane 144

Smith-Lever Act 223, 225

soft power 151

S & P 500 299, 304

space per student 242

spinoff company 220, 329

Standard & Poor’s 247

startup funds 93, 216

startups 155, 220, 332

state aid 63–64

by institution 67

per student 63

trends 67

state appropriations 22–23

and athletic success 285

and performance funding 86

and privatization 87

as endowment income 299

cuts and tuition increases 85

decline 78

history 73

in college budget 121

in public higher education funding 59

outside higher education 82

per student 78

per student by state 80

primary revenue as leverage 34

spread across institutions 106

trends per student 75

trends with enrollment 78

unrestricted funds 33

vs. tuition revenue 83

sticker price 25, 50, 176, 191, 317

stimulus funding 205, 337

Stokes, Donald 201

student affairs 165, 178

Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act 180

student services

expansion 52, 111

expenditures 184

student spending, economic impact of 331

student success

improving trend 183

in enrollment management 165

investing in 52

student services spending 184

vs. weeding out 179

subsidy

across disciplines 129

across sports 280

departments in college budget 122

in-state vs. out-of-state 47

institutional 45

medical school by practice plan 259

of athletics 269, 274, 346

research 210, 344

state 173

university press 235

subventions 123

summer melt 168

Sun Belt Conference (S-Belt) 273

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 294

technology transfer 218

economic impact 221, 329

licensing income 219

tenure

definition 136

faculty job titles 99

financial implications 136

grants and publications 201

just cause for dismissal 136

share of faculty with 138

textbook

author royalties 199

bookstore sales 198

digital 196, 199, 343

faculty-authored 199

prices 195

publisher portion of price 199

spending 195

ticket sales 228, 274, 278, 280

time-to-degree 86, 126, 134, 193

Title IX 280

tribal colleges 227

Truman Commission 75

Tufts syndrome 167

tuition 22

and college rankings 328

and fees 27

costs covered by 45

COVID-19 pandemic 336

discounting 176

employee benefit 115

free college 190

graduate and professional 134

graduate assistant vs. postdoc cost 215

in college budget 119

in cost of attendance 172, 187

increase after funding cuts 85

increases 26

in medical school revenue 259

in other countries 90

in-state and out-of-state 35

international 153

online 143

per FTE 31

rates 25

remission 211

revenue in RCM 124

revenue trends 47

revenue vs. state revenue 83

sticker price 25

vs. institutional subsidy 45

waivers 133

unbundling 144, 343

unemployment

and enrollment 19

benefit 115

by education level 318

by major 320

faculty composition 101

universities

early 6

size 16

structure 7

University of Bologna 7

University of Padua 7

university presses 234

and open access 237

business model 236

expenditures 236

revenue 234

unrestricted funds 32, 213

gifts 291

USDA 207, 210, 224

utility costs 248

utility usage and activity 248

value

academic 231

added in business model 332

cultural 228, 231

economic impact 329

educational 145

endowment 294, 299

financial 51, 56

financial, in rankings 325

for money 49

institutional values 303

of a degree 317

of facilities 242

of philanthropy 312

of research 214

relative value units (RVUs) 264

value proposition 317, 332

venture capital 302

visitor spending, economic impact of 331

VSA 181

wage premium 318

Warfarin 218

workload

distribution 141

faculty 128, 140

faculty research time 214

medical faculty and RVUs 264

research compliance 216

teaching, research and service 141

work study 60

World War II 73, 227

yield 167, 285

in rankings 324

protection 167

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