Likely to be beneficial

Raise awareness amongst the general public through campaigns and public information

1A literature review from North America found that education was not sufficient to change behaviour, but that it was necessary for the success of economic incentives and law enforcement. Assessment: likely to be beneficial (effectiveness 45 %; certainty 48 %; harms 0 %).

2http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/162

Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)

Provide bird feeding materials to families with young children

3A single replicated, paired study from the USA found that most children involved in a programme providing families with bird food increased their knowledge of birds, but did not significantly change their environmental attitudes. Assessment: unknown effectiveness — limited evidence (effectiveness 42 %; certainty 20 %; harms 0 %).

4http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/163

No evidence found (no assessment)

5We have captured no evidence for the following interventions:

• Enhance bird taxonomy skills through higher education and training
• Provide training to conservationists and land managers on bird ecology and conservation