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What Works in Conservation 2020
Introduction
1. Amphibian conservation
Note on the book
1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
1.2 Threat: Agriculture
1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
1.5 Threat: Biological resource use
1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
1.9 Threat: Pollution
1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
1.11 Habitat protection
1.12 Habitat restoration and creation
1.13 Species management
1.14 Education and awareness raising
2. Bat conservation
2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
2.2 Threat: Agriculture
2.3 Threat: Energy production
2.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
2.5 Threat: Biological resource use
2.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
2.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
2.8 Threat: Invasive or problematic species and disease
2.9 Threat: Pollution
2.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
2.11 Habitat protection
2.12 Habitat restoration and creation
2.13 Species management
2.14 Education and awareness raising
3. Bird conservation
3.1 Habitat protection
3.2 Education and awareness raising
3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development
3.4 Threat: Agriculture
3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining
3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
3.7 Threat: Biological resource use
3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications
3.10 Habitat restoration and creation
3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species
3.12 Threat: Pollution
3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events
3.14 General responses to small/declining populations
3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)
4. Farmland conservation
4.1 All farming systems
4.2 Arable farming
4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops
4.4 Livestock farming
4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development
4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals
4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors
4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)
4.9 Threat: Natural system modification
4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
4.11 Threat: Education and awareness
5. Forest conservation
5.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
5.2 Threat: Agriculture
5.3 Threat: Transport and service corridors
5.4 Threat: Biological resource use
5.5 Habitat protection
5.6 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
5.7 Threat: Pollution
5.8 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
5.9 Habitat protection
5.10 Habitat restoration and creation
5.11 Actions to improve survival and growth rate of planted trees
5.12 Education and awareness raising
6. Peatland conservation
6.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
6.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
6.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
6.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
6.5 Threat: Biological resource use
6.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
6.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
6.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
6.9 Threat: Pollution
6.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
6.11 Habitat creation and restoration
6.12 Actions to complement planting
6.13 Habitat protection
6.14 Education and awareness
7. Primate conservation
7.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
7.2 Threat: Agriculture
7.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
7.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
7.5 Threat: Biological resource use
7.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
7.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
7.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species and genes
7.9 Threat: Pollution
7.10 Education and Awareness
7.11 Habitat protection
7.12 Species management
7.13 Livelihood; economic and other incentives
8. Shrublandand Heathland conservation
8.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
8.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
8.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
8.4 Threat: Biological resource use
8.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
8.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
8.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
8.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
8.9 Threat: Pollution
8.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
8.11 Threat: Habitat protection
8.12 Habitat restoration and creation
8.13 Actions to benefit introduced vegetation
8.14 Education and awareness
9. Management of captive animals
9.1 Ex-situ conservation – breeding amphibians
9.2 Promoting health and welfare in captive carnivores (felids, canids and ursids) through feeding practices
9.3 Promoting natural feeding behaviours in primates in captivity
10. Some aspects of control of freshwater invasive species
10.1 Threat: Invasive plants
10.2 Threat: Invasive molluscs
10.3 Threat: Invasive crustaceans
10.4 Threat: Invasive fish
10.5 Threat: Invasive reptiles
10.6 Threat: Invasive amphibians
11. Some aspects of enhancing natural pest control
11.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
11.2 All farming systems
11.3 Arable farming
11.4 Perennial farming
11.5 Livestock farming and pasture
12. Enhancing soil fertility
12.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
12.2 All farming systems
12.3 Arable farming
12.4 Livestock and pasture farming
13. Subtidal benthic invertebrateconservation
13.1 Threat: Energy production and mining
13.2 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
13.3 Threat: Biological resource use
13.4 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbances
13.5 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases
13.6 Threat: Pollution
13.7 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
13.8 Habitat protection
13.9 Habitat restoration and creation
13.10 Species management
13.11 Education and awareness
- Table des matières
1. Amphibian conservation
Rebecca K. Smith, Helen Meredith et William J. Sutherland1. Amphibian conservation
2. Bat conservation
Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson O.C. et John D. Altringham2. Bat conservation
3. Bird conservation
David R. Williams, Matthew F. Child, Lynn V. Dicks et al.3. Bird conservation
4. Farmland conservation
Lynn V. Dicks, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Juliana Dänhardt et al.4. Farmland conservation
5. Forest conservation
har’El Agra, Simon Schowanek, Yohay Carmel et al.5. Forest conservation
6. Peatland conservation
Nigel G. Taylor, Patrick Grillas et William J. Sutherland6. Peatland conservation
7. Primate conservation
Jessica Junker, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Lisa Orth et al.7. Primate conservation
8. Shrubland and Heathland conservation
Philip A. Martin, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith et al.8. Shrublandand Heathland conservation
9. Management of captive animals
Coral S. Jonas, Lydia T. Timbrell, Fey Young et al.9. Management of captive animals
10. Some aspects of control of freshwater invasive species
David Aldridge, Nancy Ockendon, Ricardo Rocha et al.10. Some aspects of control of freshwater invasive species
11. Some aspects of enhancing natural pest control
Hugh L. Wright, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Lynn V. Dicks et al.11. Some aspects of enhancing natural pest control
12. Enhancing soil fertility
Georgina Key, Mike Whitfield, Lynn V. Dicks et al.12. Enhancing soil fertility
13. Subtidal benthic invertebrate conservation
Anaelle J. Lemasson, Laura R. Pettit, Rebecca K. Smith et al.13. Subtidal benthic invertebrateconservation
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Référence électronique du chapitre
1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications In : What Works in Conservation 2020 [en ligne]. Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2020 (généré le 29 mars 2024). Disponible sur Internet : <https://books.openedition.org/obp/17367>. ISBN : 979-10-365-6992-0.Sutherland, W. J., Dicks, L. V., Petrovan, S. O., & Smith, R. K. (Eds.) 2020. 1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications. In What Works in Conservation 2020. Open Book Publishers. Tiré de https://books.openedition.org/obp/17367Sutherland, William J, et al., (dir..) “1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications”. Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2020. (pp. 27-29) Web. <https://books.openedition.org/obp/17367>.Référence électronique du livre
SUTHERLAND, William J. (dir.) ; et al. What Works in Conservation 2020. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2020 (généré le 29 mars 2024). Disponible sur Internet : <https://books.openedition.org/obp/17287>. ISBN : 979-10-365-6992-0.Sutherland, W. J., Dicks, L. V., Petrovan, S. O., & Smith, R. K. (Eds.) 2020. What Works in Conservation 2020. Open Book Publishers. Tiré de https://books.openedition.org/obp/17287Sutherland, William J, et al., ed. What Works in Conservation 2020. Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2020. Web. <https://books.openedition.org/obp/17287>.Compatible avec Zotero - Partager URL :
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1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
Beneficial
Regulate water levels
1Three studies, including one replicated, site comparison study, in the UK and USA found that maintaining pond water levels, in two cases with other habitat management, increased or maintained amphibian populations or increased breeding success. One replicated, controlled study in Brazil found that keeping rice fields flooded after harvest did not change amphibian abundance or numbers of species, but changed species composition. One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that draining ponds increased abundance and numbers of amphibian species. Assessment: beneficial (effectiveness 70 %; certainty 65 %; harms 10 %).
2http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/833
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)
Mechanically remove mid-storey or ground vegetation
3One randomized, replicated, controlled study in the USA found that mechanical understory reduction increased numbers of amphibian species, but not amphibian abundance. Assessment: unknown effectiveness — limited evidence (effectiveness 40 %; certainty 30 %; harms 0 %).
4http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/781
Likely to be ineffective or harmful
Use herbicides to control mid-storey or ground vegetation
5Three studies, including two randomized, replicated, controlled studies, in the USA found that understory removal using herbicide had no effect or negative effects on amphibian abundance. One replicated, site comparison study in Canada found that following logging, abundance was similar or lower in stands with herbicide treatment and planting compared to those left to regenerate naturally. Assessment: likely to be ineffective or harmful (effectiveness 10 %; certainty 50 %; harms 50 %).
6http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/778
Use prescribed fire or modifications to burning regime (forests)
7Eight of 15 studies, including three randomized, replicated, controlled studies, in Australia, North America and the USA found no effect of prescribed forest fires on amphibian abundance or numbers of species. Four found that fires had mixed effects on abundance. Four found that abundance, numbers of species or hatching success increased and one that abundance decreased. Assessment: likely to be ineffective or harmful (effectiveness 30 %; certainty 58 %; harms 40 %).
8http://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/877
Use prescribed fire or modifications to burning regime (grassland)
9Two of three studies, including one replicated, before-and-after study, in the USA and Argentina found that prescribed fires in grassland decreased amphibian abundance or numbers of species. One found that spring, but not autumn or winter burns in grassland, decreased abundance. Assessment: likely to be ineffective or harmful (effectiveness 10 %; certainty 40 %; harms 70 %).