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Women in Nineteenth-Century Russia

 | 
Wendy Rosslyn
, 
Alessandra Tosi

Index

Full text

abbesses 61, 62

Abramtsevo 10-11, 111

Académie Julian 108, 110

Academy of Arts, St Petersburg 9, 10, 91, 92- 93, 94, 96-98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106-07, 108-10, 113, 125

actress 3, 5-6, 12-14, 24, 123, 131, 137-50, 205, 222

as ’precious pearl’ of the Russian theatre 137-39, 148-152, 154-55, 156, 157-59

as prostitute 13, 139, 155 See also prostitution

as public woman 139-43 in Silver Age Russia 137-39, 157-58

Adaevskaia, Ella (pseud. of Ella Shul’ts) 132-33

adultery 27, 29, 38, 214, 215, 222, 230, 233

Afanas’ev, Aleksandr N. 42

Agafonova, Zinaida 32-37, 40

Agreneva-Slavianskaia, Ol’ga 133

Akhmatova, Anna 3, 107, 106

alcohol 225

trade in 51

alcoholism 36, 54-55, 146, 237

Aleksandra Fedorovna 124

Aleksandrova-Kochetova, Aleksandra 131

Aleksandrova, Liubov’ 28-31, 32, 40

Alexander I, Emperor 97, 138

Alexander II, Emperor 107, 127, 132, 217

ambivalence 155, 164, 180, 191

Andrew, Joe 3, 175-76, 184, 188

Anna Ioannovna, Empress 141

anonymity 9, 11, 42, 71, 72, 78, 80, 85, 87, 122

Antipov, Prokopii 223

apocryphal texts 49, 67-68, 75, 82

applied arts 9, 92-93, 94, 95, 101, 103, 110, 116

Apraksina, Natal’ia, Countess 231

architecture 92, 94, 95, 97, 104, 107-08, 111, 113

archives 5, 7, 12, 14, 17, 150

Arshinina, Avdot’ia 222

Artel khudozhnikov 102

Arzamas 14, 163 See also Beseda

Asenkova, Aleksandra 156, 158

Astakhova, Alla 49

Attwood, Lynne 3

Augusta of Württemberg, Princess (later Countess Maria Fedorovna) 94, 231

Authenticity of peasant life 8, 43, 48, 50

artistic 68, 69, 139, 145, 167, 183, 194 of theatrical performance 144, 146, 147, 150, 154, 156, 15

as created through suffering 146

as indicated by tears 144, 155

autobiography 5, 7, 15, 73, 143, 156, 157, 172, 177, 180, 190-91, 204-05

avant-garde 93, 113, 114, 115-17

Bakst, Lev 107

Bakunina, A. M. 98

Bakunina, Praskov’ia 177

Balakirev, Milii 127-28

Balkan Peninsula 45

ballet 141-42

Ballets Russes 113

baptism 41, 48, 53

Barker, Adele 3

Bashkirtseva, Mariia 192

Batiushkov, Konstantin 15, 154

Bekhterev family 49

Belinskii, Vissarion 4, 5, 176

Beseda 14, 163

bestiality 216, 225

best-sellers 16, 198, 199

Bezborodko, Aleksandr 124

Bible, biblical 52, 65, 67, 68, 71, 75-76, 227

binary oppositions 44, 112

biography 29, 48, 127, 129, 143, 146, 147,

150, 151, 152, 169, 204

Blakesley, Rosalind 9-11, 119, 120, 125, 129

Bludov, Dmitri, Count 217

Bonnell, Victoria E. 4

Borodin, Aleksandr 127

Bowlt, John E. 115

brideprice 41

Briullov, Karl 105

Briusov, Valerii 16, 135

Briusova, Nadezhda 135

Brokgaus-Èfron Encyclopedic Dictionary 2

Bullock, Philip Ross 11-12, 17, 92, 98

Bunina, Anna 14-15, 163, 164-65, 195

Cameron, Charles 95

capitalism 21, 46, 50

Cassiday, Julie 5, 12-14, 17, 124, 131

Catherine II (Catherine the Great) 11, 94, 95, 97-98, 104, 121, 124, 141, 149, 162, 214, 228, 231

catholicism 45, 69

censorship 7, 15, 42, 132, 170, 172, 181

census of 1897 52

Chaikovskii, Petr 119, 122, 126-27, 130-31

charity 10, 23, 58

charms 7, 49, 121, 145

Chekhov, Anton 43

The Seagull (Chaika) 14, 158-59 See also Zarechnaia, Nina ’Tat’iana Repina’ 131

Chernogriazh, parish of 57

Chernyshevskii, Nikolai 15, 166, 180-81,

What is to be done? (Chto delat’?) 178, 184

Chester, Pamela 3

Chet’i-Minei 68, 73

childbirth 53, 151

Christ 8, 52, 53, 55, 57

christianity 8, 43, 44, 45, 49, 61, 63-90, 216, 227

class 20, 34, 47, 59, 102, 134, 193, 194 and gender 6, 8, 11-12, 22, 23-24, 32, 47, 61, 62, 103, 123, 126, 141, 144

classicism 94, 102-03, 192 neo-classicism 122 149

Clements, Barbara 2

clergy (Russian Orthodox) 4, 8, 54, 61, 65-66, 70, 72, 73, 76, 79, 82-87

clothing 50, 60, 155, 171, 188, 235

Clyman, Toby 3

Colloquium of Admirers of the Russian Word See Beseda

commercial culture 6, 19, 21, 198

confessions 47-48, 145, 222

conservatoires 102, 125-26, 127, 130-31, 132, 133, 135

constructivism 107, 112, 116, 117

consumer culture 21, 40, 61

consumerism 23, 43, 51

Contemporary, The (Sovremennik) 170, 178, 189, 190

Costlow, Jane 3, 181, 205

cottage articraft See kustar crafts

cultural studies 3, 44

culture See also literacy; peasants; women

elite 5, 9, 11-13, 16, 20-22, 23, 25, 42-44, 104, 142, 155, 200, 201, 210

Marian-centred 63-90

material 45

official 43

oral 41-42, 48, 64, 176, 185

peasant 41-62, 121

popular 5, , 120, 198, 200

print 47

urban 6, 19-40, 59

written 9, 21, 43

dacha 34-36

Dashkova, Ekaterina 121, 162

Dedilovskaia sloboda 56

defloration 213, 222

Della-Vos-Kardovskaia, Ol’ga 107

demonic possession 48

Diaghilev, Sergei 112

dishonour 214, 218, 22

divorce 27, 37, 39-40, 48, 169, 227-28

Index 241

Dmitrieva, Agnessa 223

Dmitrieva, Valentina 15, 191, 193-94, 206

Dmitrov district 57

domestic sphere 9, 30, 55, 92, 113, 183- 85, 186, 187, 232

domesticity 23, 61, 169, 232

social gatherings 4, 13, 122, 123, 141

violence 211, 229, 231-38

Dostoevskii, Fedor 1 15, 16

Dovgaleva, Marfa 98

dowries 42, 50, 59-60, 235

Drawing School for Auditors, St

Petersburg 99 (fig. 4) 101-02, 111

drunkenness See alcoholism

Durova, Nadezhda 171-73, 175, 177

dvoeverie (dual faith) 8, 44

Eakins, Thomas 107

Easter 51, 52, 57, 116

Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris 109

Ecole Nationale de Dessin pour les

Jeunes Filles 101

economic history 47

education 5, 20-21, 52 See also peasants;

women

Egupova-Cherkasskaia, Praskoviia 231

Ekaterininskii Institute, Moscow 124

Ekaterinoslav 212

Ekonen, Kirsti 202

Ekster, Aleksandra 113, 115

Elena Pavlovna, grand duchess 126, 132

elite 20, 23, 25, 155, 232 See also culture

Elizaveta Petrovna (Elizabeth),

Empress 121, 141

Elunino (Barnaul district) 225

emancipation

of peasants (1861) 7, 41-43, 46, 49, 62, 178, 224-25, 229

of women 9, 86, 128, 134-35, 174, 180, 183-84, 189, 190, 207 See also woman questrion

Engel, Barbara 2, 5, 6-7, 17

Engel’gardt, Sof’ia See Ol’ga N.

Engelstein, Laura 215

England 21, 109, 120, 143, 236

enlightenment 121, 124, 135, 140, 162, 179, 209-10, 231, 232

Esipova, Anna 131

Eucharist 57, 87

Evangelical groups 52

Exposition Universelle, Paris (1900) 112

family 4, 8, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 37, 40, 42, 46, 48, 50-56, 61, 65, 72, 84-85, 97, 108, 123, 124, 142, 150, 153, 173, 174, 180, 182-87, 190, 191, 194, 209, 210-11, 215-16, 223, 225-26, 227-38 See also Orthodox clerical views

fashion 23, 32, 34, 36, 59, 60, 94, 103

industry 2

literary 15-16, 139

feasts See saints; religious feasts

femininity 138-39, 140, 144, 145, 163-65, 161-207, 211, 232, 238-39

Figes, Orlando 1

fine arts 3, 6, 9-11, 91-117, 119-20, 125, 130, 134, 135

First Ladies’ Art Circle 108

Fletcher, Giles 120

flogging 216, 225, 229, 232

folklore 41, 42, 43, 44, 48-49, 59 See also peasants

folklorists 42, 45-46, 48

folk songs 11

fornication See adultery

France, French 4, 9, 11, 31, 70, 71, 73, 109, 149, 154

fine arts 91, 101, 104, 108-09 See also

Collot, Marie-Anne; Vigée-Lebrun, Marie Louise Elisabeth

literature 149, 165, 185

music 69, 121, 129, 130

theatre 138, 141, 143, 145, 152

Frank, Stephen P. 42, 234

Frierson, Cathy 42

Gagarin family 40

Gagarin, Ivan (prince) 153-54

Galiatovskii, Ioannikii 69

gambling 215

Gan, Elena 173-75, 177, 182, 195

gay and lesbian artists 16, 119

German, Saint 54

Germany, Germans 23, 69, 70, 94, 97, 169, 219

fine arts 94, 104, 153

theatre 138

Gheith, Jehanne 3, 161, 173, 180, 181,

183, 184, 186-87

Gilbert, Sandra 14

Gippius, Zinaida 3, 203

Glinka, Avdot’ia 72-73, 74, 76-77, 81, 82, 177

Glinka, Mikhail 127, 128, 129-30

Golubkina, Anna 107

Goncharova, Natal’ia 93, 113-16

Göpfert, Frank 3

Gorshkov, Boris 46

Goscilo, Helena 3, 114

Government School of Art for Females,

England 109

Great Britain See England

Greene, Diana 3

Greer, Germaine 109

Grigor’ev’s case 219

Gubaidulina, Sof’ia 136

Gubar, Susan 14

Guggenheim Museum, New York 115

Guliaev, Petr 215

Hagen-Schwarz, Julie 104-05

handicrafts 9, 11, 110-11, 112

Heldt, Barbara 3, 7, 15, 160, 172-73

heroines 1, 173, 174, 176, 182-84, 188, 194-95

Hilton, Alison 91, 93, 110

historians 42, 44, 47, 52, 93, 103, 136,

148, 150-51, 153, 210-11

historiography 119, 129, 210-11

Hoch, Steven L. 41

Holmgren, Beth 3

Holy Sepulchre, Church of the 54, 58

honour 31, 64, 86, 211, 214, 217-18, 221, 223, 236, 238

Hoogenboom, Hilde 176

Hubbs, Joanna 44

Hunt, Lynn 4

Iakunchikova, Maria Fedorovna 112

Iakunchikova, Maria Vasil’evna 112, 114

Iaroslavl’ 60

icons 45, 55, 56

Il’ina, Mariia 222

illegitimate children 215, 230

illness 48, 54-55, 145

Imperial Chancellery for Receipt of

Petitions 27, 36, 39

Imperial Society for the Encouragement

of the Arts 98, 101

incest 213, 215, 225, 226, 236

indecent behaviour 30, 36, 215

industrialisation 19-21, 32, 37, 111, 190, 193

industry 50, 101, 111 See also fashion

agricultural 46

cottage 46

service 47

tanning 50

infanticide 216, 223

Inquisition 43

interdisciplinarity 47, 62

Ioann of Kronshtadt 55

Iretskaia, Natal’ia 131

Iudina, Mariia 136

Ivanova-Raevskaia, Mariia 106

Jerusalem 54, 56-57, 58, 70, 77, 79

Jews 16, 71

Kadmina, Evlaliia 131-32

Kaiser, Daniel 211, 214

Kamenskii, Count S.M. 144, 146, 151

Kankrin, Egor 101

Kantorovich, Iakov 210

Karamzin, Nikolai 14, 146, 162-64, 166

See also Arzamas; sentimentalism

Karatygina, Aleksandra 155, 156

Karptsov case 232-33

Kazan’ 53-55

Kelly, Catriona 3, 15, 161, 162, 164, 171, 173, 175, 180, 196, 200

Kherson 212, 221

Khilkova, Ekaterina 99 (fig. 4), 102, 103, 104

Khvoshchinskaia, Nadezhda 7, 10, 15, 181, 182, 183, 187, 188-90, 195

Khvoshchinskaia, Sof’ia 10, 182

Kiaer, Christina 116

Kiev 56

Kiprenskii, Orest 98

Kiui, Tsezar’ 127, 134

Kizenko, Nadieszda 47, 48

Kokhanovskaia, Nadezhda 182, 187

Kollmann 211, 218

Kollontai, Aleksandra 2

Komissarzhevskaia, Vera 5, 14, 137, 158

Kornetchuk, Elena 114

Kosakovskii case 234

Kovaleva, Praskov’ia (Zhemchugova) 11, 13, 58, 123, 139, 142, 143, 148-49, 150, 151-52, 153, 156-57, 158

Kovalevskaia, Sof’ia 191

Kovrigina case 223

Kramskoi, Ivan 102, 111

Kronshtadt 55

Kruglikova, Elizaveta 113

Kuprin, Aleksandr 131

Kurt, Mariia 10, 99

kustar crafts 110-111

Kuz’mina, serf-actress 144

Kuznetsova case 225

Labzina, Anna 7

Lanoux, Andrea 3

Lavrovskaia, Elizaveta 131

law 16-17, 42, 184, 209-38

censorship 42

marriage and 27, 32

passports and 37

property and 32, 37

prostitution and 31

Leberecht, Karl 94

lechery 215

Ledkovsky, Marina 3

Lermontov, Mikhail 10

’Lettre à M. d’Alembert sur les spectacles’ by Jean-Jacques

Rousseau 139, 140, 143, 155 See also

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Levin, Eve 2, 44, 211

life-creation (zhiznetvorchestvo) 14

Lineva, Evgeniia 133, 134, 135

literacy 7, 47, 124 See also culture; peasants; women

lack of 47, 56

literary salons 12, 22-23, 121-23, 163, 165-66, 168, 171, 203 See also salonnière

Liuleva, E. 87

Lopukhina, Countess 231

lubok (popular print) 58

Lutheranism 45

magic 43, 48

folk 7, 48-49

Makukhina, Natal’ia 104

male writers 15, 203

Mamontov, Savva 130, 132

Maria Fedorovna, Empress, 91, 94, 95

(fig. 2) 96 (fig. 3), 97, 100 (fig. 5)

Maria Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess 101

marianism 45, 63-90

Markovich, Mariia Aleksandrovna 185

marriage 5, 13, 27, 28-29, 33, 40, 41, 51, 56, 60-61, 72, 76, 85, 88, 94, 97, 121, 124-25, 143, 148, 182, 183, 184, 186, 188, 195, 216, 221, 227 See also law;

Mary, mother of God; Orthodox

clerical views

choice and 29, 32, 37

Marsh, Rosalind 3, 191

Mary, mother of God 6, 8, 9, 44, 45, 55, 61, 63-90

aprocrypha 68

devotion and imagination 70

icons of 45, 55, 64, 69, 81-82, 90

intercession of 48, 55

imitation of 71

prayer to 53

Jesus’ ministry 79

leadership roles 81

life of 72, 75, 87, 89

marriage and family life 78

motherhood 80, 82

as Our Lady of Kazan’ 53

veneration of 45

virginity 88

vocation of 77

women’s liberation 88

masquerade 167

masculinity 172, 232, 238

matchmaking 58, 61

McReynolds, Louise 24

Mekk, Nadezhda fon 126-27, 134

memoirs 4, 6-7, 12, 13, 14, 47, 129, 141- 42, 143, 147, 156, 166, 172, 180, 185, 189, 194, 231

merchants 6, 20, 23, 26, 34, 51, 53, 59, 99, 102, 131

Mercy-Argenteau, Countess 134

Messenger of Fashion (Vestnik mody) 33

migration 46, 50

Mikirtumov case 219

Miliukova, Antonina 126, 127

Ministry of Education 105

miracles 45 See also Mary, mother of God

tales of 45, 48

misogyny 23, 179

Mlle. Georges See Weimer, Marguerite- Joséphine

monasteries 53, 55, 56, 57, 61, 72, 226

Nikolopestush monastery 57

Saints Mary and Martha women’s

monastery 62

Seraphim-Diveevo Trinity women’s

monastery 54

Sviato-Nikolaevskii monastery 54

Moscow 25, 32, 34, 36, 38-39, 56, 68

province 57, 68

Moscow Art Theatre 108

Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture,

and Architecture 106

Mount Athos 56, 57

Muravyeva, Marianna 16-17

Murom 54

Museum of Modern Art, New York 116

Musina-Pushkina, Tat’iana 231

Musorgskii, Modest 127-29, 130

Nadratovskii case 223

Nagrodskaia, Evdokiia 198

Nekliudov, N.A. 236

neo-classicism See classicism

Newmarch, Rosa 134

Nicholas I, Emperor 101, 104, 124

Nikulina-Kositskaia, Liubov’ 156

Nissen-Saloman, Henriette 131

Nizhnii Novgorod 54

noblewomen 22, 34, 56, 58, 60, 93, 141, 153, 222, 231, 232 See also salonnière

Northern Herald (Severnyi vestnik) 191

Norton, Barbara 2

novel 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 15, 22, 73, 124, 149, 161-207

Odessa 56

Odoevskii, Vladimir 125

Old Believers 32, 34, 43, 47, 52, 86

Old Church Slavonic 52, 53 See also Beseda

Olearius, Adam 120

Olenina d’Al’geim, Mariia 129, 134

Ol’ga N. (pseud. of Sof’ia

Vladimirovna Engel’gardt) 185

opera 11, 121, 123, 128, 130-31, 132, 134- 35, 137, 141, 142, 149

oral history 48

Orshanskii, Il’ia 210

Orsi, Robert 63

Orthodox clerical views

gender 84

marriage and family 85

Mary and the feminist movement 86

women’s preaching and ordination 87

orthodoxy 8, 32, 34, 63-90

Osipov, N. I. 59

Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Anna 113

Other, the 179, 201

paganism 43, 44, 45

painting 10

Panaeva, Aleksandra 130

Panaeva, Avdot’ia 182, 189

Panina, Varia 132

Paraskeva, Saint 44, 45

patriarchy 26

Paul I, Emperor 94, 97, 231

Pavlova, Karolina 12, 16, 166, 169-71, 177, 180, 202

Pavlovsk 94-96

Pazdery 50-52, 54, 57

peasants 7, 20

and folklorists 42

as entrepreneurs 51, 53, 59

as scribes 52

correspondence among 49, 51, 52, 61

education of 52

geographical mobility of 47

household structure of 51

influence of urban culture upon 60

migration of 46

representations of 42

scholars of 47

social mobility of 50, 51, 53, 59, 61

state 49

peasant women 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 20, 24

abuse of 42

and childbirth 48, 51, 52, 53

as correspondents 49, 53, 55, 58, 60

as healers 49

biographies of 48

culture of 44

identities of 45, 61

literacy and education 36, 47, 49

migration of 46

piety of 49, 50, 55, 56, 57, 62

representations of 42, 43

research on 49

voices of 41, 47

peasant writers 16

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts 107

Peredvizhniki (The Wanderers) 109-10, 112

Perm’ 52, 212

province 54

region 47

Peter I (Peter the Great), Emperor 98, 121, 210, 227

Petrovskoe 41

Petrov-Vodkin, Kuz’ma 107

philanthropy 2, 108, 128-29, 150

photography 9, 59, 60, 107, 132

pilgrimages 8, 50, 54-57

pilgrims 54, 56, 71

professional 57

women 8, 54-55, 57

Platonova, Iuliia 130

Plevitskaia, Nadezhda 132

poetry, poets 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 58, 59, 73, 130, 135, 143, 164, 165, 193, 203

women 7, 14, 15, 16, 107, 133, 151, 164- 77, 182, 191, 201, 202-07

Polenova, Elena 111, 112

polygamy 215

’Poor Liza’ (’Bednaia Liza’) by Nikolai

Karamzin 146

Popova, Liubov’ 93, 113, 115-17

popular culture 5, 22, 43, 120, 198, 200

Poretskaia, Mariia 231

Poselianin, Evgenii 70, 78, 80

post-structuralism 42

prayers 49, 53, 55, 56, 57

prescriptive literature 21, 35

printmaking 113

Prokof’ev, Sergei 131

prostitution 13, 22, 31, 139-43, 155, 211, 214, 236 See also actress; law

Protevangelium of James 67-68

pseudonym 5, 15, 132

psychiatry 48

public 9, 22, 29, 35, 99, 131, 153, 154, 198

debates 84, 87

narrator 4

reading groups 78

sphere 4, 9, 12, 13, 19, 21-23, 29, 37, 84, 87, 92, 123, 123, 150, 152, 155

and women 6, 35-36, 38, 86, 120, 158, 162, 164, 169, 172, 176, 178, 184, 202,

204 See also public woman

Purgol’d, Aleksandra (later Molas) 127, 129

Purgol’d, Nadezhda (later Rimskaia-

Korsakova) 127, 128, 134, 135

Pushkareva, Natalia 3

Pushkin, Aleksandr 8-9, 10, 16, 142, 153

Raifa 54, 55

Ransel, David L. 42, 48

rape 17, 212 (fig. 6), 209-38

snokhachestvo 226

raptus 213

realism 178, 181, 184, 188, 189, 193, 197, 201

in painting 105

religion/religious 4, 26, 34, 47, 63-90 See also Christ; Christianity; Orthodoxy religious donations 54, 56-57, 61

experience 7, 14

feasts 53, 54, 68, 71, 73, 77, 89, 196 See also saints

lives 45, 47, 48, 58

scholars of 47

religious beliefs

canonical 44, 48, 49, 50

non-canonical 48

pre-Christian 45

Renne, Elizaveta 104

Repin, Il’ia 107

reputation 29, 42

women’s 6, 13, 14, 21, 30, 31, 133, 157, 164, 166, 170, 211, 218, 222, 223, 234

Revolt of the Fourteen 109

revolution 5, 8, 15

commercial 19

Industrial 21

of 1905 27, 37

of 1917 (October) 15, 93-94, 133, 135, 195, 187

pre- 2, 5, 8, 48, 70-71, 76, 93, 115, 116, 135, 158

Rimskii-Korsakov, Andrei 135

Robertson, Christina 100 (fig. 5), 104

Rock, Stella 41, 45

Rodchenko, Aleksandr 116, 117

Rodigina, Liubov’ 49, 50, 53, 61, 62

Rodigin family 49, 55, 61

Rodin, Auguste 108

Rogers, Douglas 47

Romanov, Sergei Aleksandrovich,

Grand Duke 62

Romanova, Alexandra Fedorovna,

Empress 62

Romanova, Anis’ia 57

Romanova, Elizaveta Fedorovna,

Grand Duchess 62

romantic 167, 170, 172, 174, 178, 192

Rosenholm, Arja 14-17, 119, 125, 145

Rosenthal, Charlotte 3, 200

Rosslyn, Wendy 3, 17, 142, 165

Rostopchina, Evdokiia 5, 13, 16, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 177, 179, 182, 195

Rothstein, Robert 59

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 13, 139, 140, 143, 155

Royal Academy, London 109

Rozanova, Ol’ga 93, 107, 115

Ruane, Christine 3, 41

Rubinshtein, Anton 126, 127, 132

Russian Academy 9, 108

Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) 9, 120

Russian Herald, The See Russkii vestnik

Russian Music Society 125

Russian Orthodox Church 27, 45, 46

See also Orthodox clerical views; Orthodoxy

ecclesiastical hierarchy of 43

Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv (RGIA) 98, 231

Russkii palomnik (The Russian Pilgrim) 55

Russkii vestnik (The Russian Herald) 181

Rzhevskaia, Anna 231

saints

feast days of 54 See also religious feasts

graves of 55

intercession of 48, 55

lives of 57

relics of 54, 55

representations of 45

shrines of 54

uncorrupted bodies of 43

veneration of 43, 45

Sakharova, Elena 112

Salmond, Wendy 91, 110, 111, 133

salonnière 179, 203

salons See literary salons

Sandunov, Sila 124

Sandunova, Elizaveta (née Elizaveta Uranova) 123-24

Sarapul 50, 51, 52, 53, 59

Sarov 54

satan 53

Savel’ev, Aleksandr 210

Savkina, Irina 14-17, 119, 125, 145

schools 124, 163 See also literacy art 101

gymnasium 52

teacher preparation 52

zemstvo 50, 65

Schrader, Abby 232

Schuler, Catherine 3, 138, 152

Schumann, Clara Wieck 129

Seagull, The (Chaika) See Chekhov, Anton

sectarians 43

seduction 215, 217, 220, 223 See also adultery

self-fashioning 21, 23, 26, 28, 33, 40

Semenova, Ekaterina 13, 139, 142, 143, 148, 156

Semenova, Lidiia 37-40

Semenova Tian-Shanskaia, Ol’ga 6, 42

sentimentalism 12, 122-25, 138, 143, 146-48, 150-59, 163, 164, 159, 170, 172, 178, 192, 194 See also Karamzin

of actress’s life story 148, 152, 153, 157

Serebriakova, Zinaida 112

serfdom, serfs 41, 46, 49, 58

serfowners 41, 58

Serov, Aleksandr 132

Serov, Valentin 107, 108

Serova, Valentina (née Bergman) 132

Severnyi vestnik See Northern Herald

sex, sexuality 3, 8, 21, 23-24, 28-29, 30- 31, 37-38, 43, 59, 114, 117, 119, 138, 139, 142-43, 146, 148-59, 174, 191,

199-200 See also women; rape sexual propriety 29, 31, 38, 39

Shanks, Emilia 109

Shapir, Ol’ga 15, 195, 196, 197, 198

Sharp, Jane 91, 113-14, 116

Shashkov, Serafim 210

Shchepkina-Kupernik, Tat’iana 193, 206

Shepherd, David 15

Sheremetev, Nikolai Petrovich, count 58, 152

Shestakova, Liudmila 129

Shevzov, Vera 8, 9, 17, 45, 47, 97

Shoemaker, Stephen 74, 88

Shostakovich, Dmitrii 119

Shternberg, Vasilii 105

Siberia 220-21, 223-24, 234, 236

Western Siberia 49, 50

Silver Age 14, 16, 200, 206 See also actress

Simeon, Saint 54

Simferopol’ 212

skomorokhi (ministrels) 120-21

slavophiles 14, 169, 185

Smith, Douglas 11

Smol’nyi Institute for Young Ladies of the Nobility 97, 124

Smyth, Ethel 122

Snessoreva, Sof’ia 73, 76, 79, 82

social history 47, 211

social mobility 21-22, 40 See also peasants

Society of Travelling Art Exhibits 109

sodomy 216, 219, 225

Soimonov case 233

Sokhanskaia, Nadezhda 7

Sokolovskii case 233

Solntseva-Zasekina, Anna 231

Solomenko embroidery workshops 111, 112

Solov’eva, Poliksena 202

Solov’ev, Nikolai 132, 201

Solovki 56

Somov, Konstantin 114

sorcery 48

Soviet era 2, 4, 7, 15, 17 See also

Revolution

Sovremennik See Contemporary, The

Speranskii, M. M., 215, 217

Staël, Madame de 122, 123

Stasov, Vladimir 127, 128, 129, 134

Stasova, Nadezhda 128

State Russian Museum, St Petersburg 116

State Tret’iakov Gallery, Moscow 105, 116

statistics 17, 22, 212, 234-35

government 41

Stefanova, Praskov’ia Vasil’evna 51, 57

Stepanova, Varvara 113, 115

St Petersburg Society for the

Encouragement of Female Artistic

and Craft Work 108

Stravinskii, Igor’ 133

Stroganov School of Drawing 101

Sukharev Tower 58

Sukhovo-Kobylina, Sof’ia 103, 104

superstitions 43, 82

Sviiazhsk 54-55

Sylva, Carmen, Queen of Rumania 133

Symbolism 15-16, 192, 193, 200-07

Szymanowska, Maria 123

Talashkino 111

Tate Modern, London 116

taverns 47, 63

Teffi (pseud. of Lokhvitskaia,

Nadezhda Aleksandrovna) 191

Tenisheva, Mariia 111, 129

theatre 10, 12-14, 137-60 See also actress;

Moscow Arts Theatre

as cultural institution 138, 143

professional 140, 142

serf 145, 148, 152

state 12

Theological Academy (Moscow) 65, 72

’Thieving Magpie, The’ (’Sorokavorovka’)

by Aleksandr Herzen 146, 147

Timofeev, A. V. 58

’Vybor zheny’ (’Choosing a Wife’) 58

Tiumen’ 49, 51, 57

Tobolsk 55

Tomei, Christine 3

Tomsk 225

Toporkov, Andrei 49

Tosi, Alessandra 1, 17

’Toupée Artist, The’ (’Tupeinyi

khudozhnik’) by Nikolai Leskov 147, 149

townspeople 25, 26, 123

family practices of 26, 32

women 19-40

transportation 19, 46, 51, 55

Tsarskoe Selo 94

Tsebrikova, Mariia 182, 189

Tsvetaeva, Marina 3, 5, 12, 206

Tugendkhol’d, Iakov 114

Tula province 56

Tupitsyn, Margarita 116

Tura river 49

Tur’, Evgeniia 180, 181, 182, 186, 188

Turgenev, Ivan 129, 130, 131

Udal’tsova, Nadezhda 115

United States of America 110

Uskova case 225-26

Uspenskii, Gleb 43

Ustvol’skaia, Galina 136

Veisberg, Iuliia 135

Verbitskaia, Anastasiia 191, 198, 199, 206

Verkhotur’e 54

Vestnik mody See Messenger of Fashion

Vial’tseva, Anatas’ia 24, 132

Viardot, Pauline 129, 131

Viatka province 49, 50

Viel’gorskii, Matvei and Mikhail 125

Vigée-Lebrun, Marie Louise Elisabeth 9, 11, 91, 92 (fig. 1), 93, 94, 104, 122

Vil’kina, Liudmila 202

Vinnitsa 237

violence 3, 16-17, 22, 38, 209-38 See also

domestic sphere; rape

Viollier, François 95

virginity 43, 71, 77, 88, 157, 213-14, 216, 218-19, 220-223 See also Mary, mother of God

Virpsha Studio 59

Vishnevskaia, Galina 136

Vodovozova, Elizaveta 7, 180

Volkonskaia, Zinaida 123, 166, 177

volost’ court 42, 224

Volyn’ 234

Vorob’eva-Petrova, Anna 130

Voronezh 56

Vovchok 185

Vowles, Judith 3, 166, 168

vows

religious 53, 54, 58

Vulf case 222

Warner, Elizabeth 46

watercolors 9, 92

Weimer, Marguerite-Joséphine (Mlle. Georges) 152

Western Europe 1, 2, 7, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20- 22, 23, 32, 42, 44, 66, 68-69, 70, 94, 105, 111, 116, 121-22, 127, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138-43, 162, 192, 198, 202, 210

wet-nursing 34, 46

White Sea 56

Wigzell, Faith 3

woman question 6, 8, 15, 33, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184, 190, 195, 197, 207

woman theologian 9

women

artists 3, 6, 11, 91-118 See also actress;

fine arts

education of 10, 20, 27, 52, 84, 92

employment of 20, 23, 24

honour and 29, 30

literacy of 25

musicians 3, 6, 11, 12, 119-36

proper behaviour of 29, 35, 37, 40 See also family

religious beliefs of 6, 45, 62, 63-90

religious communities of 50, 61, 63-90

See also monasteries

self-expression and 25, 40

sexuality and 22, 23, 26, 29, 31, 38

upper-class 6, 8, 11 See also

noblewomen; salonnière

urban 19-40

writers 161-208

Womens’ Polytechnical Courses 113

World of Art 112, 114

Worobec, Christine 2, 6, 7, 8, 237

Yablonskaya, Miuda 115, 117

Yokoyama, Olga T. 49, 57

Zabela-Vrubel’, Nadezhda 130

Zadonsk 56

Zagorovskii, Aleksandr 210

Zarechnaia, Nina (character in

Chekhov’s The Seagull) 158, 159

Zelenago 230

zemstvo schools See schools

Zhadovskii 224

Zhemchugova, Praskov’ia See Kovaleva,

Praskov’ia

Zhenskii vestnik 191

Zhenskoe delo 191

Zhernokov family 49, 50, 51, 61

Zhernokov, Aleksei Lavrovich 51, 52, 53, 60

Zhernokov, Andrei Iakimovich 51

Zhernokov, Ivan Lavrovich 59

Zhernokov, Lavr Andreevich 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57

Zhernokov, Vasilii Lavrovich 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60

Zhernokova, Elizaveta Dmitr’evna 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61

Zhernokova, Evdokiia Prokop’evna 52

Zhernokova, Raisa Davidovna 60

Zhernokova, Tat’iana Grigor’evna 51

Zhernokova, Tat’iana Lavrovna 49, 50, 52, 53, 60

Zhikharev, Stepan 154

Zhukova, Mariia 173, 175, 176, 177, 182

Zhukova, Pelageia 98

Zhurnal dlia zhenshchin 191

Zinov’eva-Annibal, Lidia 202, 204, 205, 206

Zirin, Mary 3, 184

Zoshchenko, Mikhail 108

Zrazhevskaia, Aleksandra 177

Zvantseva, Elizaveta 107

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