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Charles Plumier (1646-1704) and His Drawings of French and Caribbean Fishes

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Theodore Wells Pietsch

Acknowledgements

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1For information on the life of Plumier, I have relied heavily on Plumier himself (1693, 1701), but also on the publications of Niceron (1736), Burmann (1755), Achard (1787), Duvau (1823), Urban (1920), Fournier (1932a), and Whitmore (1967). The following sources have also been consulted: Smith (1819b), Thiébaut de Berneaud (1823), Cuvier (1828: 91-94, 1841: 498-499, 1843: 74-77, 1995: 84, 89-91), Levot (1862), Wilson & Fiske (1888), Urban (1898: 123-130, 1902a: 101-103), Pietsch (2001b, c; 2011a, b), Mottram (2002), and Thireau et al. (2008).

2I owe special thanks to Marie-Louise Bauchot, formerly of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, who long ago sparked my interest in Plumier and helped with my research in innumerable ways, not the least of which were the many hours she devoted to critical reviews of my work, and her gracious hospitality during my visits to Paris. Much appreciation is extended also to Enrique Wulff-Barreiro of the Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain, for hosting an extraordinary visit to Seville and to El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, in February 2008, to, among other things, view what remains of the Convent of the Minimes where Plumier spent his last days.

3For their expert and unfailing assistance at the Bibliothèque centrale, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, I thank especially Pascale Heurtel, Alice Lemaire, Antoine Monaque, and Michèle Lenoir, former director of the Direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation; free access to the Vélins du Muséum was a greatly appreciated and unexpected privilege. Muriel Hoareau, librarian at the Médiathèque Michel Crépeau, is also kindly acknowledged for providing copies of some of Plumier’s letters held by the Bibliothèque municipale de La Rochelle. For help with preserved ichthyological material in the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle I thank Guy Duhamel and his able assistants, Patrice Pruvost, Gabsi Zora, and Ferrara Claude. At the Service des Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, I express my sincere thanks to Laurence Bénichou and others among the publishing team, especially Albéric Girard and Bernadette Gottini-Charles. Finally, at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, I greatly appreciate the editorial work and expert assistance of Denis Lamy, historian of science, and Joëlle Garcia, librarian at the Bibliothèque centrale du Muséum.

4Help with identification of organisms depicted by Plumier was provided by Joseph F. Ammirati, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle; David T. Drumm, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle; Bruce B. Collette, National Marine Fisheries Service, Systematics Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; Kevin W. Conway, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas; Vladimir Dinets, Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Christian Érard, Département d’Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; Charles P. Galt, Department of Biology, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California; Christina M. Giovas, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; František Kovařík, Praha, Czech Republic; Jeronimo Dominguez Lazo, Museo del Cocodrilo, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México; Alfred L. Gardner, Christopher L. Mah, Storrs L. Olson, and Don E. Wilson, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; David Rodriguez, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas; Sharlene Santana, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle; Jay M. Savage, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and Michael E. Soleglad, Borrego Springs, California.

5For translation of French and Latin, I thank Abby J. Simpson, Agathe Larcher-Goscha, Fanja Andriamialisoa and Joëlle Garcia, and for German, Hans Hartman and Manfred Kittel, both formerly of the University of Washington, Seattle. David A. Smith of the New York Public Library kindly provided bibliographic information on Plumier publications. Early versions of the manuscript were read by Hans Aili, Department of Romance and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; William D. Anderson, Jr., College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina; J. Richard Dunn, University of Washington, Seattle; James Wilder Orr, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle; and Hans-Joachim Paepke, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Finally, much appreciation is extended to E. Charles Nelson and the Society for the History of Natural History for kind permission to incorporate material from a preliminary study of Plumier’s fishes that appeared in the Archives of natural history, volume 28, part 1: 1-57, and part 2: 261-268 (2001).

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