Hewson, Cruikshank, Sheldon, Mascagni, and Their Works

doi:10.4000/books.mnhn.14727

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Hewson, Cruikshank, Sheldon, Mascagni, and Their Works

p. 519-523

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1Hewson was born in Hexham in 1739.1 He went to London in 1759. He was the student and the anatomy provost of both Hunters. He became a professor and a practitioner and died in 1774 at the age of thirty-five from an injury he sustained when dissecting.

2His main contribution was the discovery of lymph vessels in oviparous animals. He observed them in birds, tortoises, and fishes. He showed that these animals had two thoracic ducts while men and quadrupeds only had one. He recognized that lymph vessels all ended in the thoracic duct and originated from all points of the body, whether or not there were lymph nodes or conglobate glands. Birds, except in their neck, reptiles, and fishes did not have lymph nodes. These organs, which were compared to neural ganglia, only existed in viviparous animals, men, quadrupeds, and cetaceans.

Engraving by J. Thornthwaite (after Fred. Kirnie’s drawing) from Cruikshank 1787: plate 1.
Cliché MNHN.

3William Cruikshank,2 also a student

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1 [William Hewson, see Chapter 17, note 43, above.]

2 [William Cumberland Cruikshank, see Chapter 17, note 44, above.]

3 [The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body. London: George Nicol, 1786, viii + 192 p., 3 pls, in-quarto.]

4 [Paolo Mascagni, see Chapter 17, note 75, above.]

5 [Philippe Petit-Radel (born 7 February 1749, Paris; died 30 November, 1815, Paris), a French surgeon and writer, author of Anatomie des vaisseaux absorbans du corps humain (Paris: Chez Froullé, 1787, xxii + [1] + pp. 24‑406 + [2] p., 3 pls), a French translation of Cruickshank’s Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body (London: George Nicol, 1786).]

6 [Christian Friedrich Ludwig (born 19 May 1757, Leipzig; died 8 July 1823, Leipzig), a German physician and botanist, author of Geschichte und Beschreibung der einsaugenden Gefässe oder Saugadern des menschlichen Körpers; aus dem Englischen. Mit einigen Anmerkungenund Kupfertafeln vermehrt herausgegeben (Leipzig: Weidmann, 1789, xii + 188 p., 6 pls), a German translation of Cruickshank’s Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body (London, George Nicol, 1786).]

7 [The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body [2nd ed.; considerably enlarged, and illustrated with additional pls]. London: George Nicol, 1790, [8] + 214 + [2] p., 5 pls.]

8 [Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany (born 5 May 1747, Vienna; died 1 March 1792, Vienna), who would later become Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (30 September 1790‑1 March 1792), said to have been a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism.]

9 [John Sheldon (born 6 July 1752, London; died 8 October 1808, Devon), an English surgeon and anatomist, who studied and taught anatomy at Watson’s private museum in Tottenham Court Road. He received his diploma at the Royal College of Surgeons on 2 November 1775, and then lectured on anatomy at Great Windmill Street school under William Hunter. Sheldon later became surgeon to the General Medical Asylum in Welbeck Street, and on 18 July 1782 he was appointed professor of anatomy to the Royal Academy in succession to Hunter. He was author of The History of the Absorbent System, Part the First, Containing the Chylography, or Description of the Human Lacteal Vessels, With the Different Methods of Discovering, Injecting, and Preparing Them, and the Instruments Used for These Purposes. London: printed for the author, 1784, ii + [6] + vi + 52 + [6] p., 6 pls.]

10 [Paolo Mascagni, see Chapter 17, note 75, above.]

11 [Felice Fontana (born 15 April 1730, Pomarolo; died 9 March 1805, Florence), an Italian physicist, educated in anatomy and physiology at the University of Padua. He is best known for his discovery of the water gas shift reaction in 1780. He is also credited with launching modern toxicology and investigating the human eye.]

12 [Grand Duke Leopold, see note 8, above.]

13 [Prodromo dei suoi ritrovati sul sistema dei vasi linfatici (published in Italian and French, 1782). See also Prodrome d’un ouvrage sur le système des vaisseaux lymphatiques. Siena: Vincent Pazzini Carli & Fils, 1784, viii + 52 p., 24 pls, in-quarto.]

14 [Vasorum lymphaticorum corporis humani historia et iconographia. Siena: Pazzini Carli, 1787, [4] + 138 p., 27 pls.]

Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences

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Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences

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Référence numérique du chapitre

Pietsch, T. W. (2023). Hewson, Cruikshank, Sheldon, Mascagni, and Their Works (F. Andriamialisoa, Trad.). In Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences (1‑). Publications scientifiques du Muséum. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14992

Pietsch, Theodore W. « Hewson, Cruikshank, Sheldon, Mascagni, and Their Works ». In Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences, traduit par Fanja Andriamialisoa. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14992.

Pietsch, Theodore W. « Hewson, Cruikshank, Sheldon, Mascagni, and Their Works ». Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences, traduit par Fanja Andriamialisoa, Publications scientifiques du Muséum, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14992.

Référence numérique du livre

Pietsch, T. W. (2023). Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences (F. Andriamialisoa, Trad.; 1‑). Publications scientifiques du Muséum. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14727

Pietsch, Theodore W. Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences. Traduit par Fanja Andriamialisoa. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14727.

Pietsch, Theodore W. Cuvier’s History of the Natural Sciences. Traduit par Fanja Andriamialisoa, Publications scientifiques du Muséum, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4000/books.mnhn.14727.

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