Mushrooms in the Polish pharmacopoeias (xix-xx c)
p. 453-454
Entrées d’index
Texte intégral
1In the traditional popular culture there are over ten different varieties of mushrooms growing in the Polish territory that are in use. A few of them used to be utilised as medicines. The official science doesn't reflect this use. Only four species of mushrooms are described in seven studied polish pharmacopoeias from the MX and XX centuries: two polypores, medicinal yeast and ergot.
2In the first Polish pharmacopoeia - Pharmaopoeia Regni Poloniae published in 1817 Boletus igniarius and Boletus laricis were described.
3In the military pharmacopoeia - Pharmacopoeia Castrensis Polonica (1831) was mentioned only one mushroom - Boletus igniarius.
4In the Hospital Pharmacopoeia - Pharmacopoeia Nosocomialis fist edition 1 831, 2-nd 1 860) were mentioned - Boletus igniarius and Secale cornutum as well as a formula for Decoctum Secalis cornutum was inserted.
5In the second edition of Polish pharmacopoeia Farmakopea Polska II (1937) were described two fungi - Secale cornutum and Faex medicinalis as well as the preparations: Extractum Secalis cornutum siccum, Extractum Secalis cornutum fluidum and Extractum Faecis.
6Similarly was in the third edition (1954)
Boletus igniarius (syn. Fomes fomentarius)
7Polypore growing on stems of beeches, oaks and ashes. From fructifications were received slices, which were used as dressings for stanching (Pharmacopoeia Regni Poloniae, 1817, 7; Pharmacopoea Castrensis Polonica, 1831, 54; Hospital Pharmacopoeia, 1860, 25).
Boletus laricis (syn. Agaricum, Laricifomes officinalis)
8Polypore growing on stems of larches. Powdered fructifications were used as a laxative or antiperspirant. Boletus laricis contains active constituent - agaricin (Pharmacopoeia Regni Poloniae, 1817, 7-8).
Secale cornutum - rel ergot spore
9Fungus parasitizing on the ears of corn. Ergot preparations were used in gynecology and peripheral blood vessel diseases, as well as in haemorrhages in consumptives. In the folk medicine it was used as an abortive and antibaernorrhagic agent.
10Active constituents:
- macromolecular alkaloids (ergotamine, ergotoxine) insoluble in water; able to evoke strong contraction of peripheral vessel; display weak action on the uterus;
- micromolecular alkaloides (ergometrine), soluble in water; do not evoke a contraction of peripheral blood vessels; display strong and quick contraction activity on the uterus (Hospital Pharmacopoeia 1860, 33; Polish Pharmacopoeia II, 1946, 773-774; Polish Pharmacopoeia III, 1954, 197-200, 226- 229, 548-550).
Faex medicinalis (syn. Fermentum cerevisiae) - Yeast
11Yeast were used in the treatment of digestive system disorders, in nervous exhaustion and in dermal diseases. Yeast were also used as auxiliary substance in a dispensing.
12Active constituents: enzyms and vitamines (Polish Pharmacopoeia II 1946, 315-316, 337. Polish Pharmacopoeia III, 1954, 213, 233).
13Nowadays, fungi are not recognised as medicinal row materials. The fourth (1965-70) and fifth (1990-1993) editions of pharmacopoeia included descriptions of only synthetic compounds derived from alkaloids of ergot (Polish Pharmacopoeia IV, vol.2, 1970, 286- 290, 306-308. Polish Pharmacopoeia V vol. 2, 1993, 247-248, 265-267).
14But in the xix-th c. official medicine unlike the folk medicine use other fungi: Amanita muscaria, Lycoperdon bovista, Fungus cervinus, Fungus salicis, etc. These mushrooms were not described in the Polish phamracopoeias from xix-th and xx-th centuries.
Auteur
-
Anna Trojanowska
Institute of the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw (Poland)
Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence Licence OpenEdition Books. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
Préhistoires au sud du Triangle d’or
Valéry Zeitoun, Hubert Forestier et Supaporn Nakbunlung (dir.)
2008
À la découverte des villages de métier au Vietnam
Dix itinéraires autour de Hà Nội
Sylvie Fanchette et Nicholas Stedman
2009
Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur
Jacques Fleurentin, Jean-Marie Pelt et Guy Mazars (dir.)
2002
Manuel de sclérochronologie des poissons
Jacques Panfili, Hélène de Pontual, Hervé Troadec et al. (dir.)
2002
The inland water fishes of Africa
Diversity, ecology and human use
Didier Paugy, Christian Levêque et Olga Otero (dir.)
2017
Discovering Craft Villages in Vietnam
Ten itineraries around Hà Nội
Sylvie Fanchette et Nicholas Stedman Nicholas Stedman (trad.)
2016
Coopération Afrique-Europe en matière de recherche et innovation
Défis mondiaux, réponses bi-régionales
Andrew Cherry, Gérard Ralphs, James Haselip et al. (dir.)
2018
Au cœur des mondes de l'aide internationale
Regards et postures ethnographiques
Philippe Lavigne-Delville et Marion Fresia (dir.)
2018
Préhistoires au sud du Triangle d’or
Valéry Zeitoun, Hubert Forestier et Supaporn Nakbunlung (dir.)
2008
À la découverte des villages de métier au Vietnam
Dix itinéraires autour de Hà Nội
Sylvie Fanchette et Nicholas Stedman
2009
Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur
Jacques Fleurentin, Jean-Marie Pelt et Guy Mazars (dir.)
2002
Manuel de sclérochronologie des poissons
Jacques Panfili, Hélène de Pontual, Hervé Troadec et al. (dir.)
2002
The inland water fishes of Africa
Diversity, ecology and human use
Didier Paugy, Christian Levêque et Olga Otero (dir.)
2017
Discovering Craft Villages in Vietnam
Ten itineraries around Hà Nội
Sylvie Fanchette et Nicholas Stedman Nicholas Stedman (trad.)
2016
Coopération Afrique-Europe en matière de recherche et innovation
Défis mondiaux, réponses bi-régionales
Andrew Cherry, Gérard Ralphs, James Haselip et al. (dir.)
2018
Au cœur des mondes de l'aide internationale
Regards et postures ethnographiques
Philippe Lavigne-Delville et Marion Fresia (dir.)
2018
