Table des matières
Youba Sokona
PrefaceThierry Lebel et Jean-Paul Moatti
Combating climate change: science in the forefrontClimate change, multiple issues
Part 1. Observing and understanding climate change
- The components of climate variations
- The share of anthropic forcings
- The share of natural forcings
- The share of natural variability
- Changes are difficult to attribute at local scales
- Climatic variability in the tropics
- The El Niño phenomenon
- Decadal ocean oscillations
- The role of internal climate variability in the return of rainfall in the Sahel
- The influence of global climate change on variability modes
Part 2. The impacts of climate change in the South
- Ocean life subjected to environmental constraints
- Warming and acidification
- The role of the environment in ocean life
- Knock-on effects on marine biodiversity
- Water warming changes species distribution
- Chain effects of interactions between species
- Threats to coral ecosystems
- Coral bleaching
- The impact of acidification on calcareous organisms
- Modelling the effects of climate change on ecosystems
- The impact on fisheries and world food security
- The shifting of species has changed the map of fisheries
- Increased risks of pollution
- The erosion and submersion of coasts
- Erosion depends on the local dynamics of environments
- Soil salinisation: a consequence of rising sea levels?
- Mangrove swamp, a vulnerable ecosystem between land and sea
- Protection against erosion
- The biodiversity of coral barrier reefs threatened
- Towards new underwater landscapes
- A quarter of known marine fish species
- Change in the rainfall regime in the Sahel
- ‘Intensification’ of the rainfall regime
- Climate change or natural climate variability?
- The ‘Sahelian paradox’: less rain, more water
- Increased runoff caused by human activities in Niger…
- ... but not in Mali
- A serious decrease in flows further south
- Desertification or re-greening of the Sahel?
- General re-greening for 30 years
- Rainfed agriculture faced with climate change
- The vulnerability of rural populations
- Retreat of glaciers and water resources
- Glaciers, water reserves for dry periods
- Better understanding of the impact of glacier retreat on the availability of water
- High mountain biodiversity faced with climate change
- The first cases of extinction
- Migration of species
- Sentinel species
- Climate change and microclimates
- A question of scale
- The impacts of warming on crops in the altiplano
- Ecological interactions and crop pests
- A climate regulator in danger
- Carbon sink
- Deforestation
- Evaluating carbon sequestration in tropical forests
- Numerous remote sensing facilities
- Climate has had effects on humid tropical forests for thousands of years
- The hydrology of large rivers: more severe flooding and low water periods
- Water level surface elevation of rivers in Amazonia can vary by 20 metres
- Seriously disturbed river traffic on the Oubangui
Part 3. Societies and the test of climate
- From mitigation policies to adaptation policies
- The actual causes of emissions were not examined
- Countries in the South in geopolitical negotiations
- The ‘developing country’ category called into question
- Reconfiguration of aid for development
- The issue of COP 21
- The incorporation of climate change in biodiversity conservation policies
- Addressing climate warming helps protected areas
- A problem of sovereignty
- The countries in the South are more vulnerable to climatic dangers
- Not enough long-term studies or reliable data
- The links between climate change and health, a three-stage process
- Climate change, a component of global environmental changes
- An ecological approach to health
- The negative effects of alarmist communication
- What health effects are observed in countries in the South?
- Change in the spatial distribution of the infectious system
- The development of early warning systems
- Health prospects in the South
- The long list of health impacts expected
- Anticipating crises by adapting health systems
- The sequestration of atmospheric carbon in cultivated land
- Carbon storage and soil fertility
- Evaluating the quantities of carbon fixed in soil
- The advantages of biodiversity in the face of climate uncertainty
- Practices that adapt to climate variability
- Technical solutions to strengthen adaptation capacity
- Local perception and knowledge of climate
- The inherent constraints of study of this knowledge
- The legitimisation of local knowledge
- ‘Biotemporal markers’
- The hybridisation of knowledge
- Between local knowledge and science: joint production of knowledge
- New research practices
- Educational policies concerning climate change
Scientific research and climate policies
- Contributors
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Research units
- Units and laboratories
- Monitoring facilities
- Programmes, projects
- IRD resources used
- Indigo photo library
- Scientific news-sheets
- The journal Sciences au Sud
- Exhibitions
- Interactive web platform ‘Le climat sous surveillance’
- The website section ’Climat et changements climatiques au Sud’