1 Maberly G. F. et al., 1994, « Programs against micronutrient malnutrition : Ending hidden hunger », Annu Rev Public Health, 15, p. 277-301.
2 Dijkhuizen M. A. et al., 2001, « Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies in lactating mothers and their infants in Indonesia », Am J Clin Nutr, 73, p. 786-791.
3 McLaren D. S. et Kraemer K., 2012, « Vitamin A in nature », World Review Nutr Dietetics, 103, p. 7-17.
4 Stephensen C. B., 2001, « Vitamin A, infection and immune function », Annu Rev Nutr, 21, p. 167-192.
5 Underwood B. A., 1998, « From research to global reality : The micronutrient story », J Nutr, 128, p. 145-151.
6 Méta-analyse : une étude statistique combinant les résultats d’une série d’études indépendantes sur un problème donné.
7 Bates C. J., 1995, « Vitamin A », Lancet, 345, p. 31-35.
8 Underwood B. A., 2004, « Vitamin A deficiency disorders : International efforts to control a preventable “pox” », J Nutr, 134 (S), p. 231-236.
9 Mayo-Wilson E. et al., 2011, « Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5 : Systematic review and meta-analysis », BMJ, 343, d5094.
10 Awasthi S. et al., 2013, « Vitamin A supplementation every 6 months with retinol in 1 million pre-school children in north India : DEVTA, a cluster-randomised trial », Lancet, 381, p. 1469-1477.
11 Haider B. A. et Bhutta Z. A., 2015, « Neonatal vitamin A supplementation : Time to move on », Lancet, 385, p. 1268-1271.
12 Wieringa F. T. et al., 2010, « Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and beta-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life », Eur J Clin Nutr, 64, p. 1072-1079.
13 WHO, 2001, Iron Deficiency Anaemia Assessment, Prevention and Control. A guide for programme managers, Genève, World Health Organization.
14 Processus de production des érythrocytes ou « globules rouges ».
15 Perignon M. et al., 2014, « Stunting, poor iron status and parasite infection are significant risk factors for lower cognitive performance in Cambodian school-aged children », PLoS One, 9, e112605.
16 Milman N., 2011, « Iron in pregnancy : How do we secure an appropriate iron status in the mother and child ? », Ann Nutr Metab, 59, p. 50-54.
17 WHO, 2006, Iron and Folate Supplementation. Standards for Maternal and Neonatal Care. Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth (IMPAC), Genève, World Health Organization [27 oct. 2010] : http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternalperinatalhealth/ironfolatesupplementation.pdf
18 Pena-Rosas J. P. et Viteri F. E., 2009, Effects and safety of preventive oral iron or iron+folic acid supplementation for women during pregnancy, Cochrane database of Syst Rev (Online) : CD004736.
19 Titaley C. R. et al., 2010, « Iron and folic acid supplements and reduced early neonatal deaths in Indonesia », Bull WHO, 88, p. 500-508.
20 Haider B. A. et Bhutta Z. A., 2015, Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy, Cochrane Database Syst Rev (11) : CD004905.
21 Berger J. et al., 2011, « Strategies to prevent iron deficiency and improve reproductive health », Nutrition Rev, 69 (S1), p. 78-86.
22 Défaut de développement du cerveau et/ou de la moelle épinière.
23 Wang H. et al., 2016, « Effectiveness of folic acid fortified flour for prevention of neural tube defects in a high risk region », Nutrients, 8 (3), p. 152.
24 WHO, 2009, World Health Organization Position Statement. Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFS) in women of reproductive age : Its role in promoting optimal maternal and child health, Genève, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/weeklyironfolicacid.pdf
25 Nguyen X. N. et al., 2002, « Efficacité de la supplémentation en fer quotidienne et hebdomadaire pour le contrôle de l’anémie chez le nourrisson en milieu rural au Vietnam », Cah Santé, 12, p. 31-37.
26 WHO, 2009, Recommendations on wheat and maize flour fortification meeting report : Interim consensus statement, Genève, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/wheat_maize_fort.pdf
27 Laillou A. et al., 2016, « Beyond Effectiveness-The Adversities of Implementing a Fortification Program. A Case Study on the Quality of Iron Fortification of Fish and Soy Sauce in Cambodia », Nutrients, 8, p. 94-101.
28 Hieu N. T. et al., 2012, « Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased the prevalence of anaemia and improved iron status, whereas weekly iron supplementation only improved iron status in Vietnamese school children », Brit J Nutr, 108, p. 1419-1427.
29 Lutter C. K. et Dewey K. G., 2003, « Proposed nutrient composition for fortified complementary foods », J Nutr, 133 (S), p. 3011-3020.
30 Sazawal S. et al., 2006, « Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting : community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial », Lancet, 367, p. 133-143.
31 Viteri F. E. et Berger J., 2005, « Importance of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy iron status : Can long-term weekly preventive iron and folic acid supplementation achieve desirable and safe status ? », Nutrition Rev, 63 (12 Pt 2), p. 65-76.
32 Sandstead H. H., 2013, « Human zinc deficiency : Discovery to initial translation », Adv Nutr, 4, p. 76-81.
33 Suchdev P. S. et al., 2012, « Selling Sprinkles micronutrient powder reduces anemia, iron deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency in young children in Western Kenya : A cluster-randomized controlled trial », Am J Clin Nutr, 95, p. 1223-1230.
34 Lowe N. M. et al., 2009, « Methods of assessment of zinc status in humans : A systematic review », Am J Clin Nutr, 89 (S), p. 2040-2051.
35 Wieringa F. T. et al., 2015, « Determination of zinc status in humans : Which indicator should we use ? », Nutrients, 7, p. 3252-3263.
36 La métabolomique, qui analyse l’ensemble des métabolites d’un tissu ou d’un liquide biologique, est reconnue comme pertinente de nos jours pour l’étude de la complexité des relations alimentation-santé.
37 Zimmermann M. B. et al., 2006, « Vitamin A supplementation in children with poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron », Am J Clin Nutr, 84, p. 580-586.
38 Wieringa F. T. et al., 2003, « Redistribution of vitamin A after iron supplementation in Indonesian infants », Am J Clin Nutr, 77, p. 651-657.
39 Les phytates et les composés polyphénoliques qui se trouvent dans les aliments d’origine végétale sont connus pour s’associer à un certain nombre de minéraux, les rendre insolubles, et diminuer leur absorption.
40 Black R. E. et al., 2008, « Maternal and child undernutrition : Global and regional exposures and health consequences », Lancet, 371, p. 243-260.
41 Pennisi E., 2016, « Microbiome. The right gut microbes help infants grow », Science, 351, p. 802.