Table des matières
Doryane Kermel-Torrès
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Situations of the territory
- Changes in altitudes and landscapes
- Towards regional integration driven by trade and investments
- Plate 1 – Economic relations and integration
- The dominance of Eastern Asia in international travel
- Plate 2 – Foreign and Thai Travelers
- Migration and air travel contribute to regional integration
- Plate 3 – International out-migrations and flights
- Substantial differentiations in development levels
- Plate 4 – Population and human development in Eastern Asia
- A multi-polar Eastern Asia
- Plate 5 – Eastern Asian Regional Integration and production
- The pre-eminence of coastal cities and maritime networks
- Plate 6 – Networks in Eastern Asia
- In the heart of the Indo-Chinese peninsula, a country open to the South China Sea
- Plate 7 – Relief and Hydrographical System
- Acute problems managing natural resources
- Plate 8 – Environment and natural resources
- 76 provinces and their centers
- Plate 9 – Provinces and their centers
Chapter 2. Population
- Maintaining religious and family ties
- An ethno-culturally homogeneous country despite its diversity
- Plate 10 – Main ethno-linguistic groups
- A tolerant Kingdom
- Plate 11 – Religions
- Islam and christianity: two religions shared by different ethnic communities
- Plate 12 – Islam and Christianity
- Well-defined factors of spatial distribution
- Plate 13 – Population Distribution and growth
- A demographic transition nearing completion
- Plate 14 – Demographic Characteristics
- A country still not extensively urbanized
- Plate 15 – Rural and urban population
- A city network dominated by Bangkok
- Plate 16 – Municipalities
- Migration to the Central Plain
- Plate 17 – Inter-regional migrations
- Urban migration begins to predominate
- Plate 18 – Importance of migrations in the provinces
- Provinces where demographic characteristics mirror territorial settlement
- Plate 19 – Population distribution and demographic features
Chapter 3. The state and the construction of the territory
- Gradual fixing of national boundaries
- Plate 20 – Changes in boudaries and frontiers (18th–20th century)
- From Muang to nation-state
- Plate 21 – Formation of the nation-state territory
- Strong administrative presence accross the entire territory
- Plate 22 – Territorial Administration
- The sensitive question of forest areas
- Plate 23 – Deforestation
- Major investment in transport infrastructure
- Plate 24 – Transportation networks
- Domestic resources insufficient to cope with energy needs
- Plate 25 – Energy infrastructures and networks
- Conflicting incentives to spatial deconcentration of investments
- Plate 26 Investment promotion incentives
- A major effort to provide educational and medical facilities
- Plate 27 – Schools and health facilities
- The increasing role of the private sector in communications
- Plate 28 – Postal and telecommuncations infrastructure
- Good electricity service, inadequate water supplies
- Plate 29 – Water and electricity supply
Chapter 4. Agriculture
- Innovation and diversifacation in agriculture
- Retention of active population despite moderate agricultural value added
- Plate 30 – Agricultural households and product
- Pioneer agriculture undergoing diversification
- Plate 31 – Land utilization
- Irrigation: correction of climatic fluctuations and stimulation of agricultural production
- Plate 32 – Irrigation
- Extensive rice cultivation despite the challenge from international competition
- Plate 33 – Rice
- Sugar cane: between protectionism and the world market
- Plate 34 – Sugar
- Cassava maintained as cash crop on the uplands
- Plate 35 – Cassava
- Smallholders as the largest world producers of natural rubber
- Plate 36 – Rubber
- Difficulties in meeting domestic requirements in maize, mungbean and soybean
- Plate 37 – Other Crops
- Recent development of intensive breeding activities and shrimp farming
- Plate 38 – Recent Breeding and Shrimp farming activities
- Clear regional specializations and socio-economic disparities for an agriculture in transition
- Plate 39 – Agricultural specialization and socio-economic features
Chapter 5. Industry
- Contrats in the industrial structure
- Wide contrasts in the distribution of industrial product
- Plate 40 – Industrial Product
- Industrial base dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises
- Plate 41 – Size of establishments
- Pre-eminence of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and complex nature of industrial labor force
- Plate 42 – Employment in establishments
- Spatial imbalance despite adjusted investment incentives
- Plate 43 – Enterprises under the board of investment
- Wide diversification of agro-based industries
- Plate 44 – Agro-based Industries
- Greater growth in wearing apparel than in textile manufacture
- Plate 45 – Textiles and wearing apparel
- Dynamic electrical and non-electrical machinery sectors
- Plate 46 – Electrical and non-electrical machinery
- Limited spatial deconcentration of the chemical and plastic industries
- Plate 47 – Chemistry and plastic
- The metal, mineral and transport equiment industries
- Plate 48 – Other industries
- Marked specializations in industrial employment
- Plate 49– Industrial specialization
Chapter 6. Tertiary sector
- The Range of services to the population
- The heterogeneity of the tertiary sector as a contributory factor to urban differentiation
- Plate 50 – Product of tertiary sector
- Urban functions shown by size of establishments in the tertiary sector
- Plate 51 – Employment in four tertiary sub-sectors
- The growth of domestic and foreign tourism
- Plate 52 – Hotel Trade
- Tourism extends through the entire country
- Plate 53 – Main tourist destinations
- Rail and air services radiate from the center
- Plate 54 – Passenger Traffic
- The predominance of road transport in the movement of goods
- Plate 55 – Commodities Traffic
- An imbalance in inter-regional trade
- Plate 56 – Inter-regional Trade
- Facilities and activities in the tertiary sector: variations between areas
- Plate 57 – Tertiary sector facilities and activities
Chapter 7. Bangkok and the Bangkok metropolitan region
- Bangkok: a primate city
- The extension of Bangkok’s area of influence: the creation of a metropolitan region
- Plate 58 – Urban and industrial development around Bangkok
- The changing Bangkok landscape: vertical expansion and suburban sprawl
- Plate 59 – Bangkok metropolis development patterns
- Massive but inadequate investment in transport
- Plate 60 – Road System and motorization in Bangkok
Chapter 8. Two peripheral regions: the North-East and the South
- Regional specializations in the North-East and the South
- A mosaic of intense land use
- Plate 61 – Land Use in the North-East: Sakon Nakhon Province
- Forests under threat: spatial expansion of aquaculture and rubber cultivation
- Plate 62 – Land Use in the South: Pak Phanang Watershed
- Regional settlement and specific population density patterns
- Plate 63 – Population in the North-East and South
- Specialized productions of two contrasted patterns of regional agriculture
- Plate 64 – Agriculture in North-East and South
- Intra-provincial imbalances in industry
- Plate 65 – Industry in North-East and South
Chapter 9. Social imbalances and spatial organization
- Village Life and city aspirations
- Sustained growth and inequalities maintained in income levels
- Plate 66 – Income and consumption indicators
- Shortcomings in secondary education despite improvements in literacy
- Plate 67 – Education at primary and secondary levels
- Adapting higher education to today’s economic and social climate
- Plate 68 – Higher Education
- Diversity of the territory and heterogeneity in growth dynamics
- Plate 69 – Spatial Organization
- Five basic models showing the structure of the national territory
- Plate 70 – Spatial Model
