Annexes


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A - Acronym List

1BIA: Burma Independence Army
BGF: Border Guard Forces
DKBA: Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (formely the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army)
IRRC: IDPs and Refugee Relief and Resettlement Committee
KBC: Kachin Baptist Convention
KDA: Kachin Defense Army
KIA: Kachin Independence Army
KIC: Kachin Independence Council
KIO: Kachin Independence Organization
KNO: Kachin National Organization
KNU: Karen National Union
KSPP: Kachin State Progressive Party
IDP: Internally Displaced Persons
PCG: Peace Creation Group
PMFs: People Militia Forces
MNDAA: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
NCCT: National Ceasefire Coordination Team
NDAK or NDA-K: New Democratic Army – Kachin
NLD: National League for Democracy
NGO: Non-Government Organization
NSAG: Non-State Armed Group
PSLA: Palaung State Liberation Army
SLORC: State Law and Order Restoration Council
SPDC: State Peace and Development Council
SSA N: Shan State Army North
SSA South: Shan State Army
SSNA: Shan State National Army
TAT: Technical Advisory Team
UNFC: United Nationalities Federal Council
UPWC: Union Peace-making Work Committee
UN: United Nations
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNOCHA: United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

B - The Union Peace-Making Work Committee and KIO Agreements

The “Seven Point-Agreement” (unofficial translation) – 30 May 2013

Agreement between Union Level Peacemaking Committee and KIO Representatives

21. Representatives from Union Level Peace Making Committee led by Vice Chairman and Union Minister U Aung Min and representatives from KIO led by U Sumlut Gun held meetings/discussions at Ma Jwe Hall, Myitkyina, Kachin State on 28-30 May 2013. United Nations Resident Coordinator for Myanmar -Mr. Vijay Nambiar, Second Secretary/Consular from Embassy of China in Myanmar -Mr. Lu Zhi, representatives from 8 ethnic armed groups, and other invited elders from the area attended as observers.

32. To come up with a political agreement that guarantees lasting peace, both sides agreed on the following points and signed in front of attending witnesses.

  1. We agree that union government and KIO will continue political dialogue/discussions

  2. We agree for both sides’ troops to reduce the fighting and to prevent further fights from happening

  3. We agree to form a Joint Monitoring Committee that is made up of both sides’ representatives

  4. We agree to discuss and continue to work on development / resettlement / return of Internationally Displaced Persons (IDPs) (NB: not sure what is the term exactly)

  5. We agree to continue discussion on troop placements

  6. We agree to form a Technical Team in Myitkyina which will include KIO representatives to discuss things that need to be done

  7. We agree to have the same representatives of the organizations present here today for the next talk. If there are any other organizations to be invited, it is to be done with both sides’ agreement.

4Signed by:
- Ministry of Defence -Lt. Gen. Myint Soe
- KIO representative - Colonel La Phaing Khun Naung
- Kachin State Minister - U La John Ngan Sine
- KIO representative - Colonel Ma Yan Zaw Taung
- Pyith Hluttaw MP - Daw Dwe Bu
- Amyotha Hluttaw MP - U Ket Htein Nan

5Signed by the following witnesses:
- UNRC - Mr. Vijay Nambiar
- Embassy of China - Mr. Ku Zhi
- KNPP - U Khu Yea
- KNU - Phado Mann Mann
- CNF - U Ro Khaw Mar
- NMSP - Naing Aung Min
- RCSS/SSA - General Sai Luu
- SSPP/SSA - U Sai Khun Sai
- UWSA - U Sam Khun
- NDAA - U Kham Maung
- Myitkyina elder - Duwagyi U Haw Wa Zaw Gam

***

Follow-on Agreement (Official Translation - President’s Office) - 10 October 2013

6The agreement between Union Peace-making Work Committee and KIO delegation October 10 2013

71. The government peace negotiation team led by Vice-Chairman of Union Peace-making Work Committee Union Minister U Aung Min and KIO peace delegation headed by U Sumlut Gam held peace talks at Majwe Hall in Manaw Ground in Myitkyina, Kachin State from 8 to 10 October. Present at the peace talks as observers were Special Adviser to UNSG on Myanmar Mr Vijay Nambiar, Chinese Special Envoy on Asia Mr Wang Ying Fan, reps from 10 ethnic armed groups, four Kachin Hluttaw representatives, representatives from official political parties in Kachin State such as Union Solidarity and Development Party, National League for Democracy, Unity and Democracy Party, National Democratic Force, Tailai (Shanni) National Development Party and Shan Nationalities Democratic Party, Kachin National Traditional Culture Central Committee and Kachin State Shan Ethnic Literature and Culture Committee, members of Peace-talk Creation Group and ten invited community elders.

82. The two sides agreed the following points in front of the observers with a view to laying down sound foundation for political dialogue for lasting peace. The seven-point agreement is as follows:

9(a) The two sides agreed to continue according to the following preliminary procedure as the government has invited KIO to join nationwide ceasefire signing to enter into political dialogue.

  1. The Union government shall send and discuss the plans

  2. The government agreed to hold Ethnic Armed Groups Conference as demanded by KIO delegation

10(b) The two sides acknowledged the de-escalation of the conflict since May 28-30 talks and attributed it to regular interaction between the technical teams and enhanced communication between troops from both sides and agreed to continue coordinating to avoid recurrence of clashes;

11(c) The two sides agreed that the technical teams of two sides and departments concerned shall continue coordinating on adopting of basic principles and a plan for return and resettlement of IDPs; the two sides also agreed to undertake in coordination with each other the pilot project in four villages;

12(d) The two sides agreed to form Joint Monitoring Committee based on an organizational structure that can cover all conflict regions to de-escalate the military tensions and avoid recurrence of clashes; the technical teams of two sides shall take further actions to adopt operational plan based on Joint Monitoring Committee Structure (Attached-1) and terms of reference — five basic principles and 18 rules (Attachment-2);

13(e) The two sides agreed to reopen through coordination as quickly as possible the public and arterial roads in Kachin State closed because of conflict;

14(f) KIO agreed to organize public consultation through prior coordination with authorities concerned;

15(g) The two sides agree that the technical teams shall coordinate on future work programmes and coordinate on soonest holding of next peace talks.

C - The peace talks Chronology (as of July 2014)

#

Date

Location

KIO
Representatives

Government Representatives

1

17/06/11

Laiza, Kachin State

KIO Central Committee

4 leaders of the Kachin National Consultative Assembly

The government offered a verbal ceasefire with the KIO. The KIO told them they must first agree to recognise their political rights before any discussion regarding a ceasefire could commence. A document was sent to Myanmar high ranking state officials and military leaders. The KIO requested a political dialogue in a third country under the aegis of foreign mediators.
The KIO’s request was refused.

2

30/06/11

Laja Yang Village, Kachin State

Maj. Gen. Gun Maw + (4)

Col. Than Aung

3

01-02/08/11

Laja Yang village, Kachin state

Maj. Gen. Gun Maw + (4)

Col. Than Aung

The KIO demanded that the government negotiate a nationwide ceasefire with all ethnic armed groups.
No agreement was reached but both sides agreed to continue meeting for further discussions.

4

19/11/11

Mae Sai, Thailand

Lt. Gen. N’Ban La

Aung Min

Informal meeting Individual participants included: Nay Win Maung; Myanmar Egress, DrKyaw Yin Hlaing and Tin Maung Than; Burmese academics, HarnYawngwe; executive director of the Brussels-based Euro- Burma Office.

5

29/11/11

Ruili, China

Lanyaw Zawng Hra

Aung Thaung

Full scale delegation level talks. No agreement was reached. Other KIO reps: Col. LahpaiZau Raw, Lt-Col. Lazing JiNawng, Lt-Col.
MaranZauTawng, Sumlut Gam and Lama Gum Hpan.

6

18-19/01/12

Ruili, China

Sumlut Gam + (11)

Aung Thaung

The government continued to try to convince the KIO to sign a ceasefire but no agreement was reached. KIO complained that the Myanmar military was attacking their frontline position while talks were going on.

7

8,9,10/03/12

Ruili, China

Sumlut Gam + (7)

Aung Thaung

3 days meeting. No agreement reached but a joint statement was signed that tentatively agreed on five points. Some of which included: continue political dialogue, building trust, a drawdown in troop levels, coordination of military activities in the conflict zone.

8

21/05/12

Chiang Rai, Thailand

Maj. Gen. Gun Maw, Brig. Dr. La Ja

Aung Min

Informal Meeting

9

1/06/12

Maija Yang

Sumlut Gam +(4)

Aung Min

Informal Meeting

10

20/06/12

Maija Yang

Sumlut Gam +(4)

Aung Min

Informal Meeting.
Agreed to aim toward more meaningful talks in the next round, including the presence of army Commander – in-Chief Soe Win. Aung Min laid out a map detailing the government’s proposal for the relocation of military bases to sites where both armies would be farther apart.

11

30/10/12

Ruili, China

Sumlut Gam

Aung Min

Agreement was reached to continue talks and proceed with further political dialogue.

12

4/02/13

Ruili, China

Sumlut Gam, Maj. Gen. Gun Maw

Aung Min

13

11-12/03/13

Ruili, China

Sumlut Gam, Maj. Gen. Gun Maw

Aung Min

2 days meeting, 5 points statement. Observers: 4 from UNFC, other NSAGs, 4 from PCG and Minister-Counselor Mr Wang Zongying of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

14

28-30/05/13

Myitkyina, Kachin State

Sumlut Gam, Maj. Gen. Gun Maw and other leaders
(48 delegates)

U Aung Min, Lt. Gen. MyintSoe and ministers
(44 delegates)

7 points agreement.

15

08-10/10/13

Myitkyina

Sumlut Gam, Maj.Gen. Gun Maw, Col. Laphai Zau Raw, Col. Zau Tawng, Naw Htoi, 8 representatives from KIO

Aung Min, Lt. Gen MyintSoe (30 from
govt/ 53 from
KIO/ 24 from ethnic armed groups/ and CSOs/ total 115)

Preliminary agreement in Myitkyina on 10 Oct 2013.

16

16/09/13

Myitkyina

KIO Advisory technical team

MPC technical team

Informal meeting.

17

02/10/13

Myitkyina

KIO Advisory technical team

UPWC - MPC

Informal meeting about 5 main issues: 1 - both side firing situation
2 - IDPs
3 - Military code of conduct(joint monitoring committee) 4 - political talks
5 - Others.

18

13/05/14

Myitkyina, Kachin state

KIO

UPWC

Released a joint statement after the meeting and agreed to reduce the clashes.

19

28/05/14

Myitkyina, Kachin state

KIO advisory technical team

UPWC

Informal meeting. After the meeting, KIO and UPWC formed a joint committee to mediate the conflicts between KIO and government forces and reduce the clashes in Kachin state. In the joint committee, Col. Than Aung leads the government team and Col. Zau Tawng leads KIO team. The joint committee has equal number of representative. There are 5 representatives from each side included in the joint committee.

20

05/07/14

Myitkyina, Kachin state

KIO technical team

Col. Than Aung (minister of Kachin state border affairs)

Informal Meeting.
Attempt to end skirmishes.

Source : Burma News International (2014)
(
http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/background/constitution/155-kio)

D - Main Armed groups present in Kachin “territories”

Name

Shan State Army / Shan Progress Party

Shan State Army / Restoration Council of Shan State

Ta’ang National Liberation Army

New Democratic Army – Kachin

Kachin Defense Army

Area of Operations (within Kachin territories and Northern Shan)

Muse, Lashio

Muse

Namtu area of Northern Shan

Special Region 1 – operating from Pang wan and Kan Paiti on the Chinese border

Special Region 5

Combatants (estimate)

2,000

6,000

1,000

900

200 – plus about 1,000 men from local militias

Previous Ceasefires with the government

1989 and 28th January 2012

1996 and 16th January 2012

1989 and turned into BGF 1001, 1002 and 1003

PMF Unit 3 to 7 aka Kaungkha 1 to 5

Alleged allegiances

KIO

Tatmadaw

Tatmadaw

Remark

Under the command of General Yawd Serk. Former CBP, Shan United Revolution Army and Mong Tai Army – merged in 2005

Palaung ethnic armed group

Former CPB’s Brigade 101

E - Ceasefire Agreements in Myanmar

Ethnic Armed Group

Cease-fire Agreement at State Level

Cease-fire Agreement at Union Level

1

United Wa State Party/Army

September 6 2011

December 26 2011

2

National Democratic Alliance Army – Eastern Shan State

September 7 2011

December 27 2011

3

Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (5)

November 3 2011

December 11 2011

4

Restoration Shan State/ Shan State Army

December 2 2011

January 16 2012

5

Chin National Front

January 6 2012

May 7 2012

6

Karen National Union

January 12 2012

April 7 2012

7

Shan State Progressive Party/Shan State Army

January 28 2012

January 28 2012

8

New Mon State Party

February 1 2012

February 23 2012

9

Karenni National Progressive Party, Arakan

March 7 2012

June 9 2012

10

Pao National Liberation Organisation

August 25 2012

March 23 2013

11

Karen National Union/ Karen National Liberation Army- Peace Council

February 7 2012

-

12

Liberation Party/Army (Rakhine State Liberation Party)

April 5 2012

-

13

National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Khaplang

April 9 2012

-

Source: Burma News International (2014).


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