Bibliography

ARPHATTANANON T., 2021, “Education of Migrant Children from Myanmar in Thai Government Schools”, pp. 409-425 in Manusya: Journal of Humanities, n°24.

ASIAN RESEARCH CENTER FOR MIGRATION, 2022, Investing in a Global Future: A Situational Analysis of Migrant Children’s Education in Thailand, UNICEF Thailand, 145 p. https://www.unicef.org/thailand/media/9886/file/Investing%20in%20a%20Global%20Future%20-%20Full%20Research%20Report%20EN.pdf

AUNG MYINT, 2007, “မျက်မှောက်ခေတ်မွန်စာပေသင်ကြားရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှုသမိုင်း” (History of the contemporary endeavors to teach Mon literature), pp. 35-49 in School Education Research Journal, n°5, National Health and Education Committee, Chiang Mai.

AUNG MYOE, 2011, In the Name of Pauk-Phaw: Myanmar’s China Policy since 1948, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 239 p.

AUNG SAW OO, 1993, “Burma’s Student Movement: A Concise History” (accessed on March 13, 2024 on the Burma/Myanmar Online Library). https://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199412/msg00059.html

AYE KYAW, 1970, အမျိုးသားပညာရေးသမိုင်း (History of national education) ပုလပန်းစာပေ, Yangon, 420 p.

AYE NAN, 2007, “ဒေသမိုင်ဂျာယာန်ဆရာအတတ်သင်ကျောင်း လေ့ကျင့်ရေးကျောင်းတွင်း ရှိကလေးများပညာရေး အခြေအနေကိုလေ့လာခြင်း” (Study of the situation of children's education in Mai Ja Yang Teacher Training School), pp. 90-100 in School Education Research Journal, n°4, NHEC, Chiang Mai.

BAGSHAWE L. E., 1998, “The Moral and Intellectual Improvement of the People - Western Education in Burma to 1880”, pp. 269-286 in PICHARD P. and ROBINNE F. (eds.), Études Birmanes – en hommage à Denise Bernot, EFEO, Paris, 449 p.

BALL J. and DIM A., 2016, “Migrant Learning Centers on the Thai-Myanmar Borderland: Giving New Meaning to ‘Live and Learn’”, pp. 200-209 in Childhood Education, n°92(3).

BHATTA S. and KATWAL S., 2022, Learning in Myanmar Pre and Post-Covid-19, World Bank, Washington, 13 p.

BONNET F.X., MIKO and SIEGEL L., 2024, “Scamming : casinos et arnaques en ligne, des POGOs philippins aux compounds birmans”, pp. 93-110 in FACAL G. and SAMUEL J. (eds.), L’Asie du Sud-Est 2024 : bilan, enjeux et perspectives, Institut de recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est Contemporaine (IRASEC), Bangkok. https://books.openedition.org/irasec/8492

BOUTRY M., 2020, “Internal Migration in Myanmar”, pp. 163-83 in BELL M., BERNARD A., ELIN C.-E., and YU ZHU C. (eds.), Internal Migration in the Countries of Asia: a cross-national comparison, Springer.

BRAY M., KOBAKHIDZE M. and O. KWO, 2020, Shadow Education in Myanmar - Private Supplementary Tutoring and its Implications, CERC Monograph Series in Comparative and International Education and Development, n°13, 157 p.

BROOTEN L. and METRO R., 2014, Special Issue: “Research and Ethics in Burma Studies”, Journal of Burma Studies, Vol. 18(1).
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/43/article/545023/summary

CADY J., 1958, A History of Modern Burma, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 256 p.

CALLAHAN M., 2003a, “Language Policy in Modern Burma”, pp. 143-175 in BROWN M., GANGULY S. (eds.), Fighting Words – Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia, MIT Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 484 p.

CALLAHAN M., 2003b, Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, New York: N.Y. University Press, 268 p.

CANDIER A., 2019, “Mapping Ethnicity in Nineteenth-Century Burma: When ‘Categories of People’ (lumyo) Became ‘Nations’”, pp. 347-364 in Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(3).

CARLING J., 2023, “The Phrase ‘Refugees and Migrants’ Undermines Analysis, Policy and Protection”, pp. 399-403 in International migration, vol. 61, issue 3.

CHAKRAVARTI N. R., 1971, The Indian Minority in Burma – The Rise and Decline of an Immigrant Community, Oxford University Press, London, 214 p.

CHALAMWONG Y., MEEPIEN J. and HONGPRAYOON K., 2012, “Management of Cross-border Migration: Thailand as a Case of Net Immigration”, pp. 447-463 in Asian Journal of Social Science, XL(4).

CHANTAVANICH S., VUNGSIRIPHISAL P. and LAODUMRONGCHAI S., 2007, “Thailand Policies Towards Migrant Workers From Myanmar”, Asian Research Center for Migration (ARCM), Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, paper presented at the APMRN Conference at Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PRC, 26-28 May, 12 p.

CHARNEY M., 2009, A History of Modern Burma, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 241 p.

CHEESMAN N., 2002, “Seeing Karen in the Union of Myanmar”, pp. 199-220 in Asian Ethnicity, vol. 3 n°2, Routledge, London.

CHIU F., 2024, “Reclaiming the Future: Waiting, Resistance, and Expectations in Myanmar’s Post-Coup University Boycotts”, pp. 1-17 in Journal of Contemporary Asia.

DHAMMASAMI K., 2004, Between Idealism and Pragmatism – A Study of Monastic Education in Burma and Thailand from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, Phd dissertation, unpublished, Oxford, 353 p.

DOLPHEN I., 2014, “Learning Language and Culture through Indigenous Knowledge: A Case Study of Teaching a Minority Language (Mon) in a Majority Language (Thai) School Setting”, pp. 872-878 in Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 143(14).

EGRETEAU R., 2016, Caretaking Democratization: The Military and Political Change in Myanmar, Oxford University Press, 193 p.

EGRETEAU R., 2022, “Blending Old and New Repertoires of Contention in Myanmar’s Anti-Coup Protests (2021)”, pp. 822-829 in Social Movement Studies, vol. 22, n°5‑6. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14742837.2022.2140650

EH HTOO (SAW) and WATERS T., 2024, General Ne Win’s Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar: The Challenge to Peace in the Twenty-First Century, Springer, 225 p.

ESSON J., and WANG K., 2018, “Reforming a University during Political Transformation: A Case Study of Yangon University in Myanmar”, pp. 1184-1195 in Studies in Higher Education, 43(7). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03075079.2016.1239250

FARRELLY N., 2023, “Scenarios for Understanding Myanmar’s Political and Humanitarian Crises”, pp. 25-45 in WARE A. and SKIDMORE M. (eds.), After the Coup – Myanmar’s Political and Humanitarian Crises, ANU Press, The Australian National University, Canberra.

FERGUSON J., 2015, “Who’s Counting? Ethnicity, Belonging, and the National Census in Burma/Myanmar”, pp. 1-28 in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 171. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/62082

FIORI A. and PROSERPIO L., 2021, Navigating the Evolution of Myanmar Higher Education: Perspectives from the Inside, Chinlone, 134 p.
https://site.unibo.it/chinlone/it/results/ebook/ebook-final.pdf

FORMOSO B., 2000, Identités en regard - Destins chinois en milieu bouddhiste thaï, CNRS éditions, Paris, 288 p.

FURNIVALL J-S., 1931, The Political Economy of Burma, Burmese Advertising Press, Rangoon, 255 p.

FURNIVALL J-S., 1951, Planning of National Education, Basic Education Department, Rangoon, 23 p.

GASCON T., 2024, “Birmanie : le temps du doute pour la junte ?” in FACAL G. and SAMUEL J. (eds.), L’Asie du Sud-Est 2024 : bilan, enjeux et perspectives, Institut de recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est Contemporaine (IRASEC), Bangkok. https://books.openedition.org/irasec/8492

HANSON O., 1907, “The Kachin Tribes and Dialects”, pp. 381-394 in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press.

HAWNG TSAI, (forthcoming), Kachin Indigenous Schooling in Northern Shan State, Myanmar, MA Thesis in Social Science, Chiang Mai University.

HELLMANN-RAJANAYAGAM D., 2020, “From Rangoon College to University of Yangon – 1876 to 1920,” pp. 239-258 in KURFÜRST, S., and WEHNER, S. (eds.), South-East Asian Transformations: Urban and Rural Developments in the 21st Century, Bielefeld, Transcript Publishing.

HOUTMAN G., 1999, Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy, ILCAA, 392 p.

HTUN T. and RAYNAUD M., 2018, Schedule Two of the 2008 Constitution - Avenues for Reform and Decentralization and Steps Towards a Federal System, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 82 p. https://www.kas.de/en/web/myanmar/single-title/-/content/schedule-two-of-the-2008-constitution

IKEYA C. 2011, Refiguring Women, Colonialism, and Modernity in Burma, University of Hawai Press.

JAQUET C., 2015, The Kachin Conflict – Testing the Limits of the Political Transition in Myanmar, Institut de recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est Contemporaine (IRASEC), Bangkok. https://www.irasec.com/The-Kachin-Conflict

JENNY M., 2015, “2000 years of history - The Mon language in Thailand and Myanmar”, Seminar on the Continuum of Languages and Dialects in Myanmar, Yangon, March 25-26.

JOLLIFFE K. and SPEERS MEARS E., 2016, Strength in Diversity: Towards Universal Education in Myanmar’s Ethnic Areas, The Asia Foundation, 134 p. https://asiafoundation.org/publication/strength-in-diversity/

KASAUH MON, 2008, “Struggle for Survival of Mon Literature and Education in Monland” pp 108-125 in Discovery of Rehmonnya, Mon Unity League, Bangkok, 125 p.

KAUNG, 1963, “A Survey of the History of Education in Burma before the British Conquest and after”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, vol. 46 n°2, Rangoon, 128 p.

KIRONSKA K., 2023, “Will Taiwan’s Hard-Earned Relationship with Myanmar Change in the Post-Coup Era?”, in CHEE LEONG LEE K., CHAN Y. (eds.), Taiwan and Southeast Asia: Soft Power and Hard Truths Facing China’s Ascendancy, Routledge, 264 p.

KHAING PHYU HTUT, LALL M. and HOWSON C., 2022, “Caught between COVID‑19, Coup and Conflict—What Future for Myanmar Higher Education Reforms?”, Education Sciences, vol. 12, issue 2.

KHAM MONG (Sai), 2004, The History and Development of the Shan Script, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai, 375 p.

KYAW WIN, 1959, Education in the Union of Burma before and after independence, MA Thesis, American University, Washington D.C., 110 p.

KYAW YIN HLAING, 2008, “The Politics of Language Policy in Myanmar: Imagining Togetherness, Practicing Difference?” pp. 150-180 in GUAN, HOCK and SURYADIANATA (eds.), Language, Nation, and Development in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 229 p.

LALL M., 2008, “Evolving Education in Myanmar: The Interplay of State, Business and the Community” pp. 127-149 in SKIDMORE M. and WILSON T. (eds.), Dictatorship, disorder and decline in Myanmar, ANU Press, Canberra, 229 p.

LALL M. and SOUTH A., 2012, Education, Conflict and Identity: Non-state ethnic education regimes in Burma/Myanmar, Open Society foundation, 50 p.

LALL M., 2016, Diversity in Education in Myanmar, Pyoe Pin, Yangon, 56 p.

LALL M., 2020, Myanmar’s Education Reforms - A pathway to social justice?, UCL Press, 301 p.

LEACH E., 1954, Political systems of highland Burma: A study of Kachin social structure, Harvard University Press, 324 p.

LEIDER J., 2008, “Forging Buddhist Credential as a Tool of Legitimacy and Ethnic Identity: A Study of Rakhine’s Subjection in Nineteenth-Century Myanmar” pp. 409-459 in Journal of the Economic and social history of the Orient, n°51.

LERTVORAPREECHA W. and SWINDELL A., 2024, “Global Citizenship Education in Emergencies: A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Materials for Migrant Students in Thailand”, Globalization, Societies and Education.

LI J., AI B. and ZHANG J., 2019, “Negotiating Language Ideologies in Learning Putonghua: Myanmar Ethnic Minority Students’ Perspectives on Multilingual Practices in a Borderland School”, pp. 633-646 in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 41(7).

LIEBERMAN V-B., 1978, “Ethnic Politics in Eighteenth-Century Burma”, pp. 455-482 in Modern Asian Studies, n°12(3).

LIEBERMAN V-B., 1984, Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest 1580-1760, Princeton University Press, 338 p.

LOONG S. and RINEHART G., 2019, “Post-secondary Education in Myanmar: Reform from the ground-up”, Tea Circle Oxford, February 18. https://teacircleoxford.com/research-report/post-secondary-education-in-myanmar-reform-from-the-ground-up/

LORCH J., 2008, “The (Re)Emergence of Civil Society in Areas of State Weakness: The Case of Education in Burma/Myanmar”, pp. 151-176 in SKIDMORE M. and WILSON T. (eds.), Dictatorship, Disorder and Decline in Myanmar, ANU Press, Canberra, 229 p.

LOU K., XIONG T., and PENG Y., 2023, “I Have Been Dreaming about Chinese Becoming The Number One Language in The World’: Chinese Language Educators’ Language Ideologies in Myanmar”, pp. 65-77 in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44(1).

MAYAJIMA T., 2018, Opportunities and Limitations of Migrant Education in the Borderland of Thailand: Perspectives of Burmese Migrant Parents and Teachers, pp. 307-320 in ASEAN/Asian Academic Society International Conference Proceeding Series. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267559085.pdf

McAULIFFE E., 2017, Caste and the Quest for Racial Hierarchy in British Burma: An Analysis of Census Classifications from 1872-1931, Master of arts in international studies: Southeast Asia, University of Washington, 57 p.

McCORMICK P. (ed.), 2016, “Does Language Equal Ethnicity in Burma?”, in The Newsletter, International Institute for Asian Studies.

McDANIEL J., 2008, Gathering Leaves & Lifting Words – Histories of Buddhist Monastic Education in Laos and Thailand, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 358 p.

MENDELSON M., 1975, Sangha and State in Burma – A Study of Monastic Sectarianism and Leadership, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 400 p.

METRO R., 2019, “A Missed Opportunity for Schoolroom Reform”, Frontier Myanmar, November 12. https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/a-missed-opportunity-for-schoolroom-reform/

METRO R., 2022, “Teaching History in Post-Coup Myanmar: Reading Textbooks Upside Downs and Sideways”, Myanmar Tea Circle, September 5. https://teacircleoxford.com/politics/teaching-history-in-post-coup-myanmar-reading-textbooks-upside-down-and-sideways/

METRO R., 2023, “Neoliberalism and the Privatization of Higher Education in Myanmar, Pre-and Post-Coup: ‘A Frame Based on a Fragile Foundation’”, pp. 133-151 in TAYEB A., METRO R. and BREHM W. (eds.), Education and Power in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Routledge, 284 p.

MICHAUD J., 2020, “The Art of Not Being Scripted So Much. The Politics of Writing Hmong Language(s)”, pp. 240-263, Current Anthropology 61 (2).

MI-KUN and SIEGEL L., 2022, The Internet as a Battlefield in Post-coup Myanmar, Researcher’s Republic, 28 p. https://researchersrepublicorg.files.wordpress.com/2022/01/the-internet-as-a-battlefiled-in-post-coup-myanmar-1.pdf

MOWRY, 2023, “Migrant Learning Center Emergence and Proliferation: A Case Study of Migrant Education in Ranong Province”, pp. 68-90 in Rangsit Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 10, n°1 (January-June).

MULLEN M., 2016, Pathways That Changed Myanmar, Zed Books, 256 p.

MYA HAN, 1997, ကိုလိုနီခေတ်မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းအဘိဓာန် (Dictionary of Burma’s Colonial History), Yangon, 215 p.

MYO OO, 2009, “The Emergence of Modern Myanmar Prose as the Official Language and Nation Building of Myanmar during the Colonial Period”, unpublished article transmitted by the author.

NASH M., 1963, “Buddhism in Everyday Life”, pp. 285-295 in American Anthropologist, vol. 65, n°2 (April), Blackwell.

NAW A., 2001, Aung San and the Struggle for Burmese Independence, NIAS, 284 p.

NAWARAT N., 2014, “Negotiating Curricula for Burma Migrant Schooling in Thailand”, pp. 872-878 in Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 143(14). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275544225_Negotiating_Curricula_for_Burma_Migrant_Schooling_in_Thailand

NIWITKULNIPA K., 2019, Space-making of Karenni Refugee Identity: A Case Study of Ban Mai Nai Soi Camp, Consortium of Development Studies in Southeast Asia, Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD), Chiang Mai, 178 p. https://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CDSSEA22_Space-makingKarenni.pdf

OLIVIUS E. and HEDSTRÖM J., 2023, “‘On the Border, I Learned How to Advocate’: Borderlands as Political Spaces for Burmese Women’s Activism”, Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies. http://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1816661&dswid=8265

PANN EI PHYU and SIRIWATO S., 2022, “The Progress and Challenges of Higher Education in Myanmar”, pp. 50-64 in Proceedings of RSU International Research Conference (2022), Rangsit University. https://rsucon.rsu.ac.th/files/proceedings/RSUSOC2022/IN22-027.pdf

PERRIN J-M., 1958, “La réforme de l'orthographe shane”, pp. 259-268 in Bulletin de l’École française d’Extrême-Orient, tome 49, n°1, Paris.

PETERSON D-A., 2017, “On Kuki-Chin subgrouping”, pp. 189-210 in DING P-S. and PELKEY J. (eds.), Sociohistorical Linguistics in Southeast Asia: New Horizons for Tibeto-Burman Studies in Honor of David Bradley, Brill.

PROSERPIO L. and FIORI A., 2022, “Myanmar Universities in The Post-Coup Era: The Clash Between Old and New Visions of Higher Education”, The World Affairs Institute, December 1. www.twai.it/articles/myanmar-universities-post-coup-era/

PYONE MYAT THU, and VUNGSIRIPHISAL P., 2024, “Impacts of COVID-19 and Coup on Myanmar Children in Thailand”, pp. 325-343 in MCAULIFFE M. and BAULOZ C. (eds.), Research Handbook on Migration, Gender and COVID-19, Edward Elgar, United Kingdom.

RAYNAUD M., 2016, “Educating for Peace, the Rule of Law and Development in a new Myanmar”, Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, vol. 2, Mahidol University. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/HRPS/article/view/164040

RAYNAUD M., 2021, “Asymmetric Territorial Arrangements and Federalism in Myanmar”, ISEAS Perspective, n°160, 10 p. www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_160.pdf

REN Z., 2012, “The Confucius Institutes and China’s Soft Power”, IDE Discussion Papers 330, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Reports/Dp/330.html

RENARD R., 2006, “Creating The Other Requires Defining Thainess Against Which The Other Can Exist: Early-Twentieth Century Definitions”, pp. 295-320 in Southeast Asian Studies 44(3).

RINEHART G., and TYROSVOUTIS G., 2023, “Designed for Disruption: Lessons Learned from Teacher Education in Myanmar and its Borderlands”, pp. 19-28 in Education and Conflict Review, n°4. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10175037/1/02%20Designed%20for%20disruption.pdf

ROI SAN L., 2023, The Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic and Myanmar’s Political Crisis on the Lives and Livelihood of Internally Displaced Migrants in Kachin-China Borderlands, MA thesis in Social Science, Chiang Mai University. https://cmudc.library.cmu.ac.th/frontend/Info/item/dc:172914

SADAN M., 2007, “Decolonizing Kachin: Ethnic Diversity and the Making of an Ethnic Category”, pp. 34-76 in Exploring Ethnic Diversity in Burma, Michael GRAVERS (ed.), Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

SADAN M., 2013a, Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma, British Academy and Oxford University Press, 512 p.

SADAN M., 2013b, “Ethnic Armies and Ethnic Conflict in Burma: Reconsidering the History of Colonial Militarization in the Kachin Region of Burma during the Second World War”, pp. 601-626 in South East Asia Research 21(4).

SALEM-GERVAIS N. and METRO R., 2012, “A Textbook Case of Nation-Building: the Evolution of History Curricula in Myanmar”, pp. 27-78 in Journal of Burma Studies, vol. 16, n°1. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/477332/pdf

SALEM-GERVAIS N., 2013, École et construction nationale dans l’Union de Myanmar: Quantité, Qualité, Identité, Phd dissertation (thèse de doctorat), INALCO, Paris, 446 p.

SALEM-GERVAIS N., 2018, “Teaching Ethnic Languages, Cultures and Histories in Government Schools Today: Great Opportunities, Giant Pitfalls?”, Tea Circle Oxford. https://teacirclemyanmar.com/education/teaching-ethnic-languages-cultures-and-histories-in-government-schools-today-great-opportunities-giant-pitfalls-part-i/

SALEM-GERVAIS N. and RAYNAUD M., 2020, Teaching Ethnic Minority Languages in Government Schools and Developing the Local Curriculum. Elements of Decentralization in Language-in-Education-Policy, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Yangon, 185 p. https://www.kas.de/en/web/myanmar/laenderberichte/detail/-/content/teaching-ethnic-minority-languages-in-government-schools-and-developing-the-local-curriculum

SALEM-GERVAIS N. and VAN CUNG LIAN, 2020, “How Many Chin Languages Should be Taught in Government Schools? Ongoing Developments and Structural Challenges of Language-in-Education Policy in Chin State”, pp. 122-140 in Parami Journal of Education 1(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345667190_How_Many_Chin_Languages_Should_Be_Taught_in_Government_Schools_Ongoing_developments_and_structural_challenges_of_language-in-education_policy_in_Chin_State

SALEM-GERVAIS N. and JA SENG, 2022, “From Fluidity to Discretization… and Fractal Recursivity? Opportunities and Challenges Underpinning the Introduction of Minority Languages in Kachin State’s Government Schools (2011-2020)”, pp. 5-40 in Moussons n°39. https://journals.openedition.org/moussons/9044

SALEM-GERVAIS N., 2023, “Curricular Decentralisation as an Antidote to “Burmanisation”? Including Ethnic Minorities’ Histories in Myanmar’s Government Schools (2011–2020)”, pp. 97-121 in TING H. and CAJANI L., Negotiating Ethnic Diversity and National Identity in History Education: International and Comparative Perspectives, Palgrave macmillan, 323 p. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-12535-5_5

SALEM-GERVAIS N., AUNG S., SPREELUNG A., JA SENG, BENATAR J., and CHAN, 2023, “Amendment of the National Education Law and Other Language-in-Education Developments Following the 2021 Military Coup in Myanmar”, Myanmar Tea Circle, May 8. https://teacirclemyanmar.com/education/amendment-of-the-national-education-law-and-other-language-in-education-developments-following-the-2021-military-coup-in-myanmar-part-1/

SAW THAN MIN HTUN and MORTENSEN S., 2023, “Access to Higher Education in Areas of Contested Authority.” in TAYEB, A., METRO, R. and BREHM, W. (eds.), 2023, Education and Power in Contemporary Southeast Asia. Taylor & Francis, 45 p.

SCHOBER J., 2007, “Colonial Knowledge and Buddhist Education in Burma”, in HARRIS I. (ed.), Buddhism, Power and Political Order, Routledge, New York, 232 p.

SCOTT J-C., 2009, The Art of Not Being Governed – An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 442 p.

SCOTT J-G., 1906, Burma, a Handbook of Practical Information, Daniel O’Connor, London, 620 p.

SEEKINS D-M., 2006, Historical Dictionary of Burma, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, 531 p.

SEEKINS D-M., 2011, State and Society in Modern Rangoon, Routledge, New York, 415 p.

SHINTANI T., 2020, A Handbook of Comparative Kayan Languages, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), 344 p.

SHOHEL M.M.C., 2023, “Lives of the Rohingya Children in Limbo: Childhood, Education, and Children’s Rights in Refugee Camps in Bangladesh”, pp. 131-149 in Prospects (53). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11125-022-09631-8

SILVERSTEIN J., 1968, “Burmese Student Politics in a Changing Society”, pp. 274-292 in Daedalus 97(1).

SILVERSTEIN J., 1993, The Political Legacy of Aung San, SEAP, Cornell university, Ithaca, 162 p.

SMITH D-E., 1965, Religion and Politics in Burma, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 350 p.

SOUTH A. and LALL M., 2016, Schooling and Conflict: Ethnic Education and Mother Tongue-Based Teaching in Myanmar, The Asia Foundation, 40 p. https://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Policy-Brief_Schooling-and-Conflict-Ethnic-Education-and-Mother-Tongue-Based-Teaching-in-Myanmar_ENG.pdf

SOUTH A., SCHROEDER T., JOLLIFFE K., MI KUN CHAN NON, SA SHINE, KEMPEL S., SCHROEDER A. and NAW WAH SHEE MU, 2018, Between Ceasefires and Federalism: Exploring Interim Arrangements in the Myanmar Peace Process, Covenant Consult, 100 p.

SOUTH A., 2023, Conflict, Complexity & Climate Change: Emergent Federal Systems and Resilience in Post-Coup Myanmar, Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD), Chiang Mai University, 148 p. https://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th/publications/conflict-complexity-climate-change/

STEINBERG D., 2001, Burma: The State of Myanmar, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C., 342 p.

SUANTE P. and BRAY M., 2023, “Researching Forms of Shadow Education: Methodological Challenges and Complexities of Private Supplementary Tutoring in Myanmar”, pp. 89-110 in ECNU Review of Education, vol. 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231167194

TAW SEIN KO, 1913, Burmese Sketches, British Burma Press, Rangoon, 384p.

TAYEB A., METRO R. and BREHM W., 2023, Education and Power in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Routledge, 284 p.

TAYLOR R., 2006, “Do States Make Nations? The Politics of Identity in Myanmar Revisited”, pp. 261-286, in South East Asia Research, vol. 13, n°3.

TAYLOR R., 2009, The State in Myanmar, NUS Press, Singapore, 555p.

THAKO H. and WATERS T., 2023, “Schooling, Identity, and Nationhood: Karen Mother-Tongue-Based Education in the Thai–Burmese Border Region”, Social Sciences 12(3). https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/3/163

THAN HTUT, 1980, မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဘုန်းတော်ကြီးကျောင်းပညာရေးသမိုင်း (History of monastic education in Myanmar), Tein Min Hlaing Sa Pe, Rangoun, 275p.

THAN HTUT, 2005a, “မြန်မာဘာသာနိုင်ငံတော်သုံးဖြစ်မြောက်ရေးကြိုးပမ်းချက်များ” (Efforts to implement Burmese as a national language), pp. 141-153 in Selected Writings of U Than Htut (Taik Soe), Myanmar Historical Commission, Golden Jubilee, Yangon, 237 p.

THAN HTUT, 2005b, “ကျောင်းများ၌ မြန်မာစာသင်ကြားရေး (၁၉၀ဝ-၁၉၄၂)” (The teaching of Burmese language in schools (1900-1942), pp. 175-199 in Selected Writings of U Than Htut (Taik Soe), Myanmar Historical Commission, Golden Jubilee, Yangon, 237 p.

THAN OO, 1999, မြန်မာ့ပညာရေးသမိုင်းသင်ရိုးညွှန်းတမ်းကဏ္ဍ ၁၉၄၈-၁၉၉၈ (Curricula in history of Myanmar education 1948-1998), Ministry of Education, Yangon, 100 p.

THANT MYINT-U, 2001, The Making of Modern Burma, Cambridge University Press, 284 p.

THAUNG HTUT, 2000, မြန်မာပညာရေးရှုခင်း (The Myanmar education landscape), ပညာတန်ဆောင်အထူးစာစဉ်, Yangon, 231 p.

THAWNGHMUNG A-M., and SU MON THAZIN AUNG, 2024, “Monthly Observation Research by Community Researchers: Coping with Dangerous Situations and Multiple Crises in Postcoup Myanmar”, pp. 203-245 in Journal of Burma Studies 28(1). https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/923234

THEIN LWIN, 2008, Education and Democracy in Burma, Teacher Training Center for Burmese Teacher, Chiang Mai, 109 p.

TINGSHU Z., and MEYER M., 2020, “The “Pauk phaw” Narrative and China’s Relations with Myanmar Since the 1950s”, pp. 105-134 in International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 16(1).

TINKER H., 1961, The Union of Burma - A Study of the First Years of Independence, Oxford University Press.

TONG C-K., 2010, Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia: Racializing Chineseness, Springer, New York, 274 p.

TURNER A., 2011, “Religion-Making and Its Failures: Turning Monasteries into Schools and Buddhism into a Religion in Colonial Burma”, pp. 226-242 in DRESSLER M. and MANDAIR A. (eds.), Secularism and Religion Making, Oxford University Press, New York.

TYROSVOUTIS G., CHAN L., WIN N., HTOO S. E. K., OO K. J. B. W. L., HTUN N. N. T., HTOO N. P. K., CHIT S. D., LIN S. N., and MON N. R. O., 2022, “Assessing Multilingual Teacher Competencies: A Case Study of Indigenous Teachers on the Thai–Myanmar Border”, pp. 274-297 in Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices, 3(2). https://www.inedfoundation.org/research-publication/assessing-multilingual-teacher-competencies

UANSRI S, KUNPEUK W, JULCHOO S, SINAM P, PHAIYAROM M, and SUPHANCHAIMAT R., 2023, “Perceived Barriers of Accessing Healthcare among Migrant Workers in Thailand during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(10).

VANBIK K., 2009, Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages, University of California, 598 p.

WIANT J., 1981, “The Political Symbolism of Taw-Hlan-Ye-Khit”, in LEHMAN  F‑K. (ed.) Military Rule in Burma since 1962 – A Kaleidoscope of Views, Maruzen Asia, Singapore, 81 p.

WONG M-S. and KARENG D., 2023, “Creativity in Crisis: Re-envisioning Higher Education in Myanmar’s Spring Revolution”, The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, Springer.

YE HTUT, 2019, Myanmar’s Political Transition and Lost Opportunities (2010–2016), ISEAS, 260 p.