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Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines
Préambule : repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines
Introduction
The Ritual Frame and the Limits of Spatial Enclosure in the Early Modern City
Of Aryan Origin(s), Western Canon(s), and Iranian Modernity
Les frontières de la Renaissance
Introduction
On the Modern Cult of Authenticity: Prolegomena to a Study of Berlin’s Pergamon Museum
Building Commodity: Consumption/Production of a Nineteenth Century Ottoman/British “Iron House for a Corn-Mill”
Traveling Words and Images: The Question of “Foreignness” in the History of Modern Architecture in Turkey
Spatial Structures in Colonial Latin America, New Perspectives in Urban Historiography
L’espace construit en Amérique latine coloniale. Perspectives d’étude
Indigenous Contributions to City Planning in New Spain
Settlements for the Indigenous Population in Portuguese America
Colonial Settlement Planning of the Andes in Space and Time
Colonial Settlements in the Río de la Plata: Between Transference and Development of Spanish Urban Models
Introduction
Critique of Industrialization and Non-Institutional Architecture: Architectural Exhibition by the Tallinn School in 1978
Introduction
Les grands concours internationaux (1895-1914) : vecteurs parallèles de diffusion de l’architecture française ?
Rewriting Congo’s Colonial Past: History, Memory, and Colonial Built Heritage in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Looking at Collaboration as a Key to Creative Expression: The Case of Colonial Architecture
Actors and Vectors: Towards Alternate Histories of the City-Building Process
Histoire de l’architecture contemporaine en Méditerranée : questions de méthode et d’historiographie
A Sense of Place: A Treatise on Prostitution in Seventeenth-Century Paris
Toward a Critical Historiography of Islamic Architecture
Le néoclassicisme n’est pas un classicisme. Une mutation dans les livres d’architecture
L’histoire de l’architecture et du design au XIXe siècle : avant et après l’authenticité
Introduction
Stratégies éditoriales et architectures de l’histoire : Louis Hautecœur et Gérard Van Oest, un dessein partagé
Architecture, Regionalism, and the Vernacular:Reconceptualizing Modernism in America
Phenomenology and the Rise of the Architect-Historian
Les temps de l’architecture gothique dans les Alpes occidentales : les limites impossibles
Spécialisation des disciplines et enseignement de l'Antiquité : glissements du centre de gravité entre Vienne et l'Italie
Styles et périodisation : méthodes croisées dans l’approche de l’architecture des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Méthodologie du Goût à la grecque sous Louis XV
Jacques-François Blondel à son apogée (1749-1756)
Un laboratoire des styles : les académies dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle ?
De la rupture au progrès (1840-1860)
Une option stylistique minoritaire : le néo-arabe, à travers l’architecture des halles métalliques en Espagne au XIXe siècle
L’Orientalisme, entre connaissance et réinterprétation de l’architecture islamique
Le temps n’a pas de frontières : le cas de l’histoire de l’architecture (1570-1670)
La configuration architecturale de la ville et de sa périphérie au Moyen Âge : la dynamique des limites
Le Vexin français : reflets de l’architecture défensive en milieu urbain et périurbain à la fin du Moyen Âge
Introduction
Les Français et les antiquités de la Gaule : l’émergence de la conscience antiquaire à la Renaissance
Introduction
Que faire de l’édifice-événement ?
Questioning Authenticity
Le patrimoine architectural moderne en contexte africain
L’architecture des années 60 : quand l’histoire est dépassée par le patrimoine
L’historiographie, la réception et les restaurations de deux architectures des années 1730 : la fontaine du Gros-Horloge à Rouen et la façade de l’Ancienne Comédie à Avignon
La fortune d'une production ordinaire : les immeubles parisiens d'Albert-Joseph Sélonier (1858-1926)
Introduction
Architecture, rhétorique et création littéraire au XVIe siècle
Architecture et droit : mimesis théoriques et liaisons pratiques
L'inadaptation des limites géographiques et historiques comme reflet d'une confusion des limites disciplinaires ?
Introduction
Architecture and the Genres of History Writing in Ecclesiastical Historiography
Deconstructing the Doctrine of Disegno
The London Conceptualists: Architecture and Conceptual Art in the 1970s
Controverses autour de l’axe héliothermique : l’apport de la simulation physique à l’analyse des théories urbaines
Analyser à l’aide de modèles électroniques tridimensionnels. Les piliers de la chapelle de la Vierge de la cathédrale de Rouen
Digitalizing the Dutch. About interactivity versus boundaries and other ways to present and read architectural history
Reordering the Past: Monuments and Architectural Heritage in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Architecture, Hybridity, and Post-Apartheid Design
Introduction
Le projet de réhabilitation de Porto-Novo (Bénin) : objectifs en termes de conservation et de développement durable
Réhabilitation des centres urbains historiques : apport pour le développement local
Quelques expériences sur la gestion des centres historiques en Amérique latine
Conclusion : inventaire des questions mentionnées au cours de l'atelier à propos de la réhabilitation des centres urbains historiques dans un contexte de développement économique
Introduction
Fact and fiction: documents of the development of Parisian urban design history
The Birth of Urban Design History out of the Spirit of Multidisciplinarity
L’enclos comme parcelle et totalité du monde : pour une approche holistique de l’art des jardins1
Le romantisme espagnol et l’historiographie de l’architecture
Repenser les limites de l’architecture : un acte politique
Résumés / Abstracts
- Table des matières
Préambule
Alice Thomine-Berrada et Barry BergdollPréambule : repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines
Actes du colloque qui s’est tenu à Paris, les 31 août-3 septembre 2005
Limites spatiales
Eve BlauIntroduction
Jean GuillaumeLes frontières de la Renaissance
Complexité des géographies : situer les différences en histoire de l'architecture
Belgin Turan Ozkaya et Elvan Altan ErgutIntroduction
S. M. Can BilselOn the Modern Cult of Authenticity: Prolegomena to a Study of Berlin’s Pergamon Museum
Structures territoriales des colonies d'Amérique latine : nouvelles perspectives historiographiques en architecture et urbanisme
Catherine R. Ettinger-McEnultySpatial Structures in Colonial Latin America, New Perspectives in Urban Historiography
Structures territoriales des colonies d’Amérique latine : nouvelles perspectives historiographiques en architecture et urbanisme
Guadalupe Salazar-GonzálezL’espace construit en Amérique latine coloniale. Perspectives d’étude
Eugenia María Azevedo-Salomao et Catherine R. Ettinger-McEnultyIndigenous Contributions to City Planning in New Spain
Andrey Rosenthal Schllee et Marília Maria Brasileiro Teixeira ValeSettlements for the Indigenous Population in Portuguese America
Alberto NicoliniColonial Settlement Planning of the Andes in Space and Time
Luis María Calvo, Adriana Collado et Luis Alberto MüllerColonial Settlements in the Río de la Plata: Between Transference and Development of Spanish Urban Models
Architecture socialiste, entre isolement et fascination
Carmen PopescuIntroduction
Dynamiques transnationales : nouvelles approches de la modernité et des terrains coloniaux
Mercedes VolaitIntroduction
Marie-Laure Crosnier-LeconteLes grands concours internationaux (1895-1914) : vecteurs parallèles de diffusion de l’architecture française ?
Espaces, rituels, pratiques
Limites temporelles
Nasser RabbatToward a Critical Historiography of Islamic Architecture
Jean-Philippe GarricLe néoclassicisme n’est pas un classicisme. Une mutation dans les livres d’architecture
Stefan MuthesiusL’histoire de l’architecture et du design au XIXe siècle : avant et après l’authenticité
Borders in time: 19th Century architectural history, before and after
Histoire, Historiens
Jean-Louis CohenIntroduction
Antonio BrucculeriStratégies éditoriales et architectures de l’histoire : Louis Hautecœur et Gérard Van Oest, un dessein partagé
Jorge Otero-PailosPhenomenology and the Rise of the Architect-Historian
La phénoménologie et l'émergence de l'architecte comme historien
Martine JullianLes temps de l’architecture gothique dans les Alpes occidentales : les limites impossibles
Repenser le XIXe siècle : reflets du débat européen sur l'Italie
Styles et périodisation : méthodes croisées dans l'approche de l'architecture des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Daniel Rabreau et Jean-Michel LeniaudStyles et périodisation : méthodes croisées dans l’approche de l’architecture des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Styles and periodisation : inter-related methodologies for understanding 18th and 19th Centuries Architecture
Daniel RabreauMéthodologie du Goût à la grecque sous Louis XV
Edoardo PiccoliJacques-François Blondel à son apogée (1749-1756)
Jean-Michel LeniaudDe la rupture au progrès (1840-1860)
La configuration architecturale de la ville et de sa périphérie au Moyen Âge : la dynamique des limites
Brigitte Boissavit-Camus et Panayota VoltiLa configuration architecturale de la ville et de sa périphérie au Moyen Âge : la dynamique des limites
Architectural structure of cities and their peripheries during the Middle Ages: Dynamic Boudaries
Architecture et archéologie à la Renaissance
Frédérique LemerleIntroduction
Repenser les limites temporelles : l'histoire de l'architecture et le défi du patrimoine moderne
Maristella CasciatoIntroduction
Gérard MonnierQue faire de l’édifice-événement ?
Hilde HeynenQuestioning Authenticity
Lazare EloundouLe patrimoine architectural moderne en contexte africain
Limites disciplinaires
Fortune, infortune de l'architecture
Architecture, sciences, sciences humaines
David Van ZantenIntroduction
Robert Carvais et Dirk Van de VijverArchitecture et droit : mimesis théoriques et liaisons pratiques
Reconsidérer les frontières disciplinaires de l'architecture du XVIe et XVIIe siècles en Italie
Caroline Van EckIntroduction
Lionel DevliegerDeconstructing the Doctrine of Disegno
Les années 1970 : penser le futur, la communauté et la technologie en architecture et en urbanisme
Sandra Kaji-O’GradyThe London Conceptualists: Architecture and Conceptual Art in the 1970s
Amina Harzallah, Daniel Siret, Eric Monin et al.Controverses autour de l’axe héliothermique : l’apport de la simulation physique à l’analyse des théories urbaines
Markus SchlichtAnalyser à l’aide de modèles électroniques tridimensionnels. Les piliers de la chapelle de la Vierge de la cathédrale de Rouen
Margit Tamás et Ir Héctor GiróDigitalizing the Dutch. About interactivity versus boundaries and other ways to present and read architectural history
Histoire de l'architecture de l'Afrique du Sud après l'Apartheid
Sabine MarschallReordering the Past: Monuments and Architectural Heritage in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Jonathan NobleArchitecture, Hybridity, and Post-Apartheid Design
Histoire de l'architecture et mise en valeur du patrimoine : pour un dialogue entre restaurateurs et économistes
Christine MenginIntroduction
Alain GodonouLe projet de réhabilitation de Porto-Novo (Bénin) : objectifs en termes de conservation et de développement durable
L'histoire de l'urbanisme comme domaine inter-disciplinaire : franchissements de frontières dans les années de formation (1890-1940)
Wolfgang SonneIntroduction
Hervé Brunon et Monique MosserL’enclos comme parcelle et totalité du monde : pour une approche holistique de l’art des jardins
The enclosure as plot and as totality of the world: towards a holistic approach to the art of gardens
Conclusion
- imprimer
- Citer
Référence électronique du chapitre
CASCIATO, Maristella. Introduction In : Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005 [en ligne]. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, 2005 (généré le 19 avril 2024). Disponible sur Internet : <https://books.openedition.org/inha/817>. ISBN : 978-2-917902-64-6. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.inha.817.Casciato, M. 2005. Introduction. In Thomine-Berrada, A., & Bergdol, B. (Eds.), Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. doi :10.4000/books.inha.817Casciato, Maristella. “Introduction”. Thomine-Berrada, Alice, et Barry Bergdol. Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, 2005. Web. <https://books.openedition.org/inha/817>.Référence électronique du livre
THOMINE-BERRADA, Alice (dir.) ; BERGDOL, Barry (dir.). Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, 2005 (généré le 19 avril 2024). Disponible sur Internet : <https://books.openedition.org/inha/30>. ISBN : 978-2-917902-64-6. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.inha.30.Thomine-Berrada, A., & Bergdol, B. (Eds.) 2005. Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. doi :10.4000/books.inha.30Thomine-Berrada, Alice, et Barry Bergdol, ed. Repenser les limites : l’architecture à travers l’espace, le temps et les disciplines : 31 août - 4 septembre 2005. Paris : Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art, 2005. Web. <https://books.openedition.org/inha/30>.Compatible avec Zotero - Partager URL :
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Introduction
Résumé
The objective of the session is to introduce the methodological approach that should frame the exchange between history and heritage. The session focuses on two notions, architectural history and heritage, both exposed to the challenge of a new interpretive perspective, that of the evolution of time and of its current acceleration. References to this interpretation are included in the work of French historian François Hartog, whose investigation into the development of what he defines as historia magistra, helps reach a common ground for a dialogue that acknowledges a pluralism of well-rooted regimes of historicity. Related to this notion is the concept of authenticity that is identified as one of the dimensions of heritage. My aim is to assess if writing on the history of architecture has truly identified other procedures and methods regarding the question of temporality and the related empowerment of heritage. One major concern is to clarify the role of the historians, who founded the legitimacy of the modern movement and subsequently challenged its legacy. Another focus is on the historiographic aspects of the creation of the concept of modernity and on how it was narrated.
« Le présent seul est notre bonheur » (Pierre Hadot)
1The aim of this essay is to outline the theme of the session “Rethinking Temporal Boundaries: History of Architecture and the Challenge of Modern Heritage,” which I co-chair with France Vanlaethem, and to explain its origin and main objectives.
2Let me begin on a personal note. I initiated this project with great enthusiasm, wishing to offer a platform to elaborate on a question, which Docomomo International has chosen as a banner for one of its activities: Does twentieth-century architecture require a new conservation policy? If so, does the subject concern only practitioners, politicians, preservationists, and managers, or is the enquiry multidisciplinary? What I’m considering here is an exchange addressing how to understand the life of the built artifact in its material substance, as well as in its architectural and cultural history.
3The theme I wish to address can be condensed into one crucial question: What is the position of the modern heritage vis-à-vis architectural history?
4At present, there are many new approaches to the history of architecture. In that respect, should the discipline, confronted with the growing importance of the modern heritage, reassess its cultural domain? Should the history of architecture be more inclusive of History with a capital H? Should research be more analytical and allow a different approach to resources? These remain open questions, which I cannot entirely answer.
5My purpose is merely to introduce the methodological approach that should frame the exchange between history and heritage rather than address their temporal or chronological interpretations.
6For those who are less familiar with the acronym Docomomo, let me introduce the organization I have chaired since 2002. Docomomo stands for Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighborhoods of the Modern Movement. It now includes the concept of the modern in its broadest sense.
7Docomomo’s 49 chapters worldwide are the litmus paper that reveals the evolution of the debate concerning preservation and restoration. And Docomomo is by nature a combination of differentiated and multidisciplinary approaches, motivated by a strong commitment to the protection of the heritage of our recent past.
8Why then is the organization so concerned with the interrelations between history and heritage? Are these questions relevant or pertinent in the field of the history of twentieth-century architecture?
9The exchange is, of course, meaningful as well as multifaceted.
10It implies, for instance, a redefinition of conservation practice, one of Docomomo’s core issues.
11Of course, memory in relation to heritage plays a role within this exchange, yet it is not on the act of remembering that our interest is focused today. Memorization almost strangles our faculty to envision the future, even in terms of heritage, which is seen as only a token of the past. Paraphrasing David Lowenthal, whose works have been seminal in the field, I would insist on the fact that we live in an age of “memory overload.”
12The session, as its title explicitly announces, focuses on two notions, architectural history and heritage, both exposed to the challenge of a new interpretive perspective, that of the evolution of time and of its current acceleration.
13The notion of time, here taken from the work of historian François Hartog, namely from his most recent book Régimes d’Historicité : Présentisme et expériences du temps (published in 2003), is an essential criterion for mapping out heritage.
14Hartog’s sophisticated investigation into the development of what he defines as historia magistra, a wide portrait of the relationships with the past from Ancient Rome to the French Revolution and to the subsequent gaps between past and future, helps reach a common ground for a dialogue that acknowledges a pluralism of well-rooted regimes of historicity.
15The fact that heritage and temporality are strongly intertwined has been extensively discussed and agreed upon by scholars in various disciplines.
16The axiom is that heritage is not merely the gathering of significant artifacts that a society designates, in specific time conditions, to become sign bearers. The heritage embodies the form of the relation that a society establishes with its own time. The heritage makes time’s order visible in the sense that it applies to the here and now of the object, to its current status.
17Jumping to a hazardous but hopefully productive conclusion, I wish to state that our duty today is to acknowledge and identify our current architectural production as our future heritage. We can observe heritage from today’s point of view and also look forward. Therefore, heritage is a modus operandi of the present and on the present, that is to say that it also molds and shapes our present, a position that is clearly remote from the previous categorization of the past as a model, from our relatively passé notion of heritage.
18This assertion prompts two remarks, one on authenticity and the other on the squandering of heritage in a mass-culture society.
19The concept of authenticity is identified as one of the dimensions of heritage. The time notion modifies the cultural framework for questioning authenticity in modern architecture and leads to an anthropological discourse.
20Is authenticity also a criterion for attributing values to modern artifacts? In such a context, what expressions of authenticity are adequate as significant parameters in conservation practice? At which level is political negotiation a tool for conservation? Does persuasion through media and public awareness raising open a new perspective in the reception of modern heritage and in its historization?
21When critical regionalism started to be discussed in the early 1980s, searching for identity and authenticity was seen as an archetypal paradigm in the cultural evolution of post-colonial societies. This struggle is the common dilemma in developing nations as described by Paul Ricoeur in his essay History and Truth, quoted by Kenneth Frampton in his seminal essay on critical regionalism (1985).
22The question raised is: In order to get on with modernization, is it necessary to jettison the old cultural past that was the raison d’être of a nation? Here the authenticity of the built artifact seems to be an appropriate criterion to forge a national spirit as well as to reinforce an identity as opposed to the colonial personality.
23The issue is so relevant that it cannot be pure coincidence that two speakers have selected case studies in colonial contexts.
24Hilde Heynen in her paper “questioning authenticity” takes a case study in Puerto Rico to explore the issue of locality confronted with imported modernism and to authenticity.
25In our present age I would take under consideration the need for an “ethics of authenticity,” which I refer to something specific differing vastly from the traditional search for identical material properties. For my part, authenticity refers to something creative, an authorship, something having a profound identity, but it also carries another concept, which is close and takes into account the historical continuity in the life of the heritage resource, identified by Riegl as age value.
26The Nara Statement, the seminal document on authenticity (Nara Conference1994), inspired by the Venice Charter on Restoration (1964), meant to locate authenticity at the apex of the concept of conservation with the analysis of documentary sources and the increasing professionalization of protection and restoration at its base.
27The second remark I wish to make is again anchored in the issue of temporality, that is to say when temporality consists merely of ephemeral events at the limit between history and chronicle. In order to understand the role of heritage within this society of happenings and communication, I would like to recall the strategy of reception developed by Umberto Eco in his concept of opera aperta, which may well be suitable to the rising awareness of heritage in today’s society and also related to the question of authenticity.
28Eco refers to the two components of the work of art: the creative process and the authorship on one hand, and on the other the plurality of spectators, whose appreciation depends on different time conditions and on cultural and social characteristics.
29In this case, the truth of the artifact is the way the public perceives it and that is what we mean by authenticity. Here a link can be made between Eco’s proposition and the way Heidegger refers to the relationship of authenticity to art.
30At the beginning of this project, one of our aims was to assess if writing on the history of architecture has truly identified other procedures and methods regarding the question of temporality and the related empowerment of heritage.
31During preliminary research and reading, one major concern was to clarify the role of the historians who founded the legitimacy of the modern movement and subsequently challenged its legacy. Another focus was on the historiographic aspects of the creation of the concept of modernity and on how it was narrated.
32Finally, I wish to acknowledge some of the sources I have referred to in this introduction, besides those already mentioned.
33The special issue of the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians “Architectural History 1999/2000,” edited by Eve Blau, establishes the coordinates of the discourse on the discipline and its different narratives.
34On heritage I should like to mention the works of Françoise Choay, the issue on “Monument/Memory,” edited by Kurt Foster, in Oppositions 1982, the book of Roland Recht, Penser le patrimoine (1998), and Stanford Anderson’s essays on historiography, memory, and conservation (1995, 1998).
Auteur
Maristella Casciato
Maristella Casciato is Professor of History of Architecture, University of Bologna, and Chair of Docomomo International. Her scholarly studies on modern movement conservation theory have appeared in many languages. Her most recent publications include: “Aims and Themes of the Docomomo Registers,” in do.co.mo.mo._100 Japan (2005); “Heritage: the interval between building and recalling, The Journal of Architecture, 2004, 2; and several contributions to Docomomo publications.