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Exporting Legality – Mariya Tait Slys

King Francis I and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificient, attributed to Titian (1539 circa). The painting depicts the institution of the Franco-Ottoman alliance, established in 1536 by the king of France Francis I and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent. Article 2 of the 1535 Premières Capitulations avec la France contained the first instance of extraterritorial jurisdictional privileges for French traders conducting business within the territories of the Ottoman Empire conceded by a Sultan to a European sovereign and codified within a positive treaty. The provision contained the embryo of what would later become extraterritorial consular jurisdiction under public international law, providing the basis for all later European claims to capitulatory treaties in the Levant. The capitulatory regime of the Ottoman Empire in turn subsequently served as a frame of reference and legitimation in establishing ‘Unequal Treaties’ in East Asia.   Télécharger l’image (.png, 545.67 KB)

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