Exporting Legality
The Rise and Fall of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in the Ottoman Empire and China
How did two radically different legal cultures, those of the Ottomans and the Chinese, gradually acquire a legal architecture analogous to that of Europe? This Paper attempts to answer this question by providing a comparative study in legal history of the rise and demise of extraterritorial consular jurisdiction, utilizing a post-colonial and inter-disciplinary approach to international law. The study reveals that the establishment of consular jurisdiction during the nineteenth century was clo...
Note de l’éditeur
Cover picture King Francis I and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificient, attributed to Titian (1539 circa).
The painting depicts the institution of the Franco-Ottoman alliance, established in 1536 by the king of France Francis I and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent. Article 2 of the1535 Premières Capitulations avec la France contained the first instance of extraterritorial jurisdictional privileges for French traders conducting business within the territories of the Ottoman Empire conceded by a Sultan to a European sovereign and codified within a positive treaty. The provision contained the embryo of what would later become extraterritorial consular jurisdiction under public international law, providing the basis for all later European claims to capitulatory treaties in the Levant. The capitulatory regime of the Ottoman Empire in turn subsequently served as a frame of reference and legitimation in establishing ‘Unequal Treaties’ in East Asia.
Éditeur : Graduate Institute Publications
Lieu d’édition : Genève
Publication sur OpenEdition Books : 10 février 2014
ISBN numérique : 978-2-940503-43-8
DOI : 10.4000/books.iheid.788
Collection : eCahiers de l’Institut | 23
Année d’édition : 2014
ISBN (Édition imprimée) : 978-2-940503-42-1
How did two radically different legal cultures, those of the Ottomans and the Chinese, gradually acquire a legal architecture analogous to that of Europe? This Paper attempts to answer this question by providing a comparative study in legal history of the rise and demise of extraterritorial consular jurisdiction, utilizing a post-colonial and inter-disciplinary approach to international law. The study reveals that the establishment of consular jurisdiction during the nineteenth century was closely linked to the process of legal ‘modernization’ that affected many Asian and Arab societies. As such, this study contributes to the explanation of the gradual convergence of many non-Western traditional legal cultures with typically continental legal structures. This ePaper provides an in-depth analysis of the origin, further development and termination of this controversial institution of public international law as applied to the Ottoman Empire and China.
Mariano Garcia Rubio Prize 2013 in International Law.
Mariya Tait Slys holds a Master in International Law from the Graduate Institute and a Bachelor in International and Diplomatic Sciences from Bologna University. Before coming to Geneva, Mariya spent one year studying law and social sciences at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Her current research interests include postcolonial approaches to international law, critical legal studies, history, philosophy and epistemology of international law as well as, more recently, enforced disappearance in some Eastern European countries. Besides her academic interests, she also regularly volunteers for several international film festivals in Geneva and Lausanne. At present, Mariya is pursuing an internship for the International Commission of Jurists’ International Law and Protection Programmes, while working as an assistant for the Graduate Institute's Executive Education department.
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