Decentralisation Hybridized
|6. Annex I: Chronology
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11820 – Turco-Egyptian invasion of what is now Sudan and South Sudan
21881 – Al-Mahdi’s revolt leads to the withdrawal of the Turco-Egyptians
31898 – Anglo-Egyptians recapture Sudan
41930 – “Southern Policy”, intended to culturally separate North and South, implemented
51949 – Marshall Report presents a vision of local governments, with aim of democratizing Sudan
61951 – Local Government Ordinance establishes local councils
71953 – First national elections
81955 – Violent conflict breaks out between North and South
91956 – Independence of Sudan
101962 – Full-scale civil war breaks out; South is led by the Anyanya guerilla
111969 – Nimeiri comes into power via military coup
121971 – People’s Local Government Act introduces three tiers of government
131972 – Addis Ababa Peace Agreement gives the South autonomous status
141980 – Regional Government Act creates five regions in the North, starting
discussion of redivisioning the South into three regions
151981 – People’s Local Government Act devolves power to lower levels
161983 – Southern Government is dissolved into three regions; Sharia is imposed on South, resulting in renewed violence by SPLM/A, which soon controls large parts of the Southern territory
171985 – Nimeiri overthrown by protests in Khartoum
181989 – Bashir comes to power via military coup
191991 – Nasir Faction splits off from SPLM/A
201991 – Torit Resolution stresses need for civil administration in South
211994 – National convention at Chukudum specified structures of civil administration under SPLM/A
221994 – 11th Constitutional Decree establishes the states in Sudan
231996 – At Conference on Civil Society and Civil Authority, structure of Civil Authority of New Sudan (CANS) is further developed
242005 – Government of Sudan and SPLM/A sign the CPA
252006 – Juba Declaration incorporates Southern militias into SPLA
262009 – Local Government Act is signed by the president of Southern Sudan
272010 – National elections
282011 – Referendum on independence is held in January, leads to birth of the Republic of South Sudan on 9 July
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