A

agriculture / maraîchage de proximité 18, 155, 380, 382, 425, 431

apiculture 264, 288, 292, 362

arbitrage, conciliation (ṣulḥ) 102, 103, 111, 112, 226, 22

artisanat 27, 28, 30, 130, 153, 157, 185, 189, 329, 330-332, 335, 337-339, 341, 343, 345, 410, 424, 430, 432

artisanat moderne 88, 214, 328, 338-341, 343-345, 410, 411, 424, 430

association économique (entre jardiniers et citadins) 25, 153, 311, 325, 352, 362-364, 367. 431

autoconsommation 64, 154, 348, 358, 424, 440

autonomie alimentaire 33, 39, 44, 47, 161, 294, 349, 427, 432, 436

B

bédouin 75, 87, 98, 124, 129, 137, 138, 153, 158, 162, 216, 225, 292, 308, 315, 328-330, 332, 335, 341, 373, 406, 416, 419

bien de mainmorte (waqf) 18, 48, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61. 63, 67-69, 85, 1 10. 111, 119, 124. 132, 144, 152, 157, 181, 183, 185, 192, 196-199, 201, 205, 207, 376, 379

C

chef de canal (šayḫ al-nahr) 99

chef de lignage 83-85, 99, 100, 102, 103, 148, 361, 379

chef de quartier (muḫtār, šayḫ al-hara) 24, 27, 93, 130, 132, 156, 159, 331, 379

chef des jardiniers (šayḫ al-basātneh) 31, 57, 81, 83, 84, 88, 98-100, 103, 104, 110, 113, 144, 195, 219, 220, 228, 229, 238, 241, 247, 257, 302, 352, 353

chômage 75, 332, 348

citadinité, culture citadine 162, 296, 297, 325, 404, 417, 425, 430, 434, 435

commerce de proximité 146, 154, 155, 157, 305, 337, 425, 428

commercialisation des fruits et légumes 26, 29, 113, 121, 122, 127, 327, 341, 345, 365, 366, 371, 374, 375, 377-379, 431

conciliation (groupe) 23, 28, 84, 93, 102, 103, 154, 156, 203, 219, 224-227, 233, 244, 302

conflit 25, 52, 84, 86, 89, 91, 93, 97, 101-103, 109, 110, 217, 219, 220, 224, 227, 242, 246, 254, 329, 416

conseil de quartier (mağlis al-hay, al-hara) 28, 91, 144, 154, 399

conseil du chef des jardiniers (mağlis šayḫ al-basātneh) 83-85. 87-90, 99, 100, 102, 103, 144, 142, 148, 219, 220, 229, 241, 302, 329, 352, 353

construction illicite 170, 390, 392, 411, 413, 415, 416, 433

contrat agricole 20, 66, 70, 76-80, 93, 111, 188, 203, 208-210, 212-214, 220, 224, 225, 233, 256

coopérative 22, 23, 32, 57, 206, 216, 217, 219-223, 225-229, 231-234, 240, 242-244, 246, 254, 257, 282, 283, 291, 302, 307, 347, 348, 351, 353, 359, 376, 392, 429

corporation de métier 109, 116, 121, 124, 160, 249

corporation des nobles (niqābat al-ašrāf) 51

corps de métier 160, 338, 414

crise

de l'agriculture 205

de l'artisanat 329, 333, 338

de l'industrie 337, 340

économique 177, 332-334, 347

croissance urbaine 24, 32, 33, 41, 47, 87, 169, 176, 265, 337, 383, 386, 392, 411, 425

D

déplacement d'activité 343, 365, 424, 430

droits acquis sur l'eau (ḥuqūq muktasaba) 96, 103, 104, 113, 238-241, 247

E

économie familiale 33, 58, 79, 92, 169, 190, 201, 257, 296, 349, 356, 382, 424, 429, 430

économie urbaine 18, 33, 39, 47, 49, 134, 169, 176. 198, 200, 214, 256, 257, 325, 329, 337, 339, 341, 345, 416, 422, 427, 431-433

entraide, solidarité 23, 25, 66, 74, 76, 81, 89, 100, 101, 127, 144, 154, 203,230, 231,234,331, 349. 358, 359, 372. 389, 416, 427. 429. 446

espace public 29, 174, 313, 399, 405, 410, 413, 417, 419

espace vert 391, 393, 394, 409, 412, 413, 417, 423. 425, 431

exode rural 47, 170, 205, 330, 405, 406, 419

F

ferme-villa 388, 389, 392

G

garde-canaux (muftaḥǧīn) 239

gardien de jardins (ḥāras) 81, 363, 401

gardien des eaux (šāwī) 81, 98-100, 239, 247

ghouta 19, 76, 98, 99, 101-103, 163, 246, 392, 403, 413, 428, 433

grand lignage de jardiniers 23, 83, 84, 88, 89, 91, 92, 99, 100, 102, 103, 142, 144, 157, 195, 212, 219-222, 229, 238, 241-243, 246, 247, 257, 325, 329, 351-354, 361, 370

H

habitat/quartier illicite 171, 216, 340, 390, 413, 415

honneur 28, 354, 355

I

industrialisation 32, 47, 75, 170, 174, 184, 185, 205, 214, 331, 332, 339, 341, 344, 346, 347, 421, 424

innovation technique 58, 62, 93, 294, 296, 297, 321, 430

irrigants (groupe d') 74, 96, 98-101, 103, 104, 108, 109, 111, 113, 161, 229, 238, 241-244, 246, 247, 249, 250-252, 255, 257, 352, 353, 427

J

jardinier amateur 346, 350, 351, 424, 430

journalier 31, 44, 57, 64, 70, 71, 75, 76, 80, 81, 88, 98,99, 126, 149, 154, 201, 208, 212-215, 219, 230, 243, 273, 277, 283, 285, 304, 305, 308, 315, 316, 328, 336, 346, 354, 363, 388, 404, 446

L

lieu de promenade (muntazaha) 387, 391, 394, 398, 401, 407, 412, 417, 422

loi sur les relations agricoles 208-212, 214, 217, 357, 385, 393, 450

loisir 58, 277, 340, 348, 351, 389, 390, 400, 404, 405, 407-409, 412, 423

M

main-d'œuvre familiale 70-72, 214, 215, 273, 283, 357

marché de fruits et légumes 23, 26, 28, 29, 35, 47, 57, 73, 76, 115, 117, 119-127, 130, 137, 138, 148, 155, 157, 176, 179, 227, 228, 232, 263, 285, 286, 289, 294, 295, 297, 304, 305, 308, 310, 311, 325, 333, 337, 338, 342, 350, 361, 364-375, 377-382, 412, 435

médina/mdina 13, 96, 128-130, 132, 135, 137, 140, 142-146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 159, 161, 162, 226, 346, 373, 398, 410, 411, 413-420, 428, 432, 434-436

mitage urbain 385, 390, 391, 423

mobilité

saisonnière 127, 128, 349, 427

socioprofessionnelle 230, 336, 341, 353, 357, 421

modernisation urbaine 410, 411, 418, 423, 425, 431, 434

motopompe 58, 101, 104, 177-179, 190, 205, 206, 210, 219, 230, 232, 233, 240, 244, 245, 246-249, 250-257, 279, 300, 310, 311, 354, 359, 365, 429

N

nationalisation 167, 185, 206, 207, 338, 339, 420, 448

néo-citadin 35, 198, 200, 406, 408, 411, 414-417, 421, 435, 435

néo-jardinier 327, 331, 333, 334

noria (na‘ūra) 25, 47, 92, 93, 95, 97, 104-112, 151, 152, 174, 175, 177, 178, 192, 211, 235, 248, 249, 251-254, 257, 288, 309-311, 353, 366, 391, 418, 422, 427, 445

notables 27, 28, 39, 49-52, 54-61, 69, 70, 78, 80, 83, 89, 91, 110, 113, 119, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137, 141-145, 160, 161, 167, 169, 182-186, 188, 190, 192, 194-196, 198, 199, 201, 204, 207, 219, 221, 231, 242, 247, 288, 325, 331, 332, 336, 374, 404, 417, 420, 427, 428

P

parc public 391-393, 410, 411, 413, 417-419, 423, 425, 431

pêche (dans l'Oronte) 155, 400

pépinière 278, 352, 364, 365, 379, 445

pièce de réception (manzūl, madafa) 58, 86-90,116, 141, 143, 154, 308, 361, 399, 424, 428

pluri-activité 92, 264, 340, 344, 347, 365, 424, 430

pollution 118, 162, 244, 281, 282, 406-409, 413, 415

polyculture intensive 52, 294, 297, 430

précarité 70, 79-82, 119, 152, 167, 208, 241, 349, 353, 355, 356

Q

quartier de jardiniers 26, 27, 34, 39, 82, 90-92, 113, 115, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 144, 151, 154, 156, 158-161, 336, 343, 380, 421, 431

R

réforme agraire 52, 56, 167, 177, 183, 184, 204, 206-

208, 217, 221-233, 420, 448

régime foncier 20, 36, 39, 48, 64, 70, 264, 350

réserve alimentaire, conserves (mūné) 64, 127, 176, 273, 358, 380, 381, 446

S

ségrégation 130, 131, 137, 140, 335, 414, 428

sociabilité 23, 29, 33, 90, 100, 101, 103, 261, 361, 381, 389, 405, 409, 417, 423, 424, 430

société citadine 18, 22, 23, 26-28, 32-36, 39, 41, 48, 49, 64, 69, 74, 83, 103, 108, 110, 113, 115, 117-119, 130, 145, 148, 154, 158-163, 180, 183, 200, 213, 219, 223, 228, 229, 238, 241, 242, 257, 325, 327-330, 334-336, 341, 343, 345, 346, 352-354, 361, 362, 365, 382, 393, 397, 398, 401, 406, 409, 414, 416-418, 421, 423-428, 431-435

structure agraire 20, 24, 36, 41, 70, 180, 211, 264, 393, 398

syndicat agricole 210, 217, 222, 223, 231, 232, 353

T

tour d'eau (‘addān) 96, 101, 102, 107-109, 142, 246, 250, 251

tourisme 174, 248, 391, 408, 409, 411, 419, 422, 425

V

valet de jardin (aǧīr) 44, 72-74, 76, 99, 102, 118, 154, 214, 215, 328, 333, 402, 446