The legacy of French rule in India (1674-1954)
|Appendix 3
Chronology of Outstanding Events
Volltext
Chronology of outstanding events1
- 1 David Annoussamy, L’Intermède français en Inde, pp. 391-396.
1* The events of special interest have been highlighted*
1617 |
Exploration of Pondicherry by Jean Pépin, of the Company of Saint Malo. |
1664 |
Foundation of the Royal Company of France in India. |
1672 25 September |
De La Haye seizes San Thomé. Chir-khan lodi concedes to him a site in Pondicherry. |
1673 4 February |
Bellanger de Lespinay arrives in Pondicherry. |
1674 |
San Thomé is seized by the Dutch. François Martin arrives in Pondicherry with 60 men. The French establish a lodge in Pondicherry. |
1677 |
Chir-khan lodi is defeated by Shivaji at Thiruvadigai. François Martin receives a written order on the order of Shivaji. |
1688 |
François Martin obtains authorization to trade in Karikal. |
1690 |
The enclave of Chandernagore is founded. |
1693 7 September |
Surrender of Pondicherry to the Dutch. |
1699 21 September |
The Dutch return Pondicherry. |
1701 5 September |
Creation of a sovereign council in Pondicherry. |
1706 25 August |
Inauguration of the Fort Saint Louis in Pondicherry. |
1719 |
Gourouvappa goes to France to appeal to the justice of the king against the condemnation of his father by Hébert. |
1720 30 April |
The East India Company is reunited to that of the West. |
1721 2 April |
Obtaining of some land at the mouth of the river in Mahe. |
1730 |
A Jesuit college is opened in Pondicherry. |
1731 30 July |
Installation at Yanam. |
1738 17 July |
Treaty between Dumas and the king of Tanjore for the cession of Karikal. |
1740 |
The Mahrattas sweep through the region. The families of Sufder Ali and of Chanda Sahib take asylum in Pondicherry. |
1746 21 September |
Madras is taken by La Bourdonnais. |
1748 14 October |
Dupleix forces the English to leave Pondicherry after 54 days of open trench warfare. |
1749 1 September |
Madras is returned to the English. |
1750 15 December |
Mouzaferjung with support from the French triumphs over his uncle Nazerjung at Vellimédou-pettai, not very far from Gingy. He is proclaimed soubab of the Deccan. |
1753 |
Defeat of the French forces before Trichinapoly. |
1757 23 March |
The English take hold of Chandernagore and destroy it. |
1758 2 June |
Capture and complete destruction of the Fort Saint David of Cuddalore by Lally Tollendal. |
1761 15 January |
Capture of Pondicherry by the English who completely destroy the White town. |
1763 |
Treaty of Paris, the French possessions are reduced to the five enclaves. |
1765 11 April |
Return of Pondicherry to the French. |
1771 27 July |
Suppression of the Company. Declaration of Free Trade in Pondicherry. |
1773 |
Opening of a seminary in Pondicherry. |
1776 28 February |
The king takes on direct Administration of the enclaves. Surrender of the place of Pondicherry to the English. |
1784 10 March |
Return of Pondicherry by virtue of the preliminaries of the treaty of Paris of 1782. |
1785 |
New Company for trade in all the seas of India. |
1787 26 July |
Departure of the ambassadors of Tippu Sultan to Louis XVI. |
1790 22 February |
Arrival of the news about the Revolution. |
1 March |
General Assembly of citizens. |
11 March |
Dispatch of the notebook of complaints of the French and the Malabars. |
1791 6 March |
First manifestation of the Indians against the governor. |
25 April |
Desertion of the Indian soldiers. |
22 July |
Revolt of the Indians. |
3 August |
Political grouping of a representative corps of all the French establishments in India. |
1792 |
Virassamy is made Lieutenant Colonel. |
14 July |
Feast of the Federation. |
2 August |
The new national pavilion is displayed. |
22 August |
The National Assembly in Paris decides that India will send it two representatives. |
1 October |
Ban on trade of slaves by the Assembly of citizens. |
1793 3 April |
The tree of liberty is planted on the Arms Square. Liberty of trade is proclaimed. |
25 July |
It is decided that the judges will be elected in time by the citizens. |
23 August |
Pondicherry is occupied by the British. |
1799 February |
Search by the British at the house of all the inhabitants upon accusation of wanting to go to Tippu Sultan. Arrest of many including Nidarajappa Ayer. |
4 May |
Tippu Sultan is killed in Seringapattam. |
1803 11 July |
Decision to return Pondicherry to France. |
1 October |
Cancellation of the previous decision. |
1814 30 May |
Treaty of Paris. |
1816 |
Resumption of possession of the enclaves.. |
1817 |
Pondicherry is declared a free port. Customs barriers raised around Pondicherry. |
1819 6 January |
Promulgation of French codes |
1826 25 November |
Establishment of the big bazaar. |
1827 1 February |
Creation of a free primary school. |
12 February |
Opening of a boarding school for young girls. Layout of the big canal separating the White town from the Black town. |
1828 |
Creation of a free primary school for pariahs.Creation of the first mechanical mill. |
1836 10 May |
Inauguration of the lighthouse of Pondicherry. |
1838 |
Beginning of the law school lessons. |
1840 23 July |
Organic order for the administration of India. |
1842 2 July |
Decree concerning the judicial organization. |
1848 18 March |
French India asked to elect a member of Parliament by universal suffrage. A right which is withdrawn immediately. |
1849 13 February |
Creation of a consultative chamber of commerce. |
1851 24 July |
Ascent by balloon in Pondicherry of Mr. Manet, a French aeronaut. |
1852 |
Fall of hailstones in Pondicherry in the afternoon, in the hot season. |
1856 |
Engraving of names of streets and numbering of houses. |
1857 |
Bridge on the river Sunambar. |
1862 17 November |
Inauguration of the French line of India by the Imperial Messageries (Naval Messageries)-Arrival of the source of Water from Mouttrapaléam to the fountains of the grand bazaar and of the government place. |
1863 |
Creation of a school of medicine. |
1864 |
Bridge over the river of Ariancoupom. |
1871 7 February |
Restoration of the right to elect a Member of Parliament by universal suffrage. |
1875 |
Right to elect a senator. Creation of the bank of Indochina in place of the English bank: Oriental Bank. |
1877 2 May |
Official opening of the Calvé College teaching French, Tamil and English. |
1879 26 January |
Creation of elective councils in French India. Distribution of seats by lists (Europeans and Indians). |
15 December |
Inauguration of the railway line in Pondicherry. |
1880 12 March |
Creation of the Municipalities. |
24 April |
Reorganization of the civil state. |
1881 21 September |
Possibility of renunciation of the personal statute. |
1885 |
Establishment of a coal park for replenishing the ships. |
1888 |
Creation of the Alliance Française of Pondicherry. |
1898 14 March |
Opening of the steel tipped Péralam-Karikal line. |
24 May |
Decree declaring compulsory education for everyone. |
1908 |
Allocation of water from Mouttrapaléam in the houses. |
1909 |
Setting up of an electricity producing factory. |
1923 9 December |
Institution of an eliminatory grade in French at the Baccalaureate. |
1941 28 January |
Customs agreement with the British Government. |
1945 |
An Indian is elected for the first time to sit in Paris. |
23 August |
Removal of lists, the members of the different councils to be elected by the citizens as a whole. |
1946 25 October |
Creation of a representative assembly. |
1947 12 August |
Creation of a Government Council. |
28 August |
Joint declaration of the French and Indian governments concerning the future of the enclaves. |
7 November |
Chandernagore is declared a free town. |
1948 18 June |
Ministerial declaration concerning the selfdetermination of the Establishments. |
28 June |
Agreement on the referendum. |
30 December |
Creation of a council of the autonomous administrative dispute. |
1949 10 March |
General Assembly of the Municipal Councils about the referendum. |
1 April |
End of the customs agreement. |
18 October |
Second Meeting of the General Assembly of the Municipal Councils concerning the referendum. |
1950 3 April |
Law for a referendum in the Establishments. |
2 May |
De facto transfer of Chandernagore. |
1952 24 October |
India denounces the agreement of 1948 on the referendum. |
1954 10 May |
Creation of a work tribunal. |
24 September |
Integration of Chandernagore in the state of West Bengal. |
18 October |
The Kijéour Congress approves the de facto transfer. |
1 November |
De facto transfer of the Establishments by France to India. |
1955 |
Chandernagore set up as a corporation. Creation of the Institut Français de Pondichéry. |
1956 28 May |
Signature of the Treaty of Cession. |
1962 16 August |
De jure Cession of the Establishments. |
5 December |
Pondicherry (Administration) Act. |
1963 9 February |
Equivalence of French degrees by the Inter University Board. |
16 March |
Supplementary Agreement. Complement to the Treaty. |
10 May |
The government of Union Territories Act. The Pondicherry (Laws) Regulation. |
1964 |
Struggle against the propagation of the Hindi language. |
1966 21 October |
Civil Courts Act. |
1967 |
Setting up of Broadcasting in Pondicherry. |
1968 2 May |
The Pondicherry (Extension of Laws) Act. Creation of Auroville. |
1971 |
New fall of hailstones in Pondicherry in the afternoon during the hot season. |
1973 13 August |
The Pondicherry Municipalities Act, The Pondicherry village and commune panchayats Act. |
1979 |
Demonstration against the merger attempt into the neighboring states. |
1984 |
Installation of a television transmitting set. |
1985 |
Creation of the University of Pondicherry. |
1986 |
The Consumer Protection Act. |
1994 20 October |
Institution of a complete system of legal aid. |
2004 7 January |
Law instituting overseas Indian nationality. |
Anmerkungen
1 David Annoussamy, L’Intermède français en Inde, pp. 391-396.
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