Achilles, 142

Adam, 211

Adolf of Nassau, 172, 221, 247

Aelius Aristides, 141

Aeneas (Enea), Trojan hero, 92

Agostino Patrizi Piccolomini, 164, 187, 336

Albert I (Habsburg), king of theRomans, 98, 159, 172, 243, 247

Albert II (Habsburg), 173

Albert VI (Habsburg), Archduke ofAustria, 157, 172

Albertino Mussato, 7-8, 235, 241, 263-267, 269-279, 286-295

Alberto, see Albert

Albertus de Bezanis, 219-221

Albertus de Constancia, 234

Alessandro dell’Antella, 307, 315

Alessandro III, see Alexander III

Alexander III, pope, 98, 217

Alexander von Roes, 14

Alfonso I (Aragon), 167, 175, 179, 184-185

Alfonso V, king of Portugal, 174

Anastasius I, emperor, 210

Anastasius II, pope, 210

Anchises, 292

Andrea Dandolo, 284

Andrea Mantegna, 333

Andrea Partenopeo, 185

Andrea Santacroce, 135

Andrew, apostle, 213

Angelo de Castro, 121

Angelo Lapi, 190

Angelus of Florence, 21

Anonimo Romano, 5, 69-75, 79, 82,

Antonio Averlino (Filarete), 129

Antonio Beccadelli (Panormita), 167, 185

Antonio Costanzi, 165, 187

Antonio Graziadei, 189

Antonio Loschi, 57, 312

Antonio Pisano (Pisanello), 333

Antonio Pucci, 50

Antonio Roselli, 109, 110, 113, 115-121, 123-124

Antonius Pius, emperor, 213

Arcadius, emperor, 210

Aristotle, 53, 60

Augustine, church father, 47, 53-56

Augusto, see Augustus, emperor

Augustus, emperor, 75, 93-94, 99, 101, 110, 142, 201, 210-212, 218, 220, 222, 234-235, 237-240, 246, 252, 254, 263, 292

Aurelian, emperor, 253

Azzo Visconti, 315

Azzone da Bologna, 49,

Bailardino Nogarola, 274

Balduin of Trier, 22, 33,

Barbarossa, see Frederick I

Bartolo da Sassoferrato, see Bartolusof Sassoferrato

Bartolomeo Bracciolini, 146

Bartolomeo Cipolla, 168, 185

Bartolomeo da San Concordio, 48

Bartolomeo Maraschi, 164

Bartolomeo Pagello, 168, 189

Bartolomeo Pendaglia, 166

Bartolomeo Tomasi, 134

Bartolus of Sassoferrato, 33, 49, 110

Basilio, 168

Battista da Siena, 190

Battista Guarini, 166, 182

Battista Pagliarini, 269

Benedetto XIII, see Benedict XIII

Benedict V, pope, 216

Benedict VII, pope, 217

Benedict XII, 295-299

Benedict XIII, pope, 110, 310

Benozzo Gozzoli, 333

Benvenuto Campesani, 269

Benvenuto da Imola, 8, 56, 233, 236, 244-248, 250-255

Benzo of Alessandria, 235

Berengar I, emperor, 208, 241

Berengar III, 208

Berengar IV, 208, 253

Bernarbò Visconti, 306, 309

Bernardino Maffei, 185

Bernardo Giugni, 184

Bernardo Giustinian, 7, 168-169, 171-179, 181

Bertrand de Déaulx, 80

Bertrand Pouget, 302

Bessarion, cardinal, 167, 175, 177

Bianca Maria Visconti, 283

Bindo di Cione del Frate, 101

Boniface IX, pope, 84, 113, 309-312

Boniface VIII, pope, 71, 90, 172, 247, 263, 276

Bonifacio dei Coppi, 25

Bonifacio, pope, see Boniface

Borso d’Este, 157, 166, 175, 179

Brancaleone degli Andalò, 98

Brunetto Latini, 45, 49, 54,

Caesar, Julius, 8, 47, 57-58, 79-80, 92, 94-95, 101, 111, 201-202, 233-235, 237-238, 241, 246-247, 249, 250, 254, 291, 310

Camillus (Marcus Furius), 142

Cangrande della Scala, 268-269, 271-274, 287-290, 292, 294

Carlo Pandolfini, 184

Carlo, see Charles

Castruccio Castracani, 315

Catiline (Lucius Sergius), 53, 57, 58, 60, 63

Cato, 57, 62, 142

Celestine III, pope, 217

Cencio Rustici, 141-144, 147

Cesare, see Caesar

Charlemagne, emperor, 96-97, 116, 147, 211, 215-216, 237, 241, 246-247, 253, 254, 329

Charles de France (Duke of Berry), 248

Charles I (of Anjou), 307

Charles IV, emperor, 4, 6, 8, 11-16, 18-24, 26, 28-29, 31-33, 35, 71, 79, 81-82, 93, 99-102, 110, 135, 161, 221, 245, 247, 250-251, 300-306, 308-310, 327, 331, 335

Charles of Moravia, see Charles IV

Charles the Fat, emperor, 237

Charles V, emperor, 3, 160,

Charles VI (of France), 231

Charles VII, 134, 178

Charles VIII (of France), 161

Christ, Jesus, 20, 32, 76, 93-94, 100, 220, 238, 246, 297, 304

Cicero (Tullius), 5, 45-49, 51-63, 291

Cino da Pistoia, 119

Ciriaco d’Ancona, 146

Claudian, 298

Claudius, emperor, 205, 212

Clement V, pope 293

Clement VI, pope, 70, 72-73, 77-78, 81, 299-300

Clement VII, antipope, 308, 309

Clemente, see Clement

Cleopatra, 252

Cola di Rienzo, 5, 12, 18, 32-33, 57, 59-60, 69-83, 92, 102, 285, 300-302

Colombano da Pontremoli, 164

Coluccio Salutati, 18, 45, 57, 63, 135, 303-304, 306-308, 310-314

Conradin, 307

Conradus Celtis, 165

Constantine IV, emperor, 214

Constantine the Great, emperor, 11, 78-79, 83, 95-96, 110-111, 211, 213, 237, 239-242, 246, 251, 253-254

Constantine VI, emperor, 215

Constantine, pope, 211

Convenevole da Prato, 296, 299

Cornelius Menghers, 137

Corradino di Svevia, see Konrad III

Costantino, see Constantine

Crisostomo, 168

Cristo, see Christ, Jesus

Daniel, prophet, 250

Dante Alighieri, 32-33, 53, 56, 58- 60, 71, 92-93, 98, 102, 159, 203, 222-224, 241, 244, 263, 267, 269-298, 302-303, 305-306

David, king, 92

Decembrio, Pietro Candido, 175, 189

Decius, emperor, 253

Dietrich von Nieheim, 15, 234

Dino Compagni, 51

Diocletian, emperor, 94, 245, 253

Domenico Capranica, 254

Domitian, emperor, 212

Donato Barbadori, 307, 315

Edward III, 296

Egnazio, see Giovanni BattistaCipelli

Eleanor of Portugal, 29, 157, 163, 167, 170, 174, 175

Eleonora del Portogallo, see Eleanorof Portugal

Eleutherius, pope, 238

Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Pius II), 83-84, 122, 159, 162-164, 166-167, 174-179, 184, 248-249, 334, 336

Enea, see Aeneas

Ennius, 292

Enrico VII, see Henry VII

Ercole I d’Este, 180

Ermolao Barbaro (il giovane), 168, 171, 188

Eugenio IV, see Eugenius IV

Eugenius IV, pope, 83, 120-122, 129, 130-134, 138-140, 142-144, 147, 219, 284, 314-315, 317

Eusebio, see Eusebius

Eusebius of Caesarea, 93, 239-240

Ezzelino III da Romano, 264, 268, 287

Farinata degli Uberti, 98

Fazio degli Uberti, 5-6, 8, 89-95, 97-102

Federico da Pordenone, 168

Federico, see Frederick, various emperors

Felice V, see Felix V

Felix III, pope, 210

Felix V, antipope (Amadeus VIII), 121, 122

Ferrante d’Aragona, 178

Ferreto degli Ferreti, 241

Filarete, see Antonio Averlino

Filippo Maria Visconti, 314, 315

Filippo Scolari (Pippo Spano), 22

Flavio Biondo, 8, 159, 167, 171, 175-177, 185, 283-286, 318

Flavius Josephus, 212

Florianus, emperor, 240, 243

Fortebraccio, see Niccolò della Stella

Francesco Accolti, 165, 184

Francesco Baroncelli, 92

Francesco Condulmer, 175

Francesco da Barberino, 241

Francesco Diedo, 168, 185

Francesco Foscari, 169, 171

Francesco Petrarca, 6, 12, 32-33, 47,51, 53, 57, 73-74, 99, 101-102, 135, 140, 146, 222, 239, 244, 248-251, 285, 296-299, 301, 303, 317

Francesco Rolandello, 165, 168, 186

Francesco Scalamonti, 146

Francesco Sforza, 158, 162, 164, 167, 172, 190, 283

Francesco Toti, 61

Francesco Vivaldi da Mondovì, 108

Francesco Zabarella, 108, 109, 113-120, 123, 124

Franco Saccheti, 50

Franesco Filelfo, 165, 171, 189

Frederick I (Barbarossa), emperor, 14-15, 97, 211, 217, 329

Frederick II, emperor, 1, 14, 31, 98-99, 114, 207, 217-218, 221, 233-234, 241-242, 247, 264, 268, 292, 307-308

Frederick III, emperor, 1, 4, 7, 14, 29-30, 109, 115-116, 118, 120-121, 124, 137, 145-146, 157-180, 248-249, 285, 327, 331-336

Frederick the Fair (Habsburg), king, 271, 272, 289, 291, 294, 303

Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 84, 183

Galeazzo Visconti, 315

Galla Placidia, 239

Gallienus, emperor, 242

Galvano Fiamma, 204, 206

Giacomo Campora, 165, 189

Giacomo d’Arena, 119

Giacomo da Varignana, 235

Giacomo il Vecchio da Carrara, 272, 273

Giangaleazzo Visconti, 15, 113, 284, 309, 311-314

Giannozzo Manetti, 165, 167, 183-184, 318

Giano Fregoso, 165

Giano Pannonio, 165-166, 182

Gilbertus Romanus, 201, 208-209

Gimignano Inghirami, 135, 138

Giordano Orsini, cardinal, 139, 170

Giorgio da Trebisonda (Trapezunte), 167, 171, 176-177, 189

Giovanni Antonio Campano, 336

Giovanni Battista Cipelli (Egnazio), 235, 244, 249

Giovanni Bianchi, 84

Giovanni Bianchini, 166

Giovanni Boccaccio, 135, 205, 270, 302-303

Giovanni Brancazolo, 60

Giovanni Colonna, 146, 239

Giovanni da Anagni, 183

Giovanni da Cermenate, 241, 277

Giovanni de Matociis, see Giovanni Mansionario

Giovanni de’ Marignolli, 21

Giovanni del Virgilia, 202

Giovanni di Crescenzio Nomentano, 97

Giovanni Mansionario (de Matociis), 7-8, 233, 236-244, 246-247, 251-255, 263

Giovanni Merlini, 133

Giovanni Pisano, 278, 279

Giovanni Stefano Cotta, 188

Giovanni Stefano Emiliano (Cimbriaco), 165, 168, 189

Giovanni Tortelli, 248

Giovanni Villani, 52, 75, 79, 82, 91, 284, 314

Giovanni Visconti, 311

Giovanni Vitelleschi, 83

Giovanni Vitez, 166

Giovanni XXIII, see John XXIII

Girolamo Castelli, 166, 182

Giulio Cesare, see Caesar

Giustiniano, see Justinian

Gregorio, see Gregory

Gregory I (the Great), 93, 214

Gregory IX, 306

Gregory V, 97

Gregory XI, 306-308

Gregory XII, 109

Guarino Veronese, 165-166, 171, 182

Guglielmo Amidani, 61

Guglielmo da Pastrengo, 239

Guiccio Bracciolini (son of Poggio), 146

Guido Gonzaga, 77

Guido Passuta, 25-26

Guido Vernani, 59

Guillaume d’Estouteville, 178

Guillaume Dufay, 7, 143-144, 147

Hadrian IV, pope, 217

Hadrian, emperor, 240, 254

Hans von Hermansgrün, 15

Heinrich Schlick, 121, 122

Heinrich von Diessenhofen, 11, 23

Heinrich von Gundelfingen, 165

Helius Pertinax, emperor, 207

Henry I (the Fowler), 208, 242, 247

Henry II (of Castile), 307

Henry IV, emperor, 308

Henry V, emperor, 234, 308

Henry VI, emperor, 209, 217

Henry VII (of Luxembourg), emperor, 3, 8, 14, 16, 21-22, 26-28, 30-32, 90, 99, 111, 204, 221, 225, 234-237, 241-244, 247, 254, 263-271, 273-279, 287-289, 291, 293

Herod (the Great), 240

Honorius III, pope, 208, 217

Hormisdas, pope, 210

Iacopo Caviceo, 180

Iacopo de Prata, 188

Innocent I, pope, 210

Innocent III, pope, 116

Innocent IV, pope, 218

Innocent VI, pope, 18

Irene, empress, 215, 247

Isidore of Seville, 91, 240

Isocrates, 171

Jacobus of Voragine, 240

Jacopo von Castelromano, 334

Jacopo Zocchi, 115

Jerome, church father, 91, 240

Johann von Dalberg, 165

Johann von Eych, 124

Johanna, female pope, 202, 223

Johannes Amerbach, 249

Johannes Chrysostomos, 210

Johannes Grünwalder, 121-122

Johannes Heller, 120-124

Johannes Hinderbach, 115-121, 123-124, 163, 165

Johannes Meyer, 234

Johannes Niklosdorf, 139

Johannes of Viktring, 234

Johannes Röttel, 122

Johannes V Palaiologos, emperor, 331

Johannes VIII Palaiologos, emperor, 333

Johannes von Dorsten, 234

John Henry of Luxembourg, 299

John I (Portugal), 174

John of Bohemia, 22, 296, 300

John the Baptist, 246

John XII, pope, 216, 253

John XIII, pope, 97

John XXII, pope, 99, 210, 284, 294-297, 302-303, 315, 317

John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa), pope, 109, 210, 314

Joseph Grünpeck, 165

Julian the Apostate, emperor, 243, 254

Justin I, emperor, 214

Justin II, emperor, 214

Justinian I, emperor, 69, 96, 111, 213-214, 237, 253-254

Justinian II, emperor, 210

Juvencus, 239

Kaspar Schlick, 163, 334

Konrad I, king, 208, 247

Konrad II, emperor, 209

Konrad III, king, 14, 98, 307

Konrad IV, king, 14

Ladislao, see Ladislaus Posthumus

Ladislaus Posthumus, king, 157, 172-173

Lamprecht von Brunn, 24

Leo I, emperor, 213

Leo III, pope, 78

Leo IV, emperor, 215

Leo IX (VIII), pope, 217

Leo of Orvieto (Leo Urbevetanus), 236

Leonardo Bruni, 73, 146-147, 237, 312-318

Leonardo Montagna, 168

Leone, see Leo

Leopold V, duke of Austria, 177

Lilio Libelli, 190

Livy, 91, 235

Lorenzo Valla, 129, 175, 248

Lothar II, 208, 210

Louis (the Great of Hungary), 305

Louis the Blind, 208

Louis the Pious, emperor, 237

Louis XI, king of France, 164, 169, 171

Lovato Lovati, 263, 265, 286

Lucan, 91, 244

Luchino Visconti, 315

Lucius Antonius, 207

Lucrezio Bracciolini (son of Poggio), 146

Ludovico Carbone, 166, 186

Ludovico Colonna, 134

Ludovico da Ponte, 168, 188

Ludovico Foscarini, 175

Ludovico Gonzaga, 166, 171, 333

Ludovico il Bavaro, see Ludwig IV

Ludovico Lazzarelli, 165, 188

Ludovico Pontano, 121

Ludwig IV (the Bavarian), emperor, 8, 18, 28, 30, 32, 90, 99, 210, 221, 247, 264, 272-273, 279, 283-287, 289-305, 307-308, 310-313, 315-318, 335

Ludwig of Brandenburg, 299

Lutz von Landau, 20

Manfred (Son of Frederick II), king, 98, 206, 307

Manfredi di Svevia, see Manfred

Manlius Torquatus, 57

Manuel Chrysoloras, 142

Maometto II, see Mehmed II

Marcian, emperor, 237

Marcus Aurelius, 71

Margaret Maultasch, 299

Margaret of Brabant, 264, 276-279

Margherita di Brabante, see

Margaret of Brabant

Mariano di Matteo Dati, 163

Mark Antony, emperor, 63, 207

Marsilio da Carrara, 272-273, 290

Marsilio da Padova, see Marsilius ofPadua

Marsilius of Padua (Marsilio daPadova), 18, 32-33, 59-61, 272, 290-291, 295

Martin of Troppau, 6-7, 91, 201-225, 238-241, 252-253

Martin V, 131, 132

Martino di Troppau, see Martin of Troppau

Martinus Oppaviensis, see Martin of Troppau

Massimiliano, see Maximilian

Mastino della Scala, 297

Mathias von Neuenburg, 234, 243

Matteo Maria Boiardo, 235

Matteo Palmieri, 224

Matteo Villani, 6, 13

Matteo Visconti, 313

Matthias Corvinus (Mattia Corvino), 161, 166, 248

Mattia Corvino, see Matthias Corvinus

Maurice, emperor, 214, 237

Maxentius, emperor, 253

Maximilian I, 161, 168, 180, 249, 327

Mehmed II, 175, 176

Michael III, emperor, 210

Micheletto Attendolo, 132

Muhammad, prophet, 239

Nero, emperor, 114, 212, 253

Nerone, see Nero

Niccolò Beccari, 26

Niccolò Capocci, 304, 308

Niccolò da Carrara, 289

Niccolò de’ Pagadoppia, 133

Niccolò della Stella (Fortebraccio), 132

Niccolò II d’Este, 244, 246

Niccolò III d’Este, 133

Niccolò Machiavelli, 318

Niccolò Mauruzzi (da Tolentino), 132

Niccolò Niccoli, 141, 145

Niccolò Palmieri, 164

Niccolò Perotti, 165, 183

Niccolò V, see Nicholas V

Nicholas I, pope, 210

Nicholas of Luxemburg, patriarch of

Aquileia, 21

Nicholas V, antipope, see Pietro da Corvaro

Nicholas V, pope, 29, 83, 120, 157, 162, 164, 175, 177

Nicocles, king, 171

Nicodemo Tranchedini, 164

Nicodemus della Scala, 334

Nikolaus Burgmann, 234

Noah, biblical figure, 92

Noè, see Noah

Numa Pompilius, 92

Numerianus, emperor, 240

Octavian, see Augustus, emperor

Odoaker, 213, 247

Orosius, 91, 222

Oswald von Wolkenstein, 30

Ottaviano, see Augustus, emperor

Otto I, emperor, 97, 208, 211, 216, 241, 245, 247, 253-254

Otto II, emperor, 97, 217

Otto III, emperor, 14, 97, 111, 114, 209

Otto IV, emperor, 217

Ottone, see Otto

Ovid, 91, 298

Pandolfo Collenuccio, 180

Panormita, see Antonio Beccadelli

Paolo Barbo, 169, 170-171, 176, 180

Paolo d’Arezzo, 115-116, 119-120

Paolo da Teolo, 269

Paolo dello Mastro, 136, 138, 163, 164

Paolo di Tarso, 95

Paolo Guinigi, 315, 316

Paolo Morosini, 175

Paul II (Pietro Barbo), pope, 84, 169

Paulo II, see Paul II

Paulus Diaconus, 91, 252

Paulus Orosius, 91, 222

Peter von Andlau, 120, 123, 165

Peter, apostle, 83, 210, 216, 220, 238

Petrarch, see Francesco Petrarca

Philip IV (of France), king, 172

Philip of Swabia, 217

Philip VI (of France), king, 296, 297

Phokas, emperor, 214

Pier Paolo Vergerio, 109, 310

Piero della Francesca, 333

Pierre de Colombiers, 20

Pietro Apollonio Collazio, 165, 189

Pietro Barbo, see Paul II, pope

Pietro Candido Decembrio, 175, 189

Pietro da Corvaro (dalla Corvara), antipope, 284, 303

Pietro Molino, 168, 186

Pietro Tommasi, 168, 176, 182

Pino de’ Vernacci, 267, 293

Pio II, see Enea Silvio Piccolomini

Pius II, see Enea Silvio Piccolomini

Plato, 55

Pliny the Elder, 236, 292

Pliny the Younger, 91, 236

Poggio Bracciolini (Poggius Gucius de Terranova), 132, 135, 137, 141, 145-147

Pontius Pilate, 212

Probus de Pannonia, emperor, 253

Prospero Schiaffino da Camogli, 164, 187

Ptolemy of Lucca (Tolomeo da Lucca), 54, 61, 97

Ptolomy, astronomer, 91

Quintos Fabius Maximus Cunctator, 292

Raffaele Fulgosio, 6, 109-113, 115, 120, 123-124

Raffaele Zovenzoni, 168, 190

Raimondo da Orvieto, 78

Remigio dei Girolami, 55

Renato d’Angiò, 166, 178

Riccobaldo of Ferrara, 205-206, 235, 245

Rizzardo da Marliano, 277

Robert of Anjou (the Wise), 206, 296, 299-300, 315

Robert of Geneva, see Clement VII

Robert of Naples, see Robert of Anjou

Robert the Monk, 177

Rodolfo I, see Rudolf I

Roland, companion of Charlemagne, 216

Rolandino da Padova, 292, 293

Rolando da Lucca, 49, 69

Rolando da Piazzola, 268, 270, 286

Romulus Augustulus, 213, 241, 246

Romulus, mythical founder of Rome, 92, 94, 101, 142, 147

Rudolf I, of Habsburg, 12, 15, 18, 71, 98, 159, 172, 221, 247, 294

Rupert of the Palatinate, 13, 21, 311-312

Saladin, 217

Salimbene de Adam, 51

Sallust, 48, 62

Sceva de Curte, 164

Sciarra Colonna, 303, 316

Scipio Africanus, 51, 94, 98, 101, 142, 213

Scipione, see Scipio Africanus

Sebastiano Badoer, 168, 188

Septimius Severus, emperor, 207, 237

Sicco Polenton, 248

Siegbert de Gembloux, 245

Sigismondo del Tirolo, 158

Sigismondo, see Sigismund

Sigismund, emperor, 1, 4, 6-7, 21-23, 25-27, 29-31, 33-34, 109-110, 112, 114-115, 123, 129-148, 161, 172-173, 210, 312, 314-318, 332-336

Silverius, pope, 210

Solino, see Solinus

Solinus, Gaius Julius, 91, 98, 100

Solomon, 299

Stefanardo da Vimercate, 51

Stefano Porcari, 83

Stella dei Tolomei, 166

Suetonius, 212, 224, 235, 240, 246251-252

Tacitus, emperor, 243

Taddeo Quirini, 168, 175-176, 181

Tarquinio, see Tarquinius Superbus

Tarquinius Superbus, 92

Tebaldo Brusati, 277

Telesphorus of Cosenza, 250

Teodosio Spezia, 166, 183

Teodosio, see Theodosius

Theodora, empress, 210

Theodoric, 247

Theodosius, emperor, 96, 237, 254

Thomas Aquinas, 54

Thomas Ebendorfer, 163, 177

Tiberius, 212, 223

Tiburzio di Maso, 83

Todeschini Piccolomini, 164

Tolomeo, see Ptolomy

Traiano, see Trajan

Trajan, emperor, 93, 96, 240,

Trapezunte, see Giorgio da Trebisonda

Tullius, see Cicero

Ubertino da Carrara, 289

Ubertino da Casale, 295

Uberto da Lampugnano, 23, 113-114, 120, 124

Ugolino da Celle, 4, 60

Ulrich von Nussdorf, 122

Ulrich von Rosenberg, 139

Ulrich von Walsee, 271-272, 289

Ulrico, see Ulrich

Urban V, pope, 18, 304-305

Urban VI, pope, 308, 309

Valens, emperor, 243

Valentinian, emperor, 239

Valerian, emperor, 253

Valeriano di Maso, 83

Valerius Maximus, 235, 244

Venceslao, see Wenceslaus

Vespasiano, 70, 71

Vigilius, pope, 210

Vinzenz von Beauvais, 224

Virgil, 143, 235, 239, 244, 292, 304

Vopiscus, 240, 243

Wenceslaus, king of the Romans, 8, 15, 18, 20, 22-25, 113-114, 245, 247, 249-250, 309-314

William II (Holland), king, 218

William III. (Bavaria), duke, 133

Zambono d’Andrea, 263-265

Zeno, emperor, 204, 213, 247