Abstracts
p. 336-338
Texte intégral
11 The collective Programm : "Ground occupation in Narbonensis from the Roman conquest to the Middle Ages"
2f. favory, j.-l. fiches
3This introduction is the opportunity for both publishers of presenting the authors and also the construction of this collective work, which assesses a ten-year research upon rural habitat and agrarian structure in several areas of Southern France, from the Roman conquest to the dawn of Middle Ages. After recalling the history of this collective enterprise, supported by the ministry of Culture, and explaining the common working methods applied by the different teams, the publishers lay stress on the contribution of the work to the study of Gallo-Roman centuriations, to the examination of palaeoenvironment (soil dynamics), to the history of ground occupation, to the typological analysis of rural habitat to the research on settlement dynamics.
42 Land-register of Orange and Archaeology: results and assumptions
5g. chouquer
6With the contribution of ground surveys, of drillings and excavations of cadastral axes, of palaeosoil observations, which data are compared with agrarian morphology, and also of the research on Augusta Tricastinorum, it is now possible to propose a frame of interpretation for land-register B of Orange, especially in the Tricastin area. The latter may have been a “perfectship" in the gromatic meaning of the word, i.e. a territory confiscated so as to meet such needs for land as could not be fully covered by the mere territory of the Orange colony. Interesting comments on this matter are given by the surveyors’ texts, notably Sicculus Flaccus’.
73 Morphological study of land-register B of Orange
8g. chouquer
9Knowledge of the morphology of land-register B of Orange is now finer, notably in the Donzère, Pierrelatte and Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux area, to the south of the Drôme department, where this land-register can be newly interpreted through investigation. Land-register B appears as a good example of scamnatio and strigatio in centuriis, i.e. as a System adopting the morphology of the large centuriations conceived for big assignments, such as are known all through the 1st century B.C. This observation seems to fit in with the chronology of site establishments in the plain and hills of Tricastin, which indicates a regular progress of colonisation from south to north according to land-register.
104 Settlements, soils and land-registers in Tricastin
11t. odiot
12Tricastin is a micro-area remarkably supported by documents of varied origins, which allow the partial reconstruction of the antique landscape that is attempted in this paper. Indeed, the land-register documents found in Orange (Vaucluse) present an exceptionally rich epigraphic record, with a geographical accuracy sufficiently reliable to allow the mapping of the lands assigned to Roman colonists and the lands left to the indigenous population of the Tricastins: besides, it is possible to identify the localities enclosing the lands leased out by the colony. The comparison of the information given by the forma engraved on marble with the archaeological data, obtained through surveys or revealed by excavations, and the pedological data yields some results that help elucidate the process of agrarian colonization based on indigenous and Gallo-Roman centers, and also the farming method used for the lands leased out by the figures mentioned on the forma of land-register B of Orange.
135 Some elements for rural espace study and antique agrarian structures in Tricastin: district of Hautes-Palus, Suze-la-Rousse (Drôme)
14p. poupet
15Tricastin is a field of research for several groups trying to understand the modes of soil occupation from the Neolithic to modem times. Some studies have focused on the existence ofclosed depressions. In fact, these palaeolakes were the privileged place for the sedimentary accumulation integrating the history of rural landscape: they were an ecosystem in which water took an essential part, at all times: lastly, they present a good preservation of the ground print of Orange land-register B. Short drillings reveal the great stages in the filling-up of one of these depressions at Suze-la-Rousse (Drôme), which is a real record of the environment (plant and soil) changes under the pressure of farmers. A few aspects of antique agriculture in this plain can be discussed owing to the excavation of a palaeosoil and some agrarian structures of the Roman period.
166 Rural spaces around Vaison-la-Romaine (Vaucluse) : Accommodations and agrarian morphology of the Gallo-Roman period
17j.-c. meffre
18The research which has been carried out since 1984 in north Vaucluse by the author, with the cooperation of J.-C. Leyraud, is concerned with the rural setting comprised between the antique towns of Vaison-la-Romaine and Orange. This study merely takes into account the town-country relationship in Antiquity, which corresponds to the Voconce territory in the area around Vaison. The dynamics of settlement is considered, from late Prehistory to the end of Antiquity, and also the ancient development of the natural environment, in particular through clearing up the notion of territory, through locating a regional antique way, through tracing land-register B of Orange in the Vaison area (agrarian morphology) and through typologically approaching a system of villae and other Gallo-Roman habitats. Lastly, the study of particular cases including habitats, cultivated areas and lineaments leads the author to advance proposals of historical type allowing characterization of one State of the agrarian structure in the Earlier Empire in the south-Voconce area.
197 Settlement and land-register B north of Orange: first results
20m.-e. bellet, p. borgard, d. carru, c. devalque, j.-c. leyraud, j.-c. meffre
21Here are presented the results of the ground survey carried out in three series of three centuriae in land-register B north of Orange (Vaucluse). This survey shows the existence of many sites. Few early sites have been located, and six only yield a late material. The situation of these sites in relation to centuriae are variable. In one area, there can be seen a distribution per halves of quaters. Nevertheless, the limits of a surveying work are quickly reached, particularly as far as chronology is concerned, in a still too restricted investigation area.
228 New contributions to research about land-registers of Valence in Antiquity
23p. réthoré, f. vaireaux
24The land-registration of Valence and its country was evidenced as far back as 1950. In 1984, further research made it possible to identify three land-registers, thus proposing a dynamics of the Valence landscape in the Roman period. Today, these data are confirmed for two of them, through two excavations which interfer with both Systems each, allowing improvement of their datation.
259 Aerial prospection of landregisters
26l. monguilan
27This paper deals with aerial research conducted in Provence and the Rhône valley and concerned with agrarian morphology. Several locations are connected with Orange land-register B, whose a few axes and parcel elements are pinpointed according to the reference grid. Some others reveal and enigmatic land-register System in the Cléon d’Andran plain, which seems to be ancient but cannot be so far attributed with accuracy. Lastly, some negatives shows tracks and parcel patterns associated with villae, and also fossil plantations.
2810 Researches along Nîmes aqueduct in the lower valley of Alzon (Gard)
29j. benoit, j.-l. fiches, m. gazenbeek
30In this region where the ancient trackway System and traces of land-measuring were reconstructed through photo-interpretation, ground prospection has revealed forty-eight sites and a population development marked by a high density of occupation in the Upper Empire, regularly prepared since the Iron Age and followed by concentration in late Antiquity. Nevertheless, the distribution of the settlement in the valley is not homogeneous and evolves differently according to the areas. The construction of the Nîmes aqueduct did not impede the evolution of the settlement: its presence may even have contributed to the inhabitants’ maintenance in late Antiquity.
3111 Lunel-Viel and its area
32f. favory, a. parodi, p. poupet, c. raynaud
33The Lunel area presents a setting that lends itself to a diachronic analysis of ground occupation during the first millennium. Excavations, surveys, text studies, map- and photo-interpretation, pedological and environmental analyses are carried out in close connection. In this Coastal zone, the antique center of Lunel-Viel, which was to give birth to a medieval village, is an exemplary case for the study of a grouped habitat, its genesis, its influence on the hierarchy of settlement and command of land. This research reveals the oldness and strength of a rural community, which consigned into the background the domanial mode of exploitation based on the villa. Besides, stress is laid on man’s appropriation of his environment, which was intensively developed through clearing, drainage and improvement.
3412 Mèze area and the Prés-Bas villa in Loupian (Hérault) : contribution to the Languedoc shoreline study
35m. lugand, c. pellecuer, m.-h. bou
36The Thau basin is a microregion on the Languedoc shoreline, between Agde and Maguelone. This paper is restricted to the study of one case in the Mèze/Mesua area, considered for a long duration (1st c. BC-12th c. AC). The question of the antique Mèze City is approached in the light of past excavations, and there is already raised the problem of the status of this major site, which was occupied as far back as the 5th c. BC. The process of romanization around Mèze is best known through the excavation of the Prés-Bas villa, at Loupian, which has been newly programmed since 1983. As for the Mas Lavit site, on the Mèze commune, which appears to be another big villa, it has been known through surveys only. On the basis of these two establishments, a few kilometers apart, our study tries to emphasize, to compare, or to contrast, the settling conditions and mode of structuralization of this agricultural space of Mèze. Out of the antique reality, it is possible to look into the medieval development, which is characterized by the emergence of villages, at least at Loupian. A parallel is drawn between the superpositions or displacements of the habitat and the growth of Christian cultural places, sometimes from the very end of the Antiquity, and appearance of fortified points, revealed by texts, which archaeology tries to locate in the field.
3713 Production and estate on the Var coast, in Roman Period: Pardigon' plain (Cavalaire, Croix-Valmer, Var)
38g. conges, p. lecacheur
39The excavation of two adjoining Roman villae on the Var coast, in one of which the find of a wine cellar has enabled the estimation of the wine stocking capacity, entitles the authors to tempt an appraisement of a wine producing estate of Gallia Narbonensis during the 2nd century AD, by comparing the archaeological facts and the ancient texts.
4014 Fréjus: from site Map to suburban settlement pattern
41f. cameron, c. gebara
42Since 1982, the Archaeology Department of the City of Fréjus had been dealing with development projects through a general site map based on incomplete information. A new series of archaeological surveys has allowed us to modify this document into an acceptably accurate version which should be officialized through the city’s urban evaluation document (POS) In 1990. Our final goal would be to completely cover the Fréjus area, except for those tracts already developed or temporarily inaccessible. The Project has also revealed what may be an interesting settlement pattern around the Roman town of Fréjus: farms and a few villae are found in the foothills of the Estérel and Maures ranges, but the area around the city is relatively empty of agricultural settlements. Comparisons with other relevant survey projects are put forth (Luni-Cherchell).
4315 Utilization of computerized data model in Western Var (search for sites with modelisation tests)
44g. delattre, h. ribot, j.-m. théveny
45The purpose of the experiment which has been carried out in Western Var since 1982 is to supply further research with a working tool consisting of an inventory of known archaeological sites and an approach to possible sites not yet discovered. The inventory includes all sites from Prehistory to modem times. The search for sites is made through tests. This paper is concerned with a synthesis bearing on two of the thirteen communes in the area: it is not meant to be fixed at all and is but a preliminary to the future publication dealing with the whole of the experiment. To comply with the length of one paper, we confined ourselves to proto-historic and Gallo-Roman periods.
4616 Soils, palaeosoils and agrarian structures
47p. poupet
48Archaeological prospection has clearly shown that the time has gone when archaeology was considered as perfectly identical to excavation, so that an equivalence tending to restrict archaeological objects to those materially deteriorated and those functionally abandoned and buried does not seem to be reasonable any longer. Nowadays, a more extensive definition of archaeological objects takes into account the space in which societies followed one another. This space is made of loose materials, sometimes altered and arranged into soils, in which one can detect successive periods involving continuity but also upsettings and modifications. The agricultural communities that invested and built those spaces have deeply marked the main object on which they developed: the soil. Therefore archaeological prospection cannot consider the soil as the more or less inert container of the artifacts and buildings which it tries to locate, date and translate. The soil is also one archaeological object.
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