1 Voir Dauber Landis, 1999 ; Id., The Sympathetic State. Disaster Relief and the Origins of the American Welfare State, Chicago, University of Chicago Press [à paraître].
2 William Faulkner, Si je t’oublie, Jérusalem, Paris, Gallimard, 2001 ; Richard Wright, L’homme qui a vu l’inondation, Paris, Gallimard, 2007.
3 Données tirées de The American National Red Cross, The Mississippi Valley Flood Disaster of 1927. Official Report of Relief Operations of The American National Red Cross, Washington, The American National Red Cross, 1929, p. 10. Voir aussi American Red Cross, Red Cross Relief Wheat and Cotton Distribution-Unemployment and Disasters, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1932.
4 Joan Hoff Wilson, Herbert Hoover. Forgotten Progressive, Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1975.
5 Linda Gordon, Pitied but Not Entitled. Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890-1935, New York, The Free Press, 1994.
6 Sur la vision traditionnelle, voir Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings, Social Politics in a Progressive Age, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2000.
7 « Speech in St. Louis Missouri Regarding a Comparison of Hoover and New Deal Relief Methods », in Ray Lyman Wilbur et Arthur Mastick Hyde (eds.), The Hoover Policies, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937.
8 Brian Balogh, « Mirrors of Desire ” : Interest Groups, Elections, and the Targeted Style in Twentieth-Century America », in Meg Jacobs, William J. Novak, Julian E. Zelizer (eds.), The Democratic Experiment. New Directions in American Political History, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 222-249.
9 Sur le racisme dans le Sud, voir Patricia Sullivan, Days of Hope. Race and Democracy in the New Deal Era, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
10 NAACP, Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1918, New York, Arno Press, 1919.
11 Herbert Shapiro, White Violence and Black Response. From Reconstruction to Montgomery, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1988, p. 145-146.
12 Alfred L. Brophy, Reconstructing the Dreamland. The Tulsa Riot of 1921, Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation, New York, Oxford University Press, 2002.
13 Colored Advisory Commission, The Final Report of the Colored Advisory Commission Appointed to Cooperate with The American National Red Cross and the President’s Committee on Relief Work in the Mississippi Valley Flood Disaster of 1927, Washington, 1929.
14 Sur la politique sociale de F. D. Roosevelt, voir Alan Brinkley, The End of Reform. New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1995 ; Gareth Davies et Martha Derthick, « Racc and Social Welfare Policy : The Social Security Act of 1935 », Political Science Quarterly, vol. 112, n o 2, été 1997, p. 217-235, ici p. 219.
15 Thomas R. Forrest, Hurricane, Betsy, 1965. A Selective Analysis of Organizational Response in The New Orleans Area, Columbus, Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University, 1979, p. 16.
16 US Congress, House of Representatives, Hurricane Betsy Disaster of September 1965. Hearings before the Special Subcommittee to Investigate Areas of Destruction of Hurricane Betsy of the Committee on Public Works House of Representatives, Washington, Government Printing Ofice, 1965.
17 US Congress, House of Representatives, Hurricane Betsy Disaster of September 1965, op. cit., Pour conduire son enquête, Forrest Thomas a rencontré 147 responsables locaux et nationaux impliqués dans le processus de sauvetage.
18 Sur l’ouragan Camille, voir Stefan Bechtel, Roar of the Heavens. Surviving Hurricane Camille, New York, Citadel Books, 2006 ; Philip D. Hearn, Hurricane Camille. Monster Storm of the Gulf Coast, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 2004 ; Ernest Zebrowski et Judith A. Howard, Category 5. The Story of Camille ; Lessons Unlearned from America’s Most Violent Hurricane, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2005.
19 Executive Ofice of the President, Ofice of Emergency Preparedness, A Year of Rebuilding. The Federal Response to Hurricane Camille, Washington, août 1970.
20 Jill Quadagno, The Color of Welfare. How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994 ; Michael K. Brown, Race, Money and the American Welfare State, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1999.
21 Adam Fairclough, Race & Democracy. The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972, Athens, University of Georgia Press, 1999.
22 Sur ce point, voir Andrew Morris, « Camille and the Politics of Federal Disaster Relief, 1965-1970 », Policy History Conference, Columbus, 3-6 juin 2010. Texte non publié, en possession de l’auteur.
23 The American Insurance Association, Studies of Floods and Flood Damage, 1952-1955, New York, American Insurance Association, 1956.
24 US Senate, Committee on Banking and Currency, Insurance and Other Programs for Financial Assistance to Flood Victims. A Report from the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development to the President, as Required by the Southeast Hurricane Disaster Relief Act of 1965, Public Law 89-339, 89 th Congress, H. R. 11539, November 8, 1965, Committee on Banking and Currency, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1966.
25 A. Morris, « Hurricane Camille… », op. cit., p. 35.
26 Voir Eric Arnesen, Waterfront Workers of New Orleans. Race, Class, and Politics, 1863-1923, Champaign, University of Illinois Press, 1994.
27 Brian Balogh, Chain Reaction. Expert Debate and Public Participation in American Commercial Nuclear Power, 1945-1975, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
28 Voir Marie Salwa, L’ouragan Betsy. Perspectives de recherche, Mémoire de Master, EHESS, 2001. Nous la remercions également d’avoir mis à notre disposition les archives qu’elle a consultées dans le cadre de son travail de thèse.