A

Accords sur l’eau, 29, 45, 143, 144, 145, 157, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 189, 193, 201, 206
– bilatéraux, 11, 24, 163, 169, 196, 207, 211, 212

Acteurs (de la négociation), 11, 12, 19, 23, 24, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 46, 48, 54, 109, 131, 142, 156, 190, 191, 194, 195, 205, 207, 209, 213

Adams, R., 15

Adhaim, 13, 66

Akkad, 15

Aqueducs souterrains (kanat), 17

Axelrod, R., 48

Ayoob, M., 53

B

Babylone, 15, 16

Bacharach, S., 41, 42

Bachrach, P., 44, 45

Balikh, 13, 65, 86, 87, 93, 123, 125, 126, 179, 182, 207

Banque mondiale, 30, 74, 101, 117, 170, 199, 200

Baratz, M., 44, 45

Barrages, 16, 17, 50, 62, 82, 83, 98, 119, 120, 121, 152, 154, 199
– sur l’Euphrate, 10, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 94, 102, 111, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 180, 183, 186, 187, 192, 197, 200, 209
– sur l’Oronte, 72
– sur le Tigre, 10, 16, 17, 88, 93, 109, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 128, 180, 184, 186, 199, 202, 206
– sur le Yarmouk (Al-Wahdah), 73, 201

Bartos, O., 30, 31

Bellenger, L., 25, 26, 50

Besoins hydrauliques, 24, 165, 167, 177, 210

Birecik, 13, 173, 183, 186, 197

Boisson de Chazournes, L., 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154

Brynen, R., 52

Buzan, B., 49, 52, 53, 54, 62, 77, 195

C

Callières, F. de, 24

Chatt-el-Arab, 13, 142, 146

Cizre, 13

Commission de droit international, 147, 150, 155, 162, 173, 177, 179, 181, 182, 183

Commission mondiale des barrages, 30, 198

Conflit, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 31, 35, 38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 137, 139, 140, 179, 186, 190, 194, 197, 212, 212
– contrôle, 28
– identité, 54, 196
– intérêts, 11, 13, 29, 30, 31, 44, 213
– israélo-arabe (voir aussi Négociation), 208
– règlement, 28
– résolution, 13, 28, 36, 39, 46
– violent, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 213

Contentieux territoriaux, 133, 136
– Alexandrette/Hatay, 134, 135, 136, 203
– Mossoul, 133, 141

Conventions entre riverains, 143, 144, 147, 174, 179

Coopération, 10, 12, 19, 28, 30, 33, 35, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 58, 118, 131, 138, 140, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 156, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 176, 186, 188, 190, 191, 200, 201, 202, 208, 209, 212, 213

CESAE (ESCWA), 30, 63, 105

Convention des Nations unies (1997), 145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 174, 181, 184, 187, 189, 211

Crises du processus, 163, 165, 194, 211
– Irak/Syrie (1974), 58, 140, 164, 167
– Syrie/Turquie (1990), 58, 164, 170, 197
– Turquie/Syrie (1998), 58, 164, 197

Croissance démographique, 50, 56, 57, 62, 74, 76, 94, 102, 103

Crozier, M., 42

D

Dahl, R., 41, 42, 43

Demande en eau, 18, 50, 56, 61, 62, 75, 76, 93, 94, 95, 102, 103, 104, 105, 189, 210
– gestion de la demande en eau, 63, 103, 105, 106

Dépendance (eaux), 9, 13, 23, 24, 45, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 76, 95, 102, 106, 107, 126, 127, 190, 202, 206, 210

Développement soutenable, 63, 103, 148, 153, 179, 199

Disponibilité (eau) /habitant/année, 18, 50, 68, 73, 74, 75, 106

Deudney, D., 53

Dilemme, 23, 52, 54, 81, 96, 97, 109, 116
– du prisonnier, 48
– structurel, 23, 45

Diyala, 13, 16

Druckman, D., 26, 36

Dupont, C., 26, 27, 30, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 48

E

Eaux, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
– surface, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 86, 89, 93, 95, 98, 104, 106, 145, 146, 148, 153, 155
– souterraines, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 86, 87, 88, 97, 98, 104, 106, 124, 145, 153, 155

Emboîtement (effet d’), 24, 29, 38, 40, 47, 48, 49, 191, 192, 194, 195, 198, 202
– issue-linkage (voir aussi Stratégie), 19, 35, 48

Enjeux, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 61, 62, 66, 72, 78, 79, 81, 83, 85, 94, 97, 98, 107, 109, 121, 137, 167, 192, 193, 194, 197, 207, 211, 213
– hydrauliques, 11, 19, 62, 195, 202, 212
– de la négociation, 18, 19, 72, 131, 175, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213

Euphrate
– bassin, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 29, 50, 61, 63, 66, 69, 72, 80, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 94, 105, 106, 110, 126, 157, 165, 166, 167, 177, 178, 181, 190
– fleuve, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 31, 32, 48, 50, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 77, 83, 84, 88, 93, 94, 95, 100, 102, 104, 106, 107, 110, 111, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 138, 140, 143, 144, 145, 145, 156, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 181, 184, 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197, 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213

F

Faure, G. O., 25, 30, 36

Friedberg, E., 42

G

Gabcikovo-Nagymaros (Affaire du), 147, 154, 155

Golan (Plateau), 71, 72, 73, 193, 202, 203

Golfe arabo-persique, 13, 15

Guetzkow, H., 34, 36

Güner, C., 136, 194, 195, 197

Güneydogu Anadolu Projesi (GAP), 10, 13, 23, 24, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128, 155, 163, 169, 179, 181, 183, 184, 190, 192, 193, 194, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 207, 209

Guzzini, S., 44

H

Haftendorn, H., 46

Hammourabi (code), 16

Homer-Dixon, T., 53, 55, 56, 57, 196

I

Ibn Khaldoun, A., 25

Inde, 47, 152, 157, 199

Intérêts (voir Conflit, Sécurité), 11, 13, 17, 18
– instrumentaux, 40, 207
– intrinsèques, 40

Irak (voir sous-catégories), 10, 12, 13, 16, 19

Irrigation (voir aussi Surfaces irriguées), 15, 50, 63
– Abbassides, 16
– Achéménides, 16
– Irak, 127, 179, 189
– Syrie, 73, 75, 76, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 103, 104, 105, 109, 125, 126, 127, 144, 168, 174, 181, 189, 207, 209, 210
– Turquie, 114, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 179, 189, 201, 207, 209

Israël, 71, 73, 137, 140, 152, 192, 193, 201, 202, 203, 206

J

Jordanie, 72, 73, 75, 158, 201

Jéricho, 15

Jourdain, 14, 19, 46, 50, 56, 72, 73, 193, 201, 202, 203

K

Karkemish, 13

Khabour, 13, 65, 69, 72, 73, 80, 87, 88, 89, 93, 93, 94, 95, 106, 123, 124, 125, 126

Kibaroglu, A., 118, 157, 188, 208

Korany, B., 53

Krause, K., 43, 44, 52, 53

Kremenyuk, V., 26, 27, 31, 46, 48, 62

Kurdes, 19
– Irak, 141, 142, 206, 208
– PKK, 115, 141, 161, 192, 195, 196, 197, 198, 206
– Syrie, 138, 141, 162, 197, 201, 206, 207, 209
– Turquie, 109, 114, 115, 117, 119, 195, 196, 197, 206, 209

L

Lagash, 16

Lawler, E., 41, 42

Lax, D., 25, 26, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 44, 190, 191, 193

Lukes, S., 42, 44, 45

Luterbacher, U., 37, 41, 43, 45, 54

M

Machrek, 15

Mastenbroek, W., 27, 37, 38

McGinnis, M., 48

Mc Kersie, R., 26, 35, 36, 37, 42

Musashi, M., 25

N

Naff, Th., 103

Nash, J., 31

Négociation, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19
– crises, 163, 191, 211
– définition, 25
– descriptive, 26
– distributive (win-lose), 35, 37
– éléments fondamentaux, 31
– environnementale, 28, 62
– fonction, 26, 27, 51
– nature, 19, 28
– intégrative (win-win), 35, 36, 37, 208
– interaction sociale, 25
– internationale, 12, 51, 52
– modélisation, 12, 30, 33, 34, 35
– paix avec Israël, 193, 202
– prescriptive, 26, 40
– psychologie (sociale), 26, 36, 37
– sessions entre riverains, 19, 35, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 172, 173, 177, 185, 186, 190, 197
– théories, 11, 26, 27, 35, 40, 41, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52, 138

Népal, 47

Noble, P., 52

O

Offre de l’eau, 18, 50, 56, 71, 74, 84, 93, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107
– gestion de l’offre de l’eau, 63, 103

Optimisation (techniques d’), 83, 104

Oronte, 69, 72, 73, 83, 100, 136, 144, 176, 177, 193, 202, 203

P

Pénurie (seuil de), 9, 13, 24, 50, 51, 119

Politiques de l’eau, 23, 24, 29, 61, 209, 210
– Irak, 126
– Syrie, 39, 54, 62, 77, 82, 100, 103, 106, 107
– Turquie, 114

Pollution, 29, 56, 58, 105, 116, 121, 123, 124, 148, 153, 155, 183, 188, 207

Pouvoir
– asymétrie, 23, 24, 29, 33, 35, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 191, 205, 206, 212
– définition, 10, 19, 42, 43, 44
– de marchandage (bargaining power), 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 118, 136, 142, 190, 191, 211
– éléments constitutifs, 18, 30, 44
– nature, 41
– structurel, 44, 45, 161, 190, 191, 206, 21
– sources, 40, 41, 43, 45, 191, 193

Principes (droit), 131, 142, 143, 144, 145, 145, 146, 148, 177, 211
– obligation de ne pas causer un dommage, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 161, 164, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 200, 211
– utilisation équitable et raisonnable, 145, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 161, 164, 176, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 200, 211

Processus
– de marchandage (bargaining process), 28, 100, 138, 196
– négociation, 10, 11, 12, 17, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 43, 48, 49, 78, 131, 140, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 169, 172, 186, 190, 192, 193, 202, 208, 211, 212

Putnam, R., 37

Q

Qualité
– eau (sel, pollution), 29, 87, 94, 119, 121, 183, 186, 189, 194, 209, 210
– sols (sel, gypse), 76, 85, 87, 88, 94, 126, 176, 178, 189, 210

Quantité (eaux), 29, 68, 71, 73, 75, 87, 98, 99, 105, 143, 155, 157, 168, 169, 171, 183, 202, 207

R

Raréfaction
– environnementale, 55, 56, 57, 58
– hydraulique, 29, 51, 54, 56, 189

Ressources hydrauliques, 9, 15, 18, 211
(voir aussi Eaux),

Rio Grande, 148

Riverain en amont, 12, 24, 38, 45, 50, 140, 157, 161, 173, 176, 179, 181, 182, 187, 189, 191, 206

Riverain en aval, 10, 12, 18, 38, 44, 48, 128, 176, 180, 181, 184, 190, 191, 209, 210, 211

Romm, J., 53, 54

Rubin, J., 23, 26, 27, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 54

Rubinstein, A., 44, 209

S

Salacuse, J., 43, 47

Salinisation, 62
– eaux, 87, 183
– sols, 16, 87, 88, 104

Sawyer, J., 34, 36

Sebenius, J., 25, 26, 31, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 44, 190, 191, 194

Sécurité, 10, 23, 24, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 77, 109, 128, 135, 140, 147, 152, 192, 193, 195, 197, 199, 206, 207, 211
– alimentaire, 40, 47, 48, 54, 61, 63, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 106, 126, 194, 210
– des frontières, 45, 48, 54, 114, 194
– environnementale, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 212
– hydraulique, 18, 24, 40, 47, 48, 51, 54, 61, 78, 79, 131, 186, 194, 197, 203, 209, 210, 212
– intérêts sécuritaires, 13, 18
– nationale, 10, 11, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 61, 78, 202, 211
– sociétale, 45, 54, 109, 114, 194, 195, 206

Schelling, T., 30, 41, 55

Sjöstedt, G., 28, 36, 37

Spector, B., 28, 36, 37, 39, 52, 58

Stratégie, 13, 14, 17, 19, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 47, 48, 49, 103, 137, 138, 140, 164, 177, 191, 201, 203, 209
– de marchandage (bargaining), 39, 190
– de pouvoir (linkage), 24, 35, 48, 55, 190, 191, 192, 194, 201, 205, 206,211, 212

Stress hydraulique, 18, 29, 39, 51, 58, 74, 75, 76, 211, 212

Sumer, 15, 16

Surfaces irriguées, 9
– Syrie, 81, 86, 87, 89, 94, 104
– Turquie, 111, 125

Syrie (voir aussi sous-catégories), 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

T

Thalweg, 146

Tigre, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 32, 48, 50, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 80, 88, 93, 94, 100, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 116, 120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 143, 144, 145, 156, 157, 161, 162, 165, 167, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184, 186, 188, 190, 194, 205, 206, 207, 212, 213

Turquie (voir aussi sous-catégories), 10, 12, 13, 18, 19

U

Umma, 16

Urbanisation, 18

Ury, W., 26, 39, 40, 43

V

Variables, 13, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 58, 61, 131, 205, 212
– de contrainte, 18, 31, 37, 61, 106, 109, 131
– endogènes (internes), 18, 31, 61, 106
– exogènes (externes), 18, 39, 109

W

Walton, R., 26, 35, 36, 37, 42,

Waterbury, J., 46, 99

Wittfogel, K., 15, 96

Y

Yarmouk (voir aussi Barrages), 69, 71, 72, 73, 80, 100, 201, 203

Z

Zab (Grand et Petit), 13, 65

Zartman, I., 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 58