1Figure 1: Cast of “Lucy” at the National Museum of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa-Ethiopia) (R. Botev, Lucy (Australopithecus) National Museum of Ethiopia, 2012).

2Figure 2: Michael Gervers, Mika’el-Gabrǝ’el Church, Säqota, Wällo. Photograph. Collection of Michael Gervers host at the University of Toronto: Mazgabe Seelat, 1993.

3Figure 3: Stanilas Chojnacki, Female saints by Brancaleon. Photograph. Collection of Paul B. Henze. University of Toronto: Mazgabe Seelat, unkown date.

4Figure 4: Walättä P̣eṭros discusses with Emperor Susǝnyos. Fol. 147v. of the manuscript Mscr.Dresd.Eb.415.e,2 (Reproduced by permission of Die Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden).

5Figure 5: Silvia Bruzzi, Sitti ‘Alawiyya Mosque in Harar. Photograph. Personal collection, 2009.

6Figure 6: Sitti ‘Alawiyya’s portrait (unknown photographer). Photograph. Piola Caselli Private Archive. Rome, around 1930.

7Figure 7: Laurent Lafuma, A Mo’aata woman and Oromo riders in Qaalluu’s shrine. Photograph. The Voice of Mourning film collection, 2004.

8Figure 8: Laurent Lafuma, Shaalo Magarsa, the female-male leader of the Mo’aata. Photograph. The Voice of Mourning film collection, 2004.

9Figure 9: The seal of Ṭaytu. “Seal of Queen of T· aytu.” Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies. Collection Boucoiran n. 21 (reproduced from Tornay and Sohier [2007, 83]).

10Figure 10: A depiction of royal government. Portraits of lyasu and Walatta Giyorgis. Miniature from The Acts of St Georges (ገድለ ጊዮርጊስ). London, British Library Orient. 715 f. 134a.

11Figure 11: Margaux Herman, Qwǝsqwam Palace in Gondär. Photograph. Personal collection, May 2008.

12Figure 12: Marta Mebratu. Photograph. Tanash Ityopyawit, Yakatit 1965 E.C (February 1973). Reproduced from Bahru Zewde (2014, 167).

13Figure 13: Pro Därg Official, International Women’s Day rally, 1978. Photograph, Personal collection of Hubert Tabutiaux, 1978.

14Figure 14: Cover of a booklet used by the Därg and the Revolutionary Ethiopian Women’s Association, 1984. Photograph. Ish Personal Propaganda war collection.

15Figure 15: EPRP Ethiopian Women demonstration in 1976 (Goh Magazine). Reproduced from Abyot. The Lost Revolution (online blog): https://web.archive.org/web/20230216192021/http:// abyotawi.blogspot.com/.

16Figure 16: The transitional government of Ethiopia. Source: “National Policy on Ethiopian Women” (1993, 23).

17Figure 17: Kebedech Seyoum, a female patriot, c. 1935. Reproduced from Aregawi Berhe, “Revisiting Resistance in Italian-occupied Ethiopia: The Patriots’ Movement (1936–1941) and the Redefinition of Post-war Ethiopia,” in Abbink et al. (2003, 99).

18Figure 18: Derese Ayenachew, Decorated pottery from a Tumulus in Mänz. Photograph. Personal collection, 1999.

19Figure 19: Spinning in a modern painting.

20Figure 20: King Śahlä Śǝllase wearing a homemade gabi. Author: Émile Lassale, in Pétridès (1963).

21Figure 21: Handicraft Centers during the 19th century in Šäwa. Reproduced from Chalachew Yegne (2013, 36).

22Figure 22: Gender Wage Differential at the Bahr Dar Textile Factory. Source: Admasie (2018, 219).

23Figure 23: Constance Perrin-Joly, Family Photo in Addis Ababa. Photograph. Personal collection, 2017.

24Figure 24: Habtamu M. Tegegne, A folio from the Mota register (Yärest Mäzgäb, #4089). Photograph. Personal collection.

25Figure 25: Les Missions Catholiques, The Franciscan Sisters of Lafto and their students. Photograph. File M/D 8, Bibliothèque des Capucins, Paris, 1907.

26Figure 26: Ministry of Information, ትምህርት በኢትዮጵያ (Education in Ethiopia). Photograph. Ministry of Information, Addis-Ababa, 1968.

27Figure 27: Hitomi Kinue (left) and Lina Radke (right) run the 800 m at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam. Photograph. Unknown author, August 2, 1928.

28Figure 28: When Tsigie received awards from Ato Yednäqachäw Tasämma.

29Figure 29: When Tsigie received awards from Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase, 1960s.

30Figure 30: Diploma from Institute of Deutsche Hochschulefür Korpekultur. Photograph. Tsigie G/Mesih Personal Collection.

31Figure 31: Tsigie G/Mesih, Diploma of “Women and Sport achievement” from IOC 2002. Photograph. Tsigie G/Mesih Personal Collection.

32Figure 32: L. Naretti, Sifilicomio di Asmara. Albumina, cm 28×20,5. 1887–1900.

33Figure 33: “Ufficio Postale.” Popular Postcard in Italia 1930s. Enrico de Seta. Serie Africa Orientale.

34Figure 33: “Al Mercato.” Popular Postcard in Italia 1930s. Enrico de Seta. Serie Africa Orientale.