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    Plan

    Plan détaillé Texte intégral Archives Source works Printed sources Textbooks and teaching aids Statistics Press Interviews Notes de bas de page

    Educating the Nation in Ethiopia

    Ce livre est recensé par

    Précédent Suivant
    Table des matières

    Sources

    p. 333-343

    Texte intégral Archives National Archives and Library of Ethiopia (NALE) Wolaita Zone Education Office (WZEO) Ligaba Beyene School Archive Administration of the canton of Soddo (Soddo Zurya Wäräda) Catholic Vicariate of Soddo Source works Printed sources Ministry of Education and Fine Arts (MOEFA), 1941–74 Ministry of Education (MOE), 1974–91 Ministry of Information (MOI) Ministry of Culture (MOC) Ministry of Justice (MOJ) Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia (PMGE) Popular Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) Textbooks and teaching aids In Amharic In English Literacy and adult education manuals Reading books / moral treatises / literary and historical works on the syllabus Statistics Central Statistical Office (CSO) Central Statistic Authority (CSA) Unesco World Bank Press Berhanenna Selam Addis Zemen Yezareitu Ethiopia Ethiopian Review Ethiopia Observer Meskerem YeMemehran Dems (The Voice of the Teachers) Interviews Wolaita Lalibela, Lasta Addis Ababa Notes de bas de page

    Texte intégral

    “EC” stands for the Ethiopian Calendar which is based on the Coptic and Julian calendars. Depending on the month of the year, the Gregorian calendar is seven to eight years longer than the Ethiopian calendar. The first month of the Ethiopian year corresponds to September in the Western year.

    Archives

    National Archives and Library of Ethiopia (NALE)

    Merse-Hazen Wolde-Kirkos Fund 18.06 ተፈሪ መኰንን ትምህርት ቤት (Tefari Mekonnen School).

    Wolaita Zone Education Office (WZEO)

    በ1970 EC የትምህርት ዘመን በየአውራጃው በምንግስት በሚስዮን በሕዝብ በቤተክህነት አንደኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤቶች የተማሪዎች ብዛት (Number of pupils in government primary schools, Missionary, Community and Ethiopian National Church primary schools in each awraja, school year 1977–78).

    ከ1967 EC እስከ 1975 EC ድረስ በወላይታ አውራጃ የተማሪዎች ብዛት (Number of pupils in the Wolaita awraja from 1974–75 to 1982–83).

    የትምህርት ተቋማት ዝርዝር ፣ መቼ እንደተሠሩ የሚግልጽ መረጃ 2003 EC (Establishment list of schools and dates of their construction 2010).

    Ligaba Beyene School Archive

    ብሕራዊ ፈተና ሮስተር 8ኛ ክፍል 1971 EC (List of grade 8 national examinations, 1978–79).

    ብሕራዊ ፈተና ሮስተር 8ኛ ክፍል 1978 EC (List of grade 8 national examinations, 1985–86).

    Administration of the canton of Soddo (Soddo Zurya Wäräda)

    የወላይታ አውራጃ የትምህርት ስታትስቲክስ ማጠቃላይ ጥራዝ 1982 EC (Wolaita awraja school statistics, 1989–90).

    የግማሽ ዓመት ሪፖርት ከ01.11.73 EC-30.04.74 EC (Half-yearly report, 8 July 1981 to 8 January 1981).

    Catholic Vicariate of Soddo

    Details of Schools Under Soddo-Hosanna Catholic Church Diocese; http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsodd.html, accessed 13/07/2017 [archive].

    Source works

    Abraham Babanto. 1974 EC. ጥንታዊት ዎላይታ እና ዘመናዊት ዎላይታ (Ancient Wolaita and Contemporary Wolaita).

    Bogalä Walälu. 1964. (1956 EC). የወላሞ ሕዝብ ታሪክና ባርነትም እንዴት እንደተወገደ (History of the Wolamo People and how Slavery was Eradicated). Addis Ababa: Berhanenna Selam Printing Press.

    Emmanuel Abraham. 1995. Reminiscences of my Life. Oslo: Lunde forlag.

    Gebre Hiwot Baykedagn. 1953 EC (1916 EC). ምንግስትና የሕዝብ አስተዳደር (The Administration of the State and the People). Addis Ababa: Berhannena Selam.

    Germachaw Tekle Hawariat. 1941 EC [1948]. አርአያ. Addis Ababa: Berhannenna Selam.

    Kebede Mikael. 1946. ጃፓን እንዴት ሰለጠነች (How Japan Modernized. Addis Ababa: Berhannenna Selam Printing Press.

    Kebede Mikael. 2008 [1958]. የሥልጣኔ አየር (The Breath of Civilization. Addis Ababa: Aynalam Editor.

    Kebede Mikael. 1999 EC [1st edition 1950]. ታላላቅ ሰዎች (Great Men). Addis Ababa: Mega Printing Press.

    Rebeaud Henri. 1934. Chez le Roi des Rois d’Éthiopie. Paris: Victor Attinger.

    Tekle Tsadik Mekuria. 1959 [1951 EC]. የሰው ጠባይና አብሮ የመኖር ዘዴ (Human Behaviour and the Art of Living Together). Addis Ababa: Berhannenna Selam.

    Vanderheym J.G. 1896. Une expédition avec le Negous (vingt mois en Abyssinie). Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie.

    Wanna Wagesho. 2003. የወላይታ ሕዝብ ታሪክ (History of the Wolaita People). Addis Ababa: Berhanenna Selam Printing Press

    Zervos Adrien. 1935. L’Empire d’Éthiopie : le miroir de l’Éthiopie moderne 1906–1935. Addis Ababa: École professionnelle des frères.

    Printed sources

    Ministry of Education and Fine Arts (MOEFA), 1941–74

    7th and 8th grade Curriculum. 1950 (1943 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Ato Belleteu G. Tsadik, and William L. Wrinckle. 1955. The Controlled Expansion of Ethiopian Education—A Special Report to the Long-Term Planning Committee. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Basic Recommendations for the Reorganisation and Development of Education in Ethiopia—The First Report of the Long-Term Planning Committee for Ethiopian Education. 1954. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Book Order Estimate. 1948 (1941 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Curriculum for Ethiopian Schools Years 1–8. 1947. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Curriculum Policies and Standards. Teachers Training Institutes. 1965. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Division of Secondary Education and Fine Arts.

    Elementary School Curriculum Years I-VI, Third Edition. 1970. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Division of Curriculum and Teaching Material.

    Elementary School Curriculum Years I-VIII. 1958. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Elementary, Secondary and Teacher Education Projects Based on the Report of Unesco. 1963. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Foreword to the Educational Plan for The third Five Year Planning Period. 1963. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    General Information on Educational Policy, Legislation, and Administration. 1968. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Department of Programme, Planning, and Research.

    Government, Mission, Private, Community and Church Schools 1959–60. 1961. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    List of Books and Equipments for Academic Secondary Schools. 1960. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Report on Educational Developments in Ethiopia, 1973–74 and 1974–75 (Prepared for the 35th session of the International Conference on Education, Geneva). 1975. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Report on the Current Operation of the Education System in Ethiopia. 1966. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Teach Corps Ethiopia 1971. Action Program for Secondary Teachers Summer Program for Primary School Directors and Supervisors. 1971. Washington D.C: USAID; Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Teacher Education in Ethiopia. 1965. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Department of Teacher Education.

    Textbooks Production Program, 1956–1960. 1960. Addis Ababa: Cooperative Education Press.

    The General Secondary School Curriculum, Book I, Second Edition. 1967. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Division of Curriculum and Teaching Material.

    A Ten Year Plan for the Controlled Expansion of Education in Ethiopia, suggestions prepared by the Long Range Planning Committee attached to the Imperial Government of Ethiopia. 1955. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Ministry of Education (MOE), 1974–91

    An Outline of the Social Sciences Syllabi. 1984. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education, Curriculum Department.

    Basic Information on Education in Ethiopia. July 1977. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education, Planning Services.

    Every Ethiopian Will be Able to Read and Write Forever. 1981. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education, Literacy Campaign Coordinating Committee.

    Last, Geoffrey. 1984. Education in Socialist Ethiopia: Origins, Reorientation, Strategy for Future Development. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Evaluative Research of the General Education System in Ethiopia: A Quality Study (ERGESE). 1986. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Gender Analysis of Primary School Textbooks. 1989. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    General Objectives for Ethiopian Education. 1980. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Information Paper on the Education System in Ethiopia. 1982. Addis Ababa: Planning Services.

    Report on Educational Developments in Ethiopia, 1978–81 (Prepared for the 38th session of the International Conference on Education, Geneva). 1981. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    The Ethiopian School Syllabuses. 1984. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education, Curriculum Department.

    Ministry of Information (MOI)

    Education in Ethiopia. 1964. Addis Ababa: Patterns of Progress.

    ትምህርት በኢትዮጵያ (Education in Ethiopia). 1968 (1960 EC). Addis Ababa: Commercial Printing Press.

    Ethiopia in Revolution. 1977. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Revolution Information Center.

    Ethiopia Today: Education. 1973. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Information.

    Ministry of Culture (MOC)

    Songs of the Ethiopian Revolution. 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Culture.

    Ministry of Justice (MOJ)

    Case no. 1035/64,—Trial on appeal of those who took part in the “Campaign to eradicate thieves,” 3 May 1972.

    Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia (PMGE)

    የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ መዝሙር 1971 EC (National Anthem of Ethiopia 1977).

    Ten-Year Perspective Plan 1984/85–1993/94. September 1984. Addis Ababa: Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia.

    Popular Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE)

    “Constitution of the People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.” Negarit Gazeta, Proclamation No. 1 of 1987, Addis Ababa, 12 September 1987. https://www.ethiopianembassy.be/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-of-the-FDRE.pdf [archive].

    Textbooks and teaching aids

    In Amharic

    ታሪክ 7 ኛ ክፍል (History, grade 7). 1979 (1972 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    ታሪክ 8 ኛ ክፍል (History, grade 8).1980 (1973 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    ኢትዮጲያ የታሪክ መነሻ (Historical Atlas of Ethiopia). 1990 (1983 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የኅብረተሰብትምህርት 4ኛ ክፍል (Humanities and Social Sciences, grade 4). 1979 (1972 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የኅብረተሰብትምህርት5ኛ ክፍል (Humanities and Social Sciences, grade 5). 1979 (1972 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የአማርኛ መማሪያ 11ኛ ክፍል (Amharic Manual, Grade 11). 1977 (1969 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የአማርኛ መማሪያ 6ኛ ክፍል (Amharic Manual, Grade 6). 1976 (1968 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የአማርኛ መማሪያ 8ኛ ክፍል (Amharic Manual, Grade 8). 1976 (1968 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የአማርኛ መማሪያ 6ኛ ክፍል (Amharic Grade 6 Manual). 1971 (1964 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    የኢትዮጵያ ጥንት ታሪክ ፤ ፬ኛ ክፍል (Ancient History of Ethiopia, grade 4). 1970. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    የፖሊቲካ ትምህርት 6ኛ ክፍል (Political education, grade 6). 1981 [1977]. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የፖሊቲካ ትምህርት 7ኛ ክፍል (Political education, grade 7). 1976. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    In English

    A Modern History for Ethiopia, Grades 6–12. 1952. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Geography Grade 10. 1981. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Geography Grade 12. 1981. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Geography Grade 7. 1980. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Geography notes for Secondary Schools. 1966. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    History & Civics For Young Ethiopians, Book 2, Grade 8. 1974. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    History For Young Ethiopians, Book 4, Grade 10. 1974. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    History for Young Ethiopians, Grade 7. 1970. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    History Grade 10. 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    History Grade 11. 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    History Grade 12. 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Horniblow, E.C.T., and J.J. Sullivan. 1953. The March of Time, Book IV. Makers of Our Modern World. London: The Grant Educational Co.

    Intelligent Exercises. History (World and Ethiopia) For Senior Secondary Schools, 8, MAS Cooperative Society, Addis Ababa (date not given, may date from 1960s).

    Political Education Grade 12 (Part one).1984. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Teaching notes: History for Young Ethiopians Grade 7 & Civics for Grade 8. 1967. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Teaching notes, History of Ethiopia, Grades 9–12. 1967. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    The Oxford Secondary English Course, Ethiopia, Contact 1, Pupil’s Book for Grade 9. 1972 [1970]. Addis Ababa: Oxford University Press

    The World of Man Part 1, Geography for Grade 9. 1974 [1970]. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    The World We Live In Book 3, First Series, The New World Wide Geographies. 1960 [1948]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Literacy and adult education manuals

    ሙያ ነክ ምንባብ ፥ ፫ ፥ የጎልማሶች ትምህርት ፥ መሠረተ ትምህርት (Skills Reading Book, Book 3. Adult Basic Education). 1983 (1975 E.C). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የኅብረት ሥራ ማኅበር ትምህርት ፥ ሁለተኛ መጽሐፍ ፥ የጎልማሶች ትምህርት ፥ መሠረተ ትምህርት (Worker Cooperatives, Book 2. Adult Basic Education). 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    የኅብረት ሥራ ማኅበር ትምህርት ፥ ሁለተኛ መጽሐፍ (Worker cooperatives, book 2. Adult basic education). 1979. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.

    Reading books / moral treatises / literary and historical works on the syllabus

    Em Daniel, ትምህርቴ የዓይኔ ብርሃን መስታወቴ (My school education: the light in my eyes). 1957 (1950 EC). Addis Ababa: Commercial Printing Press.

    Germachaw Tekle Hawariyat, አርአያ (Model1). 1948 (1941 EC). Addis Ababa: Berhannenna Selam .

    Kebede Mikaél, ጣላላቅ ሰዎች (Great Men). 2008 [1950]. Addis Ababa: Mega.

    Tekle Tsadik Mekuriya, የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ከዐፄ ልብነ ድንግል እስከ ዐፄ ቴዎሮስ (History of Ethiopia from Emperor Lebnä Dengel to Emperor Téwodros) (4th edition). 1964: Addis Ababa.

    Tekle Tsadik Mekuriya, የሰው ጠባይና አብሮ የመኖር ዘዴ (Human nature and the art of living together). 1959 (1951 EC). Addis Ababa: Berhannenna Selam.

    ታሪክና ምሳሌ ፩ኛ መጽሐፍ (Tarikenna Messale [Stories and Fables], Book 1). 1941 (1934 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    ታሪክና ምሳሌ ፫ኛ መጽሐፍ (Stories and Fables [Tarikenna Messale], Book 3). 1942 (1935 EC). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education and Fine Arts.

    Statistics

    Central Statistical Office (CSO)

    Basic Education Statistics. 1988. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Office.

    Ethiopia Statistical Abstract. 1965, 1972, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1992. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Office.

    Statistical Census on Schooling. 1984. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Office.

    Central Statistic Authority (CSA)

    Statistical Report on Education and Economic Activity, The population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results from the southern Nations,’ Nationalities’ and Peoples’ Regional State. 1995. Addis Ababa: Central Statistic Authority.

    Unesco

    Ethiopia: Education and Training Projects for Self-reliance. 1985. Paris: Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000089635.

    Ethiopia. Work-Oriented Adult Literacy Pilot Project. 1975. Paris: Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000012764.

    The Use of Vernacular Languages in Education. 1953. Paris: Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002897.

    World Bank

    Education in Ethiopia: Strenghtening the Foundation For Sustainable Progress. 2004. Washington, DC: The World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7434.

    Press

    These press sources can be found at the Institute of Ethiopian Studies (IES), the National Archives and Library of Ethiopia (NALE) and the Centre Français des Études Éthiopiennes (CFEE) in Addis Ababa.

    Berhanenna Selam

    7 May 1925, “ልዑል የኢትዮጵያ ምንግሥት አልጋ ወራሽ ተፈሪ መኰንን ለኢትዮጵያ ይህን ተማሪ ቤት በገንዘባቸው ሠርተው በረከት ሲያቀርቡ ከዚህ ቀጥሎ ያለውን በጉባኤ ተናገሩ” (“Speech delivered on 2 May 1925 by His Imperial Highness Teferi Makonnen, Heir of Ethiopia and Regent of the Empire, at the ceremony for the solemn handover to the Ethiopian Nation of the School which She had built at Her own expense”).

    15 May 1925, “ልዑል የኢትዮጵያ ምንግሥት አልጋ ወራሽ ተፈሪ መኰንን ያቆሙት ተማሪ ቤት በተመረቀ ጊዜ ሐኪም ወርቅነህ የተማሪ ቤቱ ቩም የሚከተለውን ቃል ተናገሩ” (“Speech given by Doctor Workneh, Intendant of the school founded by His Highness the Regent Tefari Mekonnen, on the day of the graduation ceremony”).

    26 May 1927, “ልዑል ዱክ ዴዝ አብሩዝ። የደግማዊ ምኒልክ ተማሪ ቤት እንደጐበኙ” (“Visit by His Majesty the Duke of Abruzzo to the Menilek II School”).

    3 August 1933, “የዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ተማሪ ቤት ዲሬክተር ሙሴ ጆርጂም የሚከተለውን ዲስኩር አነበቡ” (“Speech read by Mr Georgi, headmaster of Menilek II School”).

    Addis Zemen

    31 May 1985, “ቦጋለ ዋለሉ 1902–1958” (“Bogale Wallelu, 1907–1965”).

    Yezareitu Ethiopia

    12 March 1989, “በደቡብ ኢትዮጵያ የትምህርት ጀግና” (“The hero of education in southern Ethiopia”).

    Ethiopian Review

    March 1945, vol. I, no. 8.

    July/August 1945 vol.2, no. 1.

    December 1946/January/February 1947, vol. 3, no. 5.

    Ethiopia Observer

    Point IV Program, 1959, “Point IV: Its Concept and Development.” Ethiopia Observer, February 1959, p. 3–9.

    Meskerem

    No. 6, September 1981.

    No. 35, September 1988.

    YeMemehran Dems (The Voice of the Teachers)

    Vol. 3, no. 2, August 1987.

    Vol. 4, no. 1, July 1988.

    Interviews

    Wolaita

    Abebe Fola, teacher. Soddo, 13 December 2009 and 2 November 2010. In English.

    Abba Gino, Capuchin missionary. Soddo, 12 December 2009. In English.

    Abba Wolde-Yesus Wolde-Giorgis, Ethiopian Catholic priest. Soddo, 10 October 2009. In English.

    Abraham Worku, teacher. Gesuba, 2 January 2011. In English and Amharic.

    Alula Anjiyo, retired teacher, father of Yemesrach Alula. Soddo, 2 January 2010. In Amharic.

    Anjulo Agago, 94, farmer. Dubbo, 10 December 2010. In Wolaita. Translation: Asela Gujubo.

    Arjo Anjulo, university graduate, unemployed at the time of the interview. Dubbo, 10 December 2010. In Amharic.

    Asela Gujubo. Asela Gujubo accompanied me as a translator for the interviews in Wolaita language in rural areas. He didn’t give me any interviews, but his many comments, suggestions and interpretations were highly valuable.

    Ayelech Tekle-Mariam, teacher and civil servant in the Wolaita Zone. Soddo, 19 November 2010. In English.

    Belaynesh Antonios, teacher, responsible for women’s affairs at Soddo town. Soddo, 2 November 2009. In English.

    Bezabeh Milkias, teacher, school headmaster, school administrator. Soddo, 10 October 2009. In English.

    Bogale Gesamo, retired teacher. Soddo, 3 December 2010. In English.

    Demissie Minamo, teacher. Soddo, 5 December 2010. In English.

    Desalegn Tanga, agricultural engineer. Group interview with Gebre-Mikael Kuke. Soddo, November 2010. In Amharic.

    Elias Damtew, teacher, school headmaster, official at the Wolaita Zone Culture Office. Soddo, 11 October 2009. In English.

    Fancho Fanta, lecturer in the Department of History and Heritage Management, Wolaita Sodo University. Soddo, 10 May 2016. In English.

    Germa Bekele, 74, retired teacher. Bedesa, 9 December 2010. In Amharic.

    Gebre-Mikaél Kuke, retired teacher. Soddo, group interview with Dessalägn Tangaon 12 November; individual interview on 16 November 2010. In Amharic.

    Habtamu Lemma, university teacher and researcher. Soddo, 17 December 2009. Amharic and English.

    Kassech Mulugeta, pupil from 1960 to 1974, teacher. Soddo, 31 December 2009. In Amharic.

    Lemma Didana, retired teacher. Soddo, 14 December 2009. In Amharic.

    Mana Madibo, 75, farmer. Gesuba, 6 December 2010. Wolaita. Translation: Asela Gujubo.

    Merigeta Tesfaye, a priest of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Soddo, 20 October 2010. Amharic.

    Paolos Sorsa, civil servant at the Ministry of Justice. Addis Ababa, 14 and 21 December 2010, . In English.

    Saol Akamo, Tobacco Monopoly official. Boditi, 15 November 2010. In Amharic.

    Talemos Mana, teacher and school administrator. Soddo, 9 November 2010. In English.

    Tsehai Zerihun, civil servant at the Ministry of Agriculture, school principal. Addis Ababa, 7 January 2011. In English.

    Wolde-Semaet Gebre-Wold, governor of Wolaita from 1963 to 1973. Addis Ababa, 15 January 2011. In English.

    Wanna Wagesho, founder of the first government school in Wolaita, teacher, school headmaster, school administrator. Soddo, 15 December 2009 and 3 November 2010. In Amharic.

    Wanna Dea, civil servant. Soddo, 11 December 2010. In Amharic.

    Yaluse Mita, teacher. Soddo, 2 November 2009. In Amharic

    Yemesrach Alula, teacher. Soddo, 2 January and 22 October 2010. In Amharic.

    Zebdewos Chama, teacher, school headmaster, district governor. Soddo, 3 and 10 November 2010. In English.

    Zeritu Buche, teacher. Soddo, 7 December 2010. In Amharic.

    Zerihun Anebo, teacher. Soddo, 5 December 2010. In English.

    Lalibela, Lasta

    Abeje Mamo, employee of the NGO Plan International. Lalibela, 14 February 2008. In English.

    Afememeher Allebachew, teacher at the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Lalibela, 9 February 2007. In Amharic.

    Afework Ayalew, teacher. Lalibela, 10 February 2007. In English.

    Afework Tadesse, teacher. Lalibela, 10 February 2007.

    Allebachew Fantew, teacher. Lalibela, 14 February 2007. In English.

    Assefa Wolde-Giorgis, public writer, miller, shopkeeper. Lalibela, 7 February 2007. In Amharic.

    Baye Maereg, farmer. Lalibela, 14 February 2008. In Amharic.

    Demeke Melesse, teacher. Lalibela, 20 February 2008. In English.

    Mantagosh Eshete, teacher. Lalibela, 16 February 2008. In Amharic.

    Solomon Maereg, student under the Derg. Lalibela, 7 February 2007. In English.

    Tesfaw Derebe, student under the Derg. Lalibela, 15 February 2007. In English.

    Telahun Ayele, pupil under the Derg and EPRDF, teacher. Lalibela, July 2014. In English.

    Yitbarek Abebe, teacher and school administrator. Lalibela, 26 February 2008. In Amharic.

    Zewde Wolde-Giorgis, teacher. Lalibela, 10 February 2007.

    Addis Ababa

    Getachew Kassa, pupil at Tefari Mekonnen School from 1967 to 1971, teacher. Addis Ababa, 8 August 2009.

    Mesfin Wolde-Mariam, student at Tefari Mekonnen from 1945 to 1949, geographer, famous academic and influential public figure in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, 11 August 2009. In English.

    Minale Sissay, a student from the early 1980s, holds a higher diploma in commerce and is now a bank employee). Addis Ababa, 18 November 2010. Many informal discussions. In Amharic and English.

    Tesfaye Gessesse, student at the Tefari Mekonnen school from 1948 to 1955, novelist, poet and playwright. Addis Ababa, 18 August 2009. In English.

    Notes de bas de page

    1This is the first name of the hero (Ethiopian first names have a meaning) who behaves in an exemplary manner: loyal to the emperor, patriotic and working for the progress of his country.

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    Educating the Nation in Ethiopia

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    Pierre Guidi Simon Dix (trad.)

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    History of Women in Ethiopia

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    Guidi, P. (2024). Sources. In Educating the Nation in Ethiopia (1‑). Centre français des études éthiopiennes. https://doi.org/10.4000/12iyz
    Guidi, Pierre. « Sources ». In Educating the Nation in Ethiopia. Addis-Abeba: Centre français des études éthiopiennes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/12iyz.
    Guidi, Pierre. « Sources ». Educating the Nation in Ethiopia, Centre français des études éthiopiennes, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4000/12iyz.

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    Guidi, P. (2024). Educating the Nation in Ethiopia (S. Dix, Trad.; 1‑). Centre français des études éthiopiennes. https://doi.org/10.4000/12iy3
    Guidi, Pierre. Educating the Nation in Ethiopia. Traduit par Simon Dix. Addis-Abeba: Centre français des études éthiopiennes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/12iy3.
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