absolutism 2, 9, 13

Act of Independence 76–77, 85, 91, 174

Act of Unity 37

Aleksiiev, Volodymyr 175

American Constitution 3–5, 10

Amstrong, John 64

Andrews, William 5, 10

Aristotle 4

Autonomous Republic of Crimea, see Crimea

Bandera, Stepan 210

Beetham, David 92

Bellamy, Richard 4, 23 n.6

Bezsmertnyi, Roman 196, 248 n.6

bi-cameralism 80, 82, 120, 146, 148, 164–166, 197–198

Britain (Great) 4–5

Brodskyi, Mykhailo 268

Brubaker, Rodgers 52, 90, 173

Bukovina 35, 43, 51, 58 n.52, 159

cabinet of ministers 84, 111, 113, 116–117, 148–149, 191, 222 n.7, 257–258, 279–280

Carey, Matthew 239–240, 280

Castiglione, Dario 6–7, 11, 24 n.9, 27 n.48

Catherine the Great 32

Central Council 36, 39, 41

Centre (faction), see Tsentr

centrist forces 135, 174–175, 180–181, 182 n.4, 217–219, 225 n.52

checks and balances 3, 9 in Ukraine 199
Chornovil, Viacheslav 77, 106, 127 n.18, 184 n.32, 214–215, 267

Chyzh, Ivan 107, 183 n.15, 267
CIS, see Commonwealth of Independent States

CNDF, see Congress of National Democratic Forces

Commonwealth of Independent States 78, 106, 107, 108, 133, 137, 176

communist parties, see communist system Communist Party of Ukraine after 1998 elections 263, 279
after independence 109, 131–132, 134,
constitutional debates 141–143, 173–174, 178, 196, 200, 211–212, 214, 224 n.43
pre-independence 64–76, 80–82, 87–91, 97 n.32, 98 n.44
communist system 8, 21, 47

Congress of National Democratic Forces 106, 126 n.8, 132

Connor, Walter 231

constitution
communist 8,
functions of, 11–12,
links with constitutionalism 5,
meanings of, 5–6

Constitutional Agreement 189, 194–197, 206, 223 n.19,25

Constitutional Commission
of 1990–1991 72–73, 85–86, 79–85, 165
of 1992–1993 119, 120–122
of 1994–1996 156, 192, 193, 197, 200, 206–207, 211

Constitutional Court 82, 111, 142, 199, 229, 238, 240, 258–260, 261, 267, 273–274, 277

constitutionalism,
liberal 2,
utilitarian/communitarian 4

constitutions of the UkrSSR 45–51, 85, 111

Cossack Sich 31–32, 89

Council of Europe 160, 273

Council of Regions 152, 191, 224 n.32

CPU, see Communist Party of Ukraine

Crimea 51, 120, 123, 154, 156–159, 215, 243–244

Crimean Tatars 158–9, 170–171

Cyrillo–Methodian Society 34

Declaration of the Rights of National

Minorities 89, 197–199, 229

Declaration of Sovereignty 70, 71, 73, 75, 87, 88, 97 n.31, 99 n.49, 143, 174, 211

Democratic Bloc 67

Democratic Party of Ukraine, the 106

Derzhavnist (faction) 133–134, 145, 158, 214, 216

Directory, see Dyrektoriat

dissident movement 65

Dohovir , see Constitutional Agreement

Donbas 117, 132, 140, 150, 154, 159, 162, 182 n.4, 11

Dontsov, Dmytro 35, 38

Dovhan, Serkhiy 109

draft constitutions
of 1992 119–120
of 1993 120–122
of March 1996 198–202, 208, 210–212, 228–229
of May 1996 (‘Syrota draft’) 200–203, 208, 211–212
of November 1996 197–198, 210

Drahomanov, Mykhailo 35, 43, 154
Dyrektoriat 40, 42

Eastern Ukraine 62, 80, 83, 95, 132, 140, 144–145, 152–153, 166, 169, 182 n.4, 229

Easton, David 15

Elazar, Daniel 234

elections
of 1990 67
of 1994 118, 130–136, 182 n.9
of 1998 261–264,
of 1999 270–271, 282 n.17

Elster, Jon 26 n.33, 27 n.48

European Charter on Local Self-Government 160

Farmer, Kenneth 63

federalism 44–45, 83, 137, 140, 146, 150–156, 182 n.11, 184 n.32

Finer, E. 5, 11

Fokin, Vitaliy 87, 114

Galicia 31, 35, 39, 45, 56, 136, 139, see also Western Ukraine

Geertz, Clifford 247

Giddens, Anthony 25 n.20

Gorbachev, Mikhail 65, 68, 74, 75

Green Party 262, 266

Grey, Thomas 6

‘group 239’ 68, 69, 71, 81, 108–110

Grundgesetz 5,17

Hagen, Mark von 30

Haidamak movement 33

Halychyna, see Galicia

Hay, Colin 15

Het’man Vadym 135, 249 n.14

Hetmanate 32–33

Hoffman, John 14

Holmes, Stephen 9, 24 n.9

Holovatyi, Serhiy 215–216, 222 n.11, 274

Horyn, Mykhailo 126 n.8

Hroch, Myroslav 33

Hromada (faction) 262, 264, 266–267

Hromady 34

Hrushevskyi, Mykhailo 36, 41–43, 154, 187 n.86

Hryniov, Volodymyr 77, 107, 132, 137, 150–152

Hurenko, Stanislav 68

IBRB see Inter-Regional Bloc for Reforms

imperative mandate 49, 83, 100 n.62, 142, 237

indigenous people 158, 167, 170–171, 175, 230–231

Inter-Regional Bloc for Reforms 132–133, 135–137

Inter-Regional Group of Deputies (MDG)

135, 158, 159, 166, 174, 217, 225 n.52, 55, 57

Ivashko, Volodymyr 65, 68, 97 n.27,29

Jennings, Jeremy 245

Kant 4

Khmelnytskyi, Bohdan 31, 42, 177

Kinakh, Anatoliy 279

korinni narody, see indigenous people

Kostenko, Yuriy 267

Kostomarov Mykola 35

Kravchenko, Yuriy 278

Kravchuk, Leonid 21, 68, 72–77, 81–82, 98 n.36, 106, 107, 110–124, 132, 136–140, 172, 187 n.86

Kremen’, Vasyl 261

Kuchma, Leonid

as president 135–139, 147–149, 151, 157, 162, 175–176, 181, 191–204, 205–209, 266, 270–271, 281
as prime minister 108, 114, 116, 123
during 1994 elections 132
Kuzio, Taras 77
Kyiv Rus’ 31, 89, 147

language 137, 271
in constitutional debates and acts 168–169, 172, 176, 228–230, 248 n.5
in Soviet Ukraine 62–32
‘Law on Language’ 88–89

Lanovyi, Volodymyr 107

Lavrynovych, Oleksandr 256, 276

‘Law on Citizenship’ 89, 100 n.75

‘Law on Power’ 192–194, 221 n.3, see also Constitutional Agreement

Lazarenko, Pavlo 224 n.31, 250 n. 26, 262, 267, 272

left-wing forces 135, 263,
in constitutional debates 141–143, 149–152, 161, 163–166, 171–174, 178, 180, 191, 200, 209–213, 228
see also Communist Party of Ukraine,
Socialist Party of Ukraine, Peasant
Party of Ukraine

legitimacy 16

Little Constitution see ‘Law on Power’

Lock, John 2

Loewenstein, Karl 10, 26 n.29

Ludwikowski, Rett 240

Lukianenko, Levko 77, 106, 127 n.18

Lypynskyi, Viacheslav 35

Lytvyn Volodymyr, 260

Marchuk, Yevhen 270

Martyniuk, Adam 266

Masol, Vitaliy 68, 72, 97 n.33

MDG, see Inter-Regional Group of Deputies

Medvedchuk, Viktor 262, 266

Melnychenko, Mykola 278

Meshkov, Yuriy 157

Mikhnovskyi, Mykola 35

Moldova 50–51

Montesquieu 4

Moroz, Oleksandr 108, 136, 192, 195, 200–201, 204, 207, 209, 211, 213, 257, 266, 270, 274

Motyl, Alexander 64

nation, see ‘national question’

Narodna Rada 67–70, 76, 77, 80, 82, 86, 90, 96 n.23,24, 97 n.27, 105, 107, 126 n.9

narodovladia 141–143, 149, 164

national-communists 64, 71, 74, 76, 81–82, 86, see also Communist Party of Ukraine

national-democrats 20, 105–107, 126 n.5, 132, 137, 182 n.4
in constitutional debates 144–146, 152–156, 158–159, 161–163, 167–171, 178, 205–206, 213, 228, 248 n.4

national minorities 151, 170–173, 229–231

‘national question’ 88, 153, 167–177,205, 228–232

national symbols 89–90, 170, 172, 186 n.73, 197, 199, 205–206, 229–230

New Ukraine 107, 109, 127 n.10, 132

Nezalezhni (faction) 135

nomenklatura 71, 76, 109

oblast, see the territorial–administrative system
Offe, Claus 92, 228

Oliynyk, Borys 107

Parliament, see Supreme Council

Party of Democratic Revival 83

‘party of power’ 133, 267

PDP, see People’s Democratic Party of Ukraine

Peasant Party of Ukraine 109, 131–132, 134, 173–174, 178, 211–212, 224 n.43, 263–264, 267

People’s Democratic Party of Ukraine 262, 264, 266–267

Peter the Great 32

Petliura, Symon 36, 37, 38, 42, 210

Petrushevych, Yevhen 37, 42, 43

Pliushch, Leonid 77, 110, 118–119, 121, 123, 266

Poland 31–33, 37–38, 56 n. 25, 165, 288

political community, see ‘national question’

predstavynyky, see representatives of the president

presidency, powers of 75–76, 78, 80–85, 99 n.56, 110–113, 117–122, 141–150, 191, 195–99, 222–223, 236–239, 250 n.27

Preuss, Ulrich 234, 249 n. 21

prokuratura 79, 83, 99 n.49, 238, 240, 251 n.34

Pustovoitenko, Valeriy 268, 272

radical right 182 n.3

radas, see the territorial–administrative system

Rechtsstaat 4, 244

referendum
in 1991 74, 76–77
in 2000 272–276

Reformy (faction) 134, 145, 174, 216

religion 187 n.92

representatives of the president 80, 112, 119, 121, 128 n.32n.39, 145, 163, 199, 242

rights and freedoms 85, 233–235, 249 n.21

right wing, see national-democrats

Romania 50

Rozumkov, Oleksandr 209

Rudnytskyi, Ivan 41, 155

Rukh 66, 67, 96 n.20–21, 105, 106, 110, 126 n.6–7, 132–134, 144–146, 158, 171, 182 n.4, 214, 264, 267, 271, 279

Russia 32, 34–37, 50, 57 n.50, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 92, 103, 123, 124, 136–137, 154, 214

Rzeczpospolita, see Poland

Sartori, Giovanni 6, 10, 144, 234

Scherbytskyi, Volodymyr 64, 65

Schmitt, Carl 235

SDPU(U), see Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine (United)

SelPU, see Peasant Party of Ukraine

Senate, see bi-cameralism

separation of powers, 3, 9

in Ukraine 48, 142–143, 145, 206, 210, 240–241

Shapoval, Volodymyr 154

Shelest, Petro 64

Shevchenko, Taras 34

Shistydesiatnyky, see dissident movement

Shugart, Matthew 239, 280

Skoropadskyi, Pavlo 37, 39, 41, 42

Skrypnyk, Mykola 64

Sliusarenko, A. 47

sobornist 154, 184 n.35

Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine (United) 262

Social Market Choice 135, 175, 217, 225 n. 52, 57

Socialist Party of Ukraine 107–109, 131–132, 134, 173–174, 178, 183 n.15, 211–212, 224 n.43, 263–264, 267

socio-economic rights 173, 233–235

Southern Ukraine 62, 80, 95, 132, 140, 144, 152–153, 166, 169, 182 n. 4, 229

Soviet Ukraine (till 1990) 45–52, 61–66

state
and constitution 11, 15–17
definition of 13–15
origins of 12–13

State Council 113–114
Statehood (faction), see Derzhavnist
Stretovych, Volodymyr 257, 260
strikes
miners’ (1993) 117–118
students (1990) 71–72, 97 n.33

Subtelny, Orest 31
sumisnyky 207–208

Supreme Council 48–50, 67, 68, 69, 79, 82, 83, 105, 125 n. 2, 126 n. 3

powers of 111–112, 142–149, 236–237, 255–258, 272–276

Surkiz, Hryhoriy 262

symbols, see national symbols

Symonenko, Petro 172, 174, 211, 266, 270–271

Syrota, Mykhailo 200–201

Tabachnyk, Dmytro 188 n.97, 209

Taburianskyi, Petro 77

territorial–administrative system 139, 160–166, 191, 241–244

Tkachenko, Oleksandr 266, 268–270

Tomenko, Mykola 47

Transcarpathia 43, 51, 140, 154, 183 n. 12, 262

Treaty of Andrushevo 32

Treaty of Riga 38

Trotsky, Leon 14

Tsentr (faction) 135, 175, 217, 225 n. 52

Tsentralna Rada, see Central Council

Tully, James 25 n.18

Tymoshenko, Yulia 267

Udovenko, Henadiy 267

Ukrainian Peoples’ Republic (UNR) 20, 21, 36–39, 41–45, 86, 89, 144, 156, 180, 240, 247

Ukrainian Republican Party 134, 216, 264

Ukrainian SSR, see Soviet Ukraine

Unity (faction) 135

Union of Brest 31

Union of Krevo 31

Union of Pereieslav 32
upper chamber, see bi-cameralism

URP, see Ukrainian Republican Party

Vitrenko, Natalia 270

Volkov, Oleksandr 267

Vynnychenko, Volodymyr 36, 37, 42

Weber, Max 14

Western Ukraine 38, 50, 66–67, 88, 90, 94 n.5, 96 n.20, 132, 137, 139–140, 166, 171–172, see also Galicia

Western Ukrainian People’s Republic 37–38, 40–42, 44, 86

Wheare, K. 8,10

Wilson, Andrew 115, 123

Yednist , see Unity

Yefremov, Serkhiy 36

Yeltsin, Borys 76, 78, 114, 118, 204, 214, 270

Yemelianov, Oleksandr 127 n.21

Yemets, Oleksandr 127 n.21

Yevtukhov, Vasyl 107

Yukhnovskyi, Ihor 69, 77, 106, 127 n. 21

Yushchenko, Viktor 272, 278–279

Zakarpattia, see Transcarpathia

Zhulynskyi, Mykola 127 n. 21

Ziuganov, Genadii 204, 214

ZUNR, see Western Ukrainian People’s Republic

Zviagilskyi, Efim 117–118, 150