The Roma in Romanian History
|Index
With italics are terms (most in Romanian) specific to the history of the Roma in Romania.
Testo integrale
abolition – see emancipation
abolitionism, 41, 92, 95–103, 109
abolitionist attitudes, abolitionist feeling, abolitionist movement, abolitionist trend, abolitionists – see abolitionism
Africa, 13. See also South ~
Akkerman (Cetatea Albă), county, 131
Alans, 15
Alba, county, 191
Alba Iulia, 159
Alecsandri, Vasile, 101
Aleksandrovka, locality in Transnistria, 178
Aleksandrudar, locality in Transnistria, 176–177
Alexander the Good, Prince of Moldavia, 14, 16, 32
Alexianu, Gheorghe, governor of Transnistria, 171
Algeria, 125
America, 125. See also Latin ~; see also North ~; see also South ~
Andreas (in Regensburg), 11
Antonescu, Ion, Marshal, President of the Ministry Council, Head of State, 163, 167–172, 174, 180, 182–185
Apafi, Mihály, Prince of Transylvania, 42
Apuseni Mountains, 50
Arad, county, 19, 74, 170
Argeş, county, 50
Armenia, 8, 9, 12
Arpaşu de Jos, village, 14
Asaki, Gheorghe, 101
Asia, 12; Asia Minor, 8–9, 16, 22;
Central Asia, 13
assimilation, 2, 5, 49, 69–78, 116, 119, 121, 127, 129, 132, 137, 146–147, 151, 163, 165, 199, 214–218. See also Germanisation; see also
Magyarisation; see also
Romanianisation. See also “new
Banatians”; see also “new Hungarians”; see also “new peasants”
aţigani – see Gypsies
aurari (sing. aurar), gold-washers, 33–34, 48, 50–51, 53, 59, 62–63, 71–72, 76–77, 82, 88–89, 103–105, 122, 124, 129. See also băieşi; see also rudari
Auschwitz, Auschwitz-Birkenau, 181, 183
Australia, 13, 124
Austria, 74, 125, 127, 181. See also
Austrian–Hungarian Empire; see also Habsburg Empire Austrian–Hungarian dualism – see
Austrian–Hungarian Empire Austrian–Hungarian Empire, 125, 133, 137. See also Austria; see also Hungary
Baia, town, 16
băieşi, 122, 124. See also aurari
Bălăceanu, Emanoil, 91 Balásfi, Franciscus, voivode of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 62
Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, 8–12, 17–19, 21–23, 29, 65–66, 123, 126–127
Balta, county in Transnistria, 175, 177 Banat, 50–51, 69–71, 74, 76–77, 122, 126, 133–134, 145, 147, 193
Bărăgan, 171
Basarab the Old, Prince of Vallachia, 80
Basel, 10
Bataillard, Paul, 94, 125
Bavaria, 11, 127
bear-baiters – see ursaribeás – see băieşi
Beecher-Stowe, Harriet, 98
Belgium, 181
Belon du Mans, Pierre, 23
Bender, county, 131
Berezovka, county in Transnistria, 175
Berlin, 3, 184
Bessarabia, 123, 125–126, 130–132, 139, 143, 145, 150, 171
Bibescu, Gheorghe, Prince of Vallachia, 109
Bihor, county, 74
Bistriţa, monastery, 14
Bistrţa, town, 43
Black Sea, 12, 21, 45, 65–66.
See also Danube–Black Sea Canal blacksmiths, 15, 30, 33–34, 45–48, 53, 68, 74, 78, 89, 92, 113–114, 130, 133, 136, 148, 150, 173–174, 193
Block, Martin, 146
Bohemia, 10–11. See also Czechia
boiler-makers – see căldărari
Bolintin, village, 210
Bolliac, Cezar, 99–100, 110
Bolshaya-Karanika, locality in Transnistria, 176, 178
Bornemisza, Balthazar, general commander of Transylvania, 62
Bosnia, 123, 125
Boyás – see băieşi
Bran, castle, estate, 19, 43
Braşov, town, 19, 43, 48; county, 146
Brătianu, Constantin I. C., 174
Brătianu, Gheorghe, 158
brick-makers, 89, 47, 114, 133, 193
British Isles, 11
Brodeau (Brodaeus), Jean, 23
Bucharest, 4, 55, 101, 117, 130, 145, 149, 154–156, 159, 164, 168, 189, 192–193, 196, 199, 203
Buda, 44
Budapest, 125, 133
Bug, river, 171, 175, 178–179, 184 Bukovina, 57, 122, 126–130, 142, 145–146, 171
Bulgaria, 10, 18, 23, 29, 67, 123–125 Bulgarians, 123 bulibaşă (plural bulibaşi), bulucbaş, bulucbaşă, 61–62, 64, 154, 156, 158, 218
Burgenland, 74 By den czyganen – see Ziganie
Byzantine Empire, 8–9, 12–13, 16, 18, 21, 25, 29, 65–67, 69. See also
Byzantium Byzantium, 9, 12, 21, 23. See also
Byzantine Empire
Cair, village, 131
Calbor, village, 154
căldărari (sing. căldărar), căldăras¸I (sing. căldăras¸), boiler-makers, 89, 109, 122–124, 148, 194, 206, 212.
See also Kalderasˇ
Callimach(i), Scarlat, Prince of Moldavia, Codul Callimach, 41 camp Gypsies – see lăieşi
Câmpineanu, Ion, 99
Candia (Iraklion), 9
Cantemir, Dimitrie, 19 captain of the Gypsies (official), 129
Caragea, Ioan, Prince of Vallachia,
Legiuirea Caragea, 41
Caras,, county, 74
Caras¸-Severin, county, 135
Carpathians, 20, 23, 46, 66, 88, 147
Caucasus, 12, 16
Cazac, a Gypsy, 80
Ceaus¸escu, Nicolae, 197, 199–200 census, 2, 74, 93–95, 105, 120, 134, 138, 142–143, 145–147, 159, 171–172, 198, 202, 213–214
Cetatea Albă– see Akkerman
Chelcea, Ion, 4, 146, 150, 153
Ciuc, county, 135 ciurari (sing. ciurar), 122–124
Cladova, village, 19
Cluj, county, 145; town, 26, 164
Cluj-Turda, county, 170
cnezi of Gypsies (officials), 61 cocalari, 212
Codrescu, Theodor, 98
Colson, Félix, 94, 98
Comşut,, Şerban, voivode of the Gypsies in the Făgăras¸ land (official), 62
Constanţa, county, 210
Constantinople, 9, 41
coppersmiths, 47, 53, 130, 136
Cora, Guido, 120
Corfu, 67
Cornova, locality, 4
Cossacks (Bessarabia), 131
Costea, boyar, 14
Costea, a Gypsy, 81
Costin, Miron, 49
Cozia, monastery, 14, 32, 47
craftsmen (Gypsies), 32, 34, 45–48, 58, 64, 68, 74, 77, 91, 104–105, 116–117, 119–120, 131, 133, 136, 149, 152, 155, 194
Craiova, town, 156–158
Crete, 9
Crişana, 133, 145, 147
Croatia, 125, 134, 181. See also Croatia–Dalmatia; see also Croatia–Slavonia.
Croatia–Dalmatia, 134
Croatia–Slavonia, 74
Cumans, 16, 25, 28
Čurara – see ciurari
Curchea, a Gypsy, 81
Cuza, A. C., 163
Cuza, Alexandru Ioan, Prince of the United Principalities (Romania), 119
Czechia, 127, 181. See also Bohemia
Czechoslovakia, 127, 195, 198, 200
Czernowitz, town, 110, 128
Czigan Karacion, 26
Czigan Nan, 26
Cziganen, antroponym, in Bra∫ov, 19
dajdie (tax), 37, 50, 52, 130
Dan, antroponym, 83
Dan I, Prince of Vallachia, 13
Danube, 2, 10, 13, 17–19, 21–22, 29– 30, 45–46, 65–67, 69, 88, 122, 131. See also Danube–Black Sea Canal
Danube–Black Sea Canal, 201
Demeter, family name, 125 Denmark, 11
Diamant, Teodor, 91–92
Dinicu, Grigoras¸, musician, 154–155 Dniester, river, 130, 171, 180, 184
Dobrogea, 58, 145, 173
Dózsa, György, 19 Dolj, county, 145, 158
Donici, Andronache, 41
ubrovnik (Ragusa), 10, 68
Dumbrăveni, town, 135, 159
Egypt, 10, 12
emancipated Gypsies, emancipated slaves – see emancipation
emancipation (abolition of the slavery), 1–3, 5–6, 27, 29, 49, 58, 87, 90–120, 123, 126–127, 139, 142
emancipation laws – see emancipation
emigration – see migration
“emperor” of the Roma, 218
England, 8, 11, 13, 124–125
epistat (official), 62
Estonia, 181
Europe, 7, 8, 10–13, 15–16, 18, 21–24, 28, 30, 45–46, 53, 55, 64, 66–69, 87–88, 95–96, 98–99, 123–125, 181, 215–217
Făcăoaru, Ioan, 165
Făgăras¸, county, 145–146, 153–154; land, the land of ~, 14, 18, 42, 62; town, 154
Faraonovca, village, 131
farriers, 15, 34, 53, 133
Fényes, Elek, 134
Filipescu, Dimitrie (Mitică), 96, 100
Finland, 8, 11
Fotino, Dionisie, 94
Fourier, Charles, 91–92
France, 10, 11, 13, 66, 97–98, 100, 124–125, 127, 181
gabori, 211
Galaţi, town, 187
Galicia, 128–129
General Association of Gypsies in Romania, 154–156
General Union of Roma in Romania, 155–157, 160, 189
Germanisation, 58. See also assimilation
Germanised – see Germanisation
Germans, 76, 134, 136, 147, 190, 193. See also Saxons
Germany, 10–11, 23, 124–127, 163–167, 180–185. See also Holy Roman Empire
Ghica, Grigore, Prince of Vallachia, 97
Ghica, Grigore Alexandru, Prince of Moldavia, 111
Ghenghis Khan, 15
giude – see jude
Giurgiu, county, 210
Goga, Octavian, 158, 163
Golden Horde, 16
goldsmiths, 47
gold-washers – see aurari
Goles¸ti, village, 49
Golta, county in Transnistria, 175; town, 178
Gorj, county, 146
Govora, monastery, 47; Pravila de la Govora, 36
Greece, 9, 21–22, 124–125
Gregorios II Kyprios, Patriarch, 9
Grellmann, H. M. G., 7
Griselini, Francesco, 70
Gromo, Giovanandrea, 20, 49
Gura Humorului, district, 129
Gusti, Dimitrie, 4, 164
Gypsies – See also ţigani; see also slaves. – boyar’s ~ – see private slaves; – ~ of the Crown, 31, 130– 131 (Bessarabia); – ~ of the State – see state slaves; – Gypsy slaves – see slaves; – “hearth” (house) ~ – see vătraşi; – hetmans’ ~, 62; – monastery ~ – see monastery slaves;– princely ~ – see state slaves; princes’ ~ – see state slaves; – privately owned ~ – see private slaves; – “Romanian ~”, 123. See also “Vlach ~”; state ~ – see state slaves; – tent-dwelling ~ – see tentdwelling Gypsies; – “Vlach ~” (oláh cigányok, valašski Cigáni), 23, 122. See Karavlasi; see karavlaški; see Koritari
Habsburg authorities, Habsburg rule, Habsburgs, House of Habsburg – see Habsburg Empire Habsburg Empire, 42, 51, 63, 69–76, 78, 87, 90, 121–122, 127–128, 132, 142.
See also Austria
Hădăreni, village, 210
Hám, János, bishop, 133
Hat,eg, district, 20; town, 135
Heliade Rădulescu, Ion, 101
Herăscu, colonel, 106
Hesse, 10
Himmler, Heinrich, 183
Hindelsheim, 10
Hitler, Adolf, 167, 171, 184
Holland, 10, 181
Holocaust, 181–182, 185, 215 holop, 28, 35, 66.
See also slaves
Holy Places, 118, 139
Holy Roman Empire, 10. See also Germany
Hopf, Carl, 20–21
Hunedoara, county, 135 Hungarian Kingdom – see Hungary Hungarians, 17, 28, 54, 64, 132, 134, 136–137, 147, 190, 199, 213, 219
Hungary, 10–11, 13–14, 17, 19–20, 22–23, 28, 42–44, 60, 63–66, 69–72, 74–75, 77, 121–123, 125–127, 133– 137, 170, 182, 184, 195, 198, 200. See also Austrian–Hungarian Empire
Ialomiţa, county, 145
Iancul, bulucbas¸, 61
Iaşi, town, 97–99, 101
Ibaşfalău – see Dumbrăveni
Ilfov, county, 145
India, 7, 8, 11
Ionescu, N. St., 156
Ionian Islands, 9
Iorga, Nicolae, 15
Ipsilanti, Alexandru, Prince of Vallachia, 41
Iraklion – see Candia
Iron Guard, 166–167. See also Legionaries
Isabella, Queen of Hungary, 42, 62
Istanbul, 49
Italy, 11, 66, 124–125
Ivan Šišman, Tsar of Bulgaria, 10
Jazygians, 15
Jerusalem, 10 Jews, 130, 148, 166–167, 169, 171, 182–185
John of Sultanyeh, archbishop, 12
Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, 69–72, 74–78, 128, 133–134
jude (plural juzi), Gypsy head, 39, 59, 63, 64, 83, 89; ~ of the Gypsies (official), 54
Kalderasˇ, 124–126. See also căldăraşi Karavlasi, 123 karavlaški, 123
Khazars, 28
Kievan Rus, 66 “king” (title of Gypsy leaders), 63;
“king” of the Roma, 218
Kingdom of Hungary – see Hungary
Kirpats, family name, 125
Kisselev, Pavel, Russian general, 103
Kogălniceanu, Mihail, 3, 33–34, 56–57, 90, 94–95, 98–99, 111
Kohly de Guggsberg, Emile, 97
Koritari, 123
Kovaliovka, locality in Transnistria, 176
Krakow, 125 kris (tribunal court), 218
lăieşi (sing. lăies¸), lăieţi (sing. lăieţ), camp Gypsies, 33–34, 47, 63, 89–91, 105, 111–113, 117, 120, 152.
See also nomads
Lalu, a Gypsy, 81
Latin America, 124–125
Latvia, 181
lăutari – see musicians
Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică, G. A., 155, 156, 158–159
Lăzurică– see Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică, G.A.
Legionaries, 163, 166–167, 169. See also Iron Guard
legionary movement – see Legionaries
lingurari (sing. lingurar), spoonmakers, 33, 53, 59–61, 63, 89,
104–105, 111, 114, 121, 129, 136
Lithuania, 17, 181
Lithuanians, 16
locksmiths, 34, 47, 53
Lovara – see lovari lovari, 122–124, 126
Low Countries, 10
Lower Saxony, 10 Luxembourg, 181
Magyarisation, 58, 152, 218.
See also assimilation
Magyarised – see Magyarisation
Manea, a Gypsy, 80
Manolescu-Dolj, Aurel, 156–159
Manuilă, Sabin, 168
Maramures¸, county, region, 19, 74, 133, 145, 147
Marena, wife of Prince Alexander the Good, 32
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 69–72, 74, 76–78, 133–134
Matei Basarab, Prince of Vallachia, 36
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, 44, 48, 60
Mavrocordat, Alexandru, Prince of Moldavia, 107
Mavrocordat, Constantin, Prince of Vallachia, Prince of Moldavia, 39–40, 55
Mavrocordat, Nicolae, Prince of Moldavia, Prince of Vallachia, 37
Mavrogheni, Petre, 111
Maximoff, family name, 125
Mediterranean Sea, 65– 66, 68
Meissen, 10
Michael the Brave, Prince of Vallachia, 41
Micul, a Gypsy, 80 Middle East, 12–13 migration, 7–15, 20–24, 53, 120–127, 132, 141
Mihail Kogălniceanu, village, 210
Miklosich, Franz, 8, 15, 21–23
Mircea the Old, Prince of Vallachia, 14, 18, 30, 43, 47
Mizil, town, 146
Moldavia, 4, 10, 14, 16–20, 23, 26, 27–28, 32–37, 39–43, 45–46, 48–51, 55, 59–62, 64, 69, 79, 87, 90–92, 94–97, 99–100, 103–104, 108–113, 114, 116, 120–121, 123, 126–128, 130–131, 145, 185
Moldovan, Iuliu, 164
Moldoviţa, monastery, 14, 16, 127
Mongols, 12, 15–16, 21, 28. See also Tatars
Mujea, a Gypsy, 81
Muntenia, 28, 116, 145–146. See also Vallachia
Mures¸, county, 145, 191, 210
musicians, 59, 68, 72–74, 76, 88, 90, 92, 131, 136, 149, 154, 173
Naftanailă, Lazăr, 154
Nagy, Gáspár, voivode of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 62
Nagy, Mathias, voivode of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 62
Năsăud, county, 4, 145, 147, 151
National Christian Party, 158–159
National Liberal Party, 158, 174
nazâr (official), 62
Neamt,, county, 117; monastery, 35
Neigebaur, J. F., 94
neo-rustici – see “new peasants” Netherlands, 125
netoţi, “idiots”, 89–90, 104
neu Banater – see “new Banatians”
Neubauer – see “new peasants”
“new Banatians” (neu Banater), 74, 76
“new Hungarians” (új magyarok), 71, 74
“new peasants” (neo-rustici, Neubauer), 71, 74, 128
New Zealand, 13
Nicolăescu-Plops¸or, C. S,., 156–158
Niculescu, Gheorghe, 155–156, 159, 189
nomadic Gypsies – see nomads
nomadism, 20, 30, 44, 51–53, 65, 88, 90, 104, 117, 129, 131, 133, 152– 153, 169, 191.
See also nomads nomads, 7, 17, 42, 52–53, 56, 58–60, 63, 67, 70, 76–78, 89–91, 97, 104–105, 108–109, 111, 114, 120–121, 128–136, 142, 149, 152–153, 155–157, 165, 170–172, 174–175, 182–191, 196. See also
nomadism; see also tent-dwelling
Gypsies; see also lăieşi
North America, 13, 124
Oană, Tatar slave, 35
Ochakov, county in Transnistria, 173, 175–178; locality, 176–177
Ocnele Mari, 47
Olahus, Nicolaus, 82
Old Kingdom (of Romania), 120, 145, 147–148, 185
Olt, river, 61–62, 150
Oltenia, 145, 154, 156–157
Organic Regulations, 40, 91–92, 103–104, 106–107, 110, 112
Orşova, town, 146
Ottoman Empire, 17, 29, 64, 66–67, 70, 87, 95. See also Ottomans. See also Turkey
Ottomans, 22, 45, 63, 67. See also Ottoman Empire
Palestine, 185
Panaitescu, P. N., 30, 45
Paris, 154
Pascul, a Gypsy, 80
Păun, Domnica I., 4
Pechenegs, 25
Peloponnese, 9, 69
Persia, 8, 11
Petru Rares¸, Prince of Moldavia, 43
Peyssonnel, Charles de, 46
Piatra Neamt, town, 117
Ploieşti, 161
Poenaru, Petrache, 110
Poiană, monastery, 14, 16
Poland, 8, 11, 17, 23, 35, 63, 65, 123–127, 181–183, 185
Poles, 16
Popp-Şerboianu, Calinic I., 154–156, 158–159
Portugal, 12
Porumbacu de Jos, village, 153
Poteca, Eufrosin, 97
Prague, 125
Prahova, county, 145–146 Prizren, monastery in Serbia, 9 Prut, 130–132 Pyrenees, 11
Racovit,ă, Mihail, Prince of Moldavia, 37
Rădăuţi, district, 130
Radu, antroponym, 83
Radu, Leonte, 96
Radul, a Gypsy, 81
Ragusa (Dubrovnik), 10, 68
Raicewich, I. St., 81
Rajkó, voivode of the Gypsies, 19
Rákóczi, György, I, Prince of Transylvania, 63
Răzvan – see Ştefan Răzvan
Recea, village, 42
Regensburg, 11
Regnault, Elias, 92
Reich – see Germany
Rila, monastery in Bulgaria, 10
Ritter, Robert, 166
rob, 34–35. See slaves
robie, 34 – see slavery
Roller, M., 84
Roma – see Gypsies
Rome, city, 11
Roman, bishop of ~, 35
Romanes, Romani, Romany language, Romany dialects, language of the Gypsies, 7–10, 19, 22–23, 56, 72–7 3, 90, 122, 124, 126–127, 132, 134– 136, 146, 148, 150–151, 157–158, 200, 212, 214, 217
Romanian Communist Party, 189–190, 195, 196
Romanian Plane, 25
Romanian Workers Party – see Romanian Comunist Party
Romanianisation, 56, 58, 132, 151–152,
218. See also assimilation “Romanianisation” (during the Second World War), 163, 167, 169, 174 Romanianised – see Romanianisation Rosetti-Rosnoveanu, Iordache, boyar, 137 rudari (sing. rudar), 33, 50, 82, 89, 121, 123–125, 129, 148–149, 189, 212 Ruland, Fritz, 183
Russia, 8, 11, 13, 17, 23, 66, 103, 123– 126, 129–132. See also Russian Empire. See also Kievan Rus
Russian Empire, 123, 125, 130, 132. See also Russia.
Russians, 16, 129 (Bukovina), 148 (Romania), 177 (Transnistria)
Russo, Alecu, 100
Ruthenians (Bukovina), 129–130. See also Ukrainians
Sadagura, district, 129
Sălaj, county, 147
Şant,, locality, 4
Saracens, 28
Satu Mare, bishop of ~,133; town, 62, 133
Saxons (Transylvania), 17, 45, 54, 132, 137.
See also Germans Saxony – see Lower Saxony Scandinavia, 8, 11, 17, 124
Scăieni, locality, 91
Schesaeus, Christian, 46
Sebes¸, town, 50
sedentarisation, 5, 20, 34, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53–54, 56, 59, 68–78, 90–91, 104, 108, 111, 113, 115–116, 121, 123, 128, 130–133, 135–136, 142, 150
sedentary lifestyle, sedentary way of life – see sedentarisation Şerban, boyar, 80
Serbia, 9, 18, 29, 67, 123–126, 127, 181
Şerboianu – see Popp- Şerboianu, Calinic I. Şercaia, village, 150, 154
Severin, land of ~, 13, 18 Siberia, 13
Sibiu, county, 146; town, 19, 44, 48, 60, 64
Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, King of Bohemia, 10–11, 43–44, 60
Silesia, 125 Şimand, locality, 82
Simion, Marin I., 156–157
Şinca, village, 81 slaves, 1–2, 14–19, 27–43, 45, 47–50, 52–58, 61–63, 66–67, 69, 79–80, slaves, (cont’d) 83, 87–113, 115, 117–122, 126–128, 130–131, 138–139. – boyar’s ~ – see private ~. – monastery ~, 31–34, 37–38, 48, 52, 54, 56, 61, 63, 88, 92, 94, 96, 104, 107, 109, 111. – princess’ ~, 32. – private ~, 31–34, 36–38, 40, 42, 48, 52–53, 57, 61, 63, 88–89, 92–94, 101, 104–107, 112, 130–131. – Slaves’ law, 35–36. – state slaves, 31–38, 40–41, 43, 48, 50, 52–53, 61–63, 68, 88–89, 93, 96, 103–106, 110–112, 130–131. See also Gypsies of the Crown; see also hetmans’ Gypsies. – See also Gypsies. See also slavery. See also Tatar ~.
slavery, 1–4, 15, 20, 27–43, 45, 52, 55–56, 65–67, 79, 87, 93, 97–113, 127–128, 131, 137. See also slaves
Slavonia, 123, 134. See also Croatia–Slavonia
Slavs, 28
Slovakia, 77, 122
Solca, district, 129
Solnoc-Dăbâca, county, 135
South Africa, 13, 124
South America, 13
Spain, 11–12, 66, 125
spoon-makers – see lingurari Stanciu Moenescul, boyar, 80
Stancu, Zaharia, 170–171
Stefan Dušan, Tsar of Serbia, 9, 18, 21
Ştefan Răzvan, Prince of Moldavia, 41
Stephen the Great, Prince of Moldavia, 17, 35
Stephen II, Prince of Moldavia, 35
Ştirbei, Barbu, Prince of Vallachia, 110
Storch, Henri, 100
Storojinet,, district, 129–130
Sturdza, Mihail, Prince of Moldavia, 108
Sturdza, Scarlat, governor of Bessarabia, 130
Suţu, Mihail, Prince of Moldavia, 60
Sweden, 11
Switzerland, 10
Szekler land, 20
Szeklers, 17, 20, 49, 54, 132, 137
Tamberlain – see Timur Lenk Târgu Frumos, town, 146
Târnava Mare, county, 135, 145, 147
Târnava Mică, county, 135, 145
Tatar slaves, 14–16, 27–29, 35–36
Tătărăi, toponym, 28
Tătăraşi, toponym, 28
Tatars, 12, 15–17, 21, 27–30, 58
(Dobrogea), 66–67.
See also Mongols. See also Tatar slaves tent – see tent-dwelling Gypsies tent-dwelling Gypsies, 14, 17, 33, 42, 44, 51–53, 58–59, 73, 76–77, 89–90, 113, 117, 132, 135, 152–153, 201.
See also nomads Thomas of Aiud (Enyed), voivode of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 62
Ţigan, nickname, 19 ,tigănărit (Gypsy tax), 37 Ţigani – see Gypsies. – ~căsaşi, 34. See vătraşi; – ~ de câmp, 34; – ~ de curte, 34. See vătraşi; – ~ de mătase, 212; – ~ de ogor, 34 ,tigănii (sing. ţigănie), Gypsy settlements, 54
Tighina, town, 171, 173
Timis¸, county, 135
Timis¸oara, citadel, 19; town, 76
Timur Lenk (Tamberlain), 14
Tismana, monastery, 13, 14, 18, 52
Todor, family name, 125
Toppeltinus, Laurentius, 20, 54
Thrace, 9
Transnistria, 153, 167–180, 182–185
Transylvania, 10, 14, 17–20, 23, 27, 35, 42–45, 48–51, 53–54, 58–60, 62–65, 69–78, 83, 93, 121–123, 125–127, 130, 132–137, 143–150, 159, 170, 184–185, 193
Tsigane – see Gypsies Tsoron, family name, 125
Tsoron, Milos, 125 Turkey, 11, 125, 127.
See also Otoman Empire
Turks – Ottoman Turks, 12; Seljuk Turks, 12; Turks (Dobrogea), 58, 173, 213
Ubicini, A., 94
Ucea de Jos, village, 150
UGRR – see General Union of the Roma in Romania
új magyarok – see “new Hungarians”
Ukraine, 123, 131–132, 171, 184
Ukrainians, 130 (Bukovina), 148 (Romania), 175–178 (Transnistria). See also Ruthenians United States of America, 98, 125.
See also America ursari (sing. ursar), bear-baiters, 33, 47, 59–60, 89, 124–125, 129, 148–149, 212
Urziceni, town, 146
USSR, 179
“vagrancy” – see nomadism
Vaillant, J.-A., 94
Vâlcea, county, 50, 146
Vallon, Peter, voivode of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 62
Vasile Lupu, Prince of Moldavia, 38; Pravila lui Vasile Lupu, 36
vătaf (plural, vătafi), Gypsy sheriff, 61–62, 64, 117, 154, 158; – ~ of the Gypsies (official), 105, 106
vătraşi (sing. vătraş), “hearth” (house) Gypsies, 34, 52, 56, 90, 108, 111– 112, 114, 118, 204
Venetians – see Venice
Venice, 9, 67
Vidin, in Bulgaria, 18
Vienna, 71, 74, 125, 129, 133
Vijniţa, district, 130
Vinţu de Sus, town, 135
Vişnevăţi, monastery, 14
Viştea de Jos, village, 14
Viştea de Sus, village, 14
Vlad, antroponym, 83
Vlad Dracul, Prince of Vallachia, 17
Vladislav, Gypsy voivode, 10, 43, 60
Vladislav I, Prince of Vallachia, 13, 18
Vladislav II, King of Hungary, 43
Vlax dialects, 124, 126.
See also Romanes
Vodiţa, monastery, 13, 18, 19
voievod – see voivode
voievodat – see voivodate
Voila, village, 80
voivode, voievod, (Gypsy head), 10, 19, 43–44, 59–60, 63–64, 71–73, 77, 83; – (official), the ~ of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 44, 62–63; the ~ of the Gypsies in the land of Făgăras¸, 62; – the “~ of the Gypsies of Romania”, 155, 158; the “~ of the Roma of Romania”, 156; the “great ~” of the Gypsies of Oltenia, 156–157; the “~ of the Gypsies of Oltenia”, 157; the “~ of the Gypsies” (in Romania), 158
voivodeship, voievodat, (office), the ~ of the gold-washing Gypsies, in Transylvania, 51; the ~ of the Gypsies of the land of Făgăras¸, 62; the ~ of the Gypsies of Transylvania, 44, 62–63.
Voivodina, 134 vornic (plural vornici), ~ of Gypsies (official), 61
Wallachia, 4, 10, 14, 17–23, 27–28, 30–31, 33–36, 39–43, 45–51, 55–56, 59–62, 64, 69, 87, 90, 94–97, 103–113, 115–116, 121–123, 126, 137–138.
See also Muntenia
Wavrin, Jehan of, 17
Wlislocki, Heinrich von, 58
Yugoslavia, 195
zapcii (officials), 61, 107
zavragii, 89 Ziganie, toponym in Braşov, 19
Znagoveanu, Ioasaf, 110
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