Table des matières

Jean-Pierre Brun, Thomas Faucher, Bérangère Redon et al.

Introduction

Laure Pantalacci

Coptos, Gate to the Eastern Desert

• A city connected to the desert and the Red Sea
• The Hellenistic presence in Coptos
• The Romans in Coptos
• The beginnings of the Principate
• Coptos in the second and third centuries AD

Bérangère Redon

The Control of the Eastern Desert by the Ptolemies: New Archaeological Data

• Surveys and excavations of the French mission in Samut
• Samut North and gold mining in the Eastern Desert under Ptolemy, son of Lagos
• Bi'r Samut and the development of the desert roads under Ptolemy II and III
• Conclusion

Thomas Faucher

Ptolemaic Gold: the Exploitation of Gold in the Eastern Desert

• Geological, geographical and chronological context
• The forms of exploitation of gold quartz in the Eastern Desert
• The production of gold
• Quantification and Provenance Studies of Egyptian Gold
• Dissemination of the gold of the Eastern Desert
• Conclusion

Hélène Cuvigny

A Survey of Place-Names in the Egyptian Eastern Desert during the Principate according to the Ostraca and the Inscriptions

• I. The Administrative districts of the Eastern Desert under the Early Roman Empire
• II. Analytical classification of Greek and Latin toponyms
• III. Metalla
• 1. A ghost: the complex toponym “Mons Porphyrites”
• 2. Toponyms from materials. A pearl fishery in the Red Sea
• 3. Metalla in the area of Umm Balad
• A. Δομιτιανή vs Καινὴ Λατομία
• B. Small metalla listed in the area of Umm Balad, orphan toponyms
• IV. Latomiai: quarry names of Mons Claudianus
• 1. Inventory
• Πλωτίνα (Hadrian?)
• 2. Conclusion on the toponomy of quarries
• 3. On the fringe of quarries: krepides and kopai
• V. Forts and fortlets (praesidia)
• 1. The toponyms on the amphora of the Barbarians (O.Krok. I 87)
• 2. Praesidia on the route to Myos Hormos
• 3. Praesidia on the road to Berenike
• 4. Praesidia surrounding Mons Claudianus
• 5. Praesidia surrounding Umm Balad
• A. The field data
• 6. Conclusion on the toponymy of the praesidia
• VI. Wells (hydreumata)
• Conclusion on the toponymy of wells
• VII. Roads
• VIII. Ports of the Red Sea
• 1. Berenike, Berenicis and Mons Berenicidis
• 2. Origin of the toponym Myos Hormos
• 3. Philotera, Philoteris and the Philoterion
• IX. Unidentified topographic features
• X. Conclusion
• 1. Place and preterition of the generic element
• 2. The use of the article
• 3. The toponymic program of the Romans in the Eastern Desert

Jean-Pierre Brun

Chronology of the Forts of the Routes to Myos Hormos and Berenike during the Graeco-Roman Period

• Under the Ptolemies
• The situation during the Julio-Claudian dynasty
• During the Flavian and the Antonine periods
• During the Severan dynasty
• From Gallienus to Zenobia
• Under Diocletian and his successors
• Late Antiquity

Michel Reddé

The Fortlets of the Eastern Desert of Egypt

• The plan
• Internal improvements
• Wells and cisterns
• The baths
• Maximianon
• Didymoi
• Dios / Iovis
• Xeron Pelagos
• The praetorium
• The barracks
• The aedes
• Dios/Iovis
• Didymoi
• Xeron Pelagos
• Conclusion

Adam Bülow-Jacobsen

Quarries with Subtitles

Wilfried Van Rengen

Some Topographical Problems around Myos Hormos: Philotera-Philoteris

Irene Bragantini, Giulio Lucarini, Andrea Manzo et al.

The Italian Archaeological Mission in the Eastern Desert: First Results from the Area of Wâdi Gasus

• Scope and goals of the project
• The 'Graeco-Roman Station'
• Religious activity in the area
• The ‘saggars’
• Middle Kingdom and Nubian Pottery from the 'Graeco-Roman Station'
• Final remarks
• Gold mining site
• Recent human activities in the area
• Diachronic human activity along the wâdis: from the Middle Stone Age to the Classical period
• Site of the ‘Graeco-Roman Station’
• Survey - Wâdi Gasus, Wâdi Gawasis, Wâdi Safaga, Wâdi Wasif
• The Pharaonic inscriptions of Wâdi Gasus in context
• First group of Pharaonic inscriptions: the Middle Kingdom “stelae”
• Second group of Pharaonic inscriptions: a Pharaonic “Paneion”?
• Third group of Pharaonic inscriptions: area of the lead mine

Martine Leguilloux

The Exploitation of Animals in the Roman Praesidia on the Routes to Myos Hormos and to Berenike: on Food, Transport and Craftsmanship

• 1. Archaeological contexts
• 1.1. Way stations
• 1.2. Quarries sites
• 1.3. Ports
• 2. Provisioning the Eastern Desert
• 2.1. Meat in the diet
• 2.2 Species and pieces consumed
• 2.2.1. Way stations
• The consumed species
• Meat selection
• 2.2.2. The quarries
• 2.2.3. The ports
• 3. Managing shortages: self supply (hunting and fishing) and local livestock
• 3.1. Marine fauna
• 3.2. Game
• 3.3. Attempts at local farming: pig sties
• 3.4. Local crafts and exploitation of animal raw materials
• 4. Food as a cultural marker
• Food Evolution from the Ptolemaic period to the Late Roman period

Marijke Van der Veen, Charlène Bouchaud, René Cappers et al.

Roman Life in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Food, Imperial Power and Geopolitics

• Introduction
• Background
• The botanical evidence
• Preservation
• What did they eat?
• Access to luxuries
• Vegetable gardens
• Animal fodder
• Indian trade: pepper and other exotics
• Changing worlds
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgements

Charlène Bouchaud, Claire Newton, Marijke Van der Veen et al.

Fuelwood and Wood Supplies in the Eastern Desert of Egypt during Roman Times

• Introduction
• The data
• Study of wood and charcoal
• State of the art in the Eastern Desert of Egypt
• Selection and quantification of samples
• Uses
• Woodworking
• Everyday objects
• Domestic architecture
• Maritime equipment
• Wood shavings and chips
• Fuel
• Local gathering
• Fuel imports from the Nile Valley
• Recycling timber
• Economic and environmental dynamics
• Species selection
• The worked wood
• Fuel in an artisanal context and charcoal making
• Comparisons between sites: site functions and the regional economy
• Chronological dynamics
• The exploitation of wood resources in the longue durée and the uniqueness of the Roman period
• The use of cedar in Roman times
• A scarcity of resources?
• Summary and conclusion
• Aknowledgements

Lise Bender Jørgensen

Textiles from Mons Claudianus, ‘Abu Sha’ar and other Roman Sites in the Eastern Desert.

• Mons Claudianus
• Fibres, yarns and weaves
• Textures, terms and reconstructions
• Identification of items of clothing and soft furnishings
• ‘Abu Sha’ar
• Fibres, yarns and weaves
• Comparing ‘Abu Sha’ar and Mons Claudianus
• Comparing sites from the Eastern Desert
• Rags and riches
• Acknowledgements

Felicity Wild et John Peter Wild

Textile Contrasts at Berenike

• Acknowledgements

Pascale Ballet

Pottery from the Wâdi al-Hammâmât. Contexts and Chronology (Excavations of the Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1987-1989)

Roberta Tomber

Quarries, Ports and Praesidia: Supply and Exchange in the Eastern Desert

• Introduction
• The construction of a dated typology for the Eastern Desert: key deposits
• Mons Claudianus (Conducted by the Institut français d’archéologie orientale under the direction of J. Bingen, 1987-1993)
• Porphyrites (Conducted by the Universities of Southampton and Exeter under the direction of D.P.S. Peacock and V.A. Maxfield, 1994-1998)
• Myos Hormos/Qusayr al-Qadim (Conducted by the University of Southampton under the direction of D.P.S. Peacock and L. Blue, 1999-2003)
• Berenike (Conducted by the Universities of Delaware, Leiden, UCLA and Warsaw/Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology under the direction of S. Sidebotham, W. Wendrich and I. Zych, 1994-2015)
• A selection of key ceramic markers for the Eastern Desert
• Assemblage comparison
• Desert routes and desert supplies
• Acknowledgements

Dr. Lucy Blue

Port of Myos Hormos and its Relations to Indo-Roman Trade

Steven E. Sidebotham

Overview of Fieldwork at Berenike 1994-2015

• 1. Hydraulic installations
• 1.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 2)
• 1.2. Roman (Fig. 3)
• 2. Military presence
• 2.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 4)
• 2.2. Roman (Fig. 5)
• 3. Religious structures/other evidence
• 3.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 6)
• 3.2. Roman (Fig. 7)
• 4. Funerary remains
• 4.1. Roman (Fig. 8)
• 4.2. Unknown date (Fig. 9)
• 5. Industrial/commercial activities
• 5.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 10)
• 5.2. Roman (Fig. 11)
• 6. Residential structures
• 6.1. Ptolemaic
• 6.2. Roman (Fig. 12)
• 7. Maritime activities
• 7.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 13)
• 7.2. Roman (Fig. 14)
• 8. Evidence for food procurement/storage
• 8.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 15)
• 8.2. Roman (Fig. 16)
• 9. Trash dumps
• 9.1. Ptolemaic (Fig. 17)
• 9.2. Roman (Fig. 18)
• 10. Animal burials
• 10.1 Roman (Fig. 19)
• Conclusion

Martin Hense

The Great Temple of Berenike

• Introduction
• Early research in the temple
• Berenike project
• Excavation of room 3
• The test trench BE11-79
• Trench BE15-112
• Trench BE15-111
• Ceiling decoration
• Date of the temple
• Middle Kingdom stela fragments
• Chronology
• Conclusion

Rodney Ast

Berenike in Light of Inscriptions, Ostraca, and Papyri

Carol Meyer

Bi’r Umm Fawâkhir: Gold Mining in Byzantine Times in the Eastern Desert

Jean Gascou

Documentary and Literary News on Clysma

• I- P.Oxy. XVI 1905 (Clysma during the 4^th century AD)
• II- SB V 7756 and the nautai of India
• III- Other sources on Byzantine Clysma
• Bruyère’s finds
• Edict of Arabia
• Anastasius Sinaita

Jean-Luc Fournet

The Eastern Desert in Late Antiquity

• 1. Eremitic monasticism
• 2. Saracens, Blemmyes and other travellers
• 3. Exploitation of natural resources