Table des matières
Michel Adam
AcknowledgementsMichel Adam
From the Trading-Post Indians to the Indian-Africans- Brief background on immigration
- Population overview: mobility and identities
- General characteristics of the Indian diaspora in East Africa
- African Indians – Minorities without concessions?
- Desire to retain and affirm cultures of origin
- Partial survival of the community and class division of labour
- Indian-African businesses
- Maintaining community self-segregation
- Poor social and political integration
- Unclear relations with India
- Uncertain future for the middle class
- Challenges and future of integration
Michel Adam
Panorama of Socio-Religious CommunitiesLaurent Nowik
East African Indians: How Many Are They?- Introduction
- Indian Tanzanians
- The Indian community in Tanganyika according to the initial enumeration exercises
- Origins of immigration
- After WWI
- Structure of the Indian population
- Social and professional distribution
- Changes in Indian population between 1938 and 1948
- The Indian community in Tanganyika as Trust Territory under the United Nations (1947-1961) up to the first census during post-independent Tanzania (1967)
- Some data on migration
- Evolution in number and age structures
- Religious belonging among Indian communities in Tanganyika
- Geographical distribution of people of Indian origin
- Where is the Tanzanian Indian population today?
- Indian diaspora in Kenya
- Kenya’s Indian population in retrospect
- Kenya’s Independence
- Contemporary Indian population in Kenya
- Three quarters of Indians still concentrated in Nairobi and Mombasa in 1999
- Places of birth of Indians living in Kenya
- Indian populations in urban centres
- Socio-demographic characteristics of Indian population are distinct from African population
- Fertility rates
- Household Structures
- Remarkable age structure
- Level of education is much higher among “Asians” than in the Kenyan population
- What are the latest changes in the Indian population in Kenya?
- Positive migratory balance among young adults despite demographic ageing
- Increase in number of “Indians” at the expense of “Asian Kenyans”
- “Asian Kenyans” and “Indians”
- Indians in Uganda
- Indian presence in Uganda up to 1972
- Indians and British in Uganda
- Migration of Indians in Uganda and age structures
- Like in Kenya, Indian settlers in Uganda opted for towns
- Changes in the Indian Population since 1972
- Lessons from the 1991 Census
- “Returnees” or fresh migration?
- Urban base, and high social and professional positions
- From the 1991 data to those of 2001
- Indian diaspora in Uganda in 2001
- Living in Uganda and foreign place of birth
- The strengthening of socio-economic positions at the top of the hierarchy
- Conclusion
Michel Adam
Family, Family Life and Marriage among Indian Communities in East Africa- The initial family model in north-western India
- Family life outside the joint family
- Raising young children
- Preparations for marriage: Relationships between young people and cultural orientation
- The rules of traditional marriage
- What are the qualities of a good (future) spouse?
- Search for (the right) spouses
- Settling marriages: Matrimonial compensation, engagements, wedding ceremonies
- Traditional Hindu wedding in Nairobi
- A Modern Ismaili wedding in Nairobi
- Future of married couples
Colette Le Cour Grandmaison
Nizarite Ismailis in Kenya- The three schisms
- Spaces conquered by Ismailism
- Ismailis in India
- Messages from the Aga Khans
- Constitutions and present of organisation
- The jamatkhana organization and the 1986 constitution
- Governance, community life, voluntary work: Kenya’s example
- Social positions and matrimonial strategies in Kenya
- Social and community life
- Community policy
- Education and health policy
- Cultural work
- Be adventurous: Boom in economic activities
- Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development
- Conclusion
Nathalie Gomes
Bohras in East Africa: Orthodoxy and ReformismGidraph G. Wairire
Merchants and Industrialists of Indo-Pakistani Origin in Kenya: A Sociological Overview- An overview of the share taken by Asian Kenyans in Kenya’s industrial activities
- Main locations of industrial and commercial activities
- Presentation of the research sample
- Origin and transfer of industrial and commercial property
- Marriage, inheritance and business
- Religion and professional activity
- Recruitment and allocation of duties in the firm
- Financing of firms
- Other forms of cooperation between firms
- Some challenges facing communities of Indian origin in Kenya
Barbara Morovich
Living Apart Together: Economic and Spatial Logic of Indian Communities in Nakuru (Kenya)- An overview of various communities: The Hindus
- Composition of the groups affiliated to the Hindu Council of Nakuru
- Statutory Hindu groups (gnati)
- The Patels
- The Lohanas
- The Prajapatis
- The Brahmas
- The Vanza (or Wanza)
- The Rajputs
- The Arya Samaj (reformed Hindus)
- The Jains
- The Sikhs
- The Cutchi Gujarati Hindu Union and the Kutchi community
- The South Indian community
- The Muslims
- The Ismaili
- The Bohra
- The Ithnasheri
- The Sunni
- Professional diversification and social development
- Business and prestige: The path of an Asian Kenyan family
- Matrimonial alliances
- Associations
- Temptation of a fresh departure
- Conclusion
Godfrey B. Asiimwe
Migrations and Identity of Indian-Pakistani Minorities in Uganda- Indian heritage in Uganda
- The Indian success
- Relations between Indians and Africans during the colonial period
- Indians and politics at Independence
- Expulsion and the return of Indians
- Resettlement of Indians
- Perception of Indian newcomers and returnees about Uganda
- Social and religious organisation among Ugandan Indians
- Indian residential pattern in Uganda
- Indians in social and political arenas
- Conclusion
Simeon Mesaki et Fatima G. Bapumia
The Minorities of Indian Origin in TanzaniaMarie-Aude Fouéré
“Indians are Exploiters and Africans Idlers!”Identity formation and socio-economic conditions in Tanzania
- The differential constitution of identities, statuses and socio-economic positions
- From migrating merchants to ‘internal aliens’
- The Indian minority and indigenous Africans
- Indispensable foreigners or internal enemies?
- Internal enemies during the European colonisation
- African excesses against Indian targets
- Emergence of common interests against colonial power
- The politics and economics of independent Tanzania
- ‘African socialism’ times (1967-1985)
- Identities, economic liberalisation and indigenisation (1985-2005)
- Being Indo-Tanzanian and African-Tanzanian in Dar es Salaam today
- Cultivating a sense of Indian belonging
- Stereotypes, construction of the Other and self-construction
- A Case Study: Indians and Africans in Aga Khan’s Ismaili schools
- Conclusion
Michel Adam
Indians and Others: Worlds Unknown to Each Other—Extracts of reports from the Kenyan pressMichel Adam
Portraits and Fragments of Life Histories in Kenya- Portrait of Farooq R., Sunni Punjabi, owner of a car rental company in Nairobi
- Portrait of Sultan D., an Ismaili manufacturer in Nairobi
- Portrait of Chabir H., orthodox Shia Bohra, restaurant owner in Mombasa
- Portrait of Murtaza A., reformed Shia Bohra, antique dealer in Mombasa
- Premchand K., Jain Navnat, importer and wholesaler in Mombasa
- Portrait of Mohamed J., Ithnasheri Shia, a shipping broker in Mombasa
- Portrait of Hassan V., an Ithnasheri Shia, a farmer in Mombasa
- Portrait of Issa K., a Cutchi Kumbhar Sunni Muslim and printer in Mombasa
- Portrait of Yusuf S., Punjabi Sunni Muslim, butcher in Nairobi
- Portrait of T. S. Singh, Ramgarhia Sikh, public works contractor in N.
- Portrait of Mullah H., orthodox Shia Bohra, businessman in N. with interests in hardware, locks, glassware and sanitary equipment
- Portrait of Karim C., Punjabi Sunni Muslim, antiques and African handicraft dealer in Nairobi
- Portrait of Zarina K., orthodox Shia Bohra, a secondary school teacher in Mombasa
- Portrait of Benazir C., Memon Sunni Muslim, foodstuff shopkeeper (dukawallah) in N.
- Portrait of Shahshi S., Oshwal Jain, a secondary school teacher in Nairobi
- Portrait of Chandni S., Oshwal Jain, a secondary school teacher
- Portrait of Naushad Merali, Shia Ithnasheri, industrialist and chairman of Sameer Investments Ltd.
- Portrait of Manu Chandaria, Jain, industrialist
- Portrait of Alibhai M. Jeevanjee (1856-1939), journalist and businessman, Shia Bohra entrepreneur