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  • Guidelines for Authors [EN]
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    Informations

    About Africae | À propos Editorial Team | Comité éditorial Series | Collections Forthcoming Books | Livres à paraître Review Process and publishing | Sélection des manuscrits et publication Guidelines for Authors [EN] Instructions aux auteur·rices [FR] Credits | Crédits Contact us | Contacts

    Guidelines for Authors [EN]

    Download this document in PDF format here (175 Kb): https://api.nakala.fr/data/10.34847/nkl.b0ca5pq7/ae9309a538004f5246f54068be4cfa4a025ac9b8

    Conditions for consideration for publication

    Manuscripts submitted should be sent to: africae@services.cnrs.fr.

    They must include the title of the article, name of the author(s), abstract, the integral text of manuscript and bibliographical references.

    A submitted manuscript must be a personal work.

    Texts accepted for consideration for publication

    The manuscripts considered by the Editorial Board are proposals for academic monographs articles or edited volumes in all areas of human and social sciences, literature and archaeology, relating to research on African regions.

    Open access

    Authors must understand that the texts published by Africae are open access (full open access or Freemium open access, immediate or delayed).

    Language(s)

    Manuscripts can be submitted in French, English or Portuguese. The Editorial Board can also consider manuscripts written in a language used in the geographical area concerned by the study, on the condition that an abstract in one of the three languages mentioned above is provided.

    Declaration of professional affiliations

    The author’s affiliation to a research institution and/or their academic title are not required for the consideration for publication but should be mentioned only if applicable.

    The job title, organization or company of which the authors are a member or employee must also be mentioned. If the author is a student, they must mention their educational institution.

    Conflict of interest

    The authors are requested to disclose any conflict of interest relating to the submitted publication.

    Pre-publication in an open archive / by self-publishing / via a third-party publisher

    Authors have the right to submit the proposed version to an open institutional archive or to a self-publishing space. This could be done prior to submission to the publisher, at any time of the review process or after the publication. The Editorial Board will not be able to refuse a text on the grounds of prior self-archiving, but the publisher must nevertheless be informed of this.

    Authors must explicitly indicate whether the manuscript has been published by a third-party publisher, in an identical or similar version, in the same or different language. The Editorial Board reserves the right to refuse the proposal on the grounds of this information.

    If re-publication is justified (on the grounds of unavailability of the original publication or its translation) and if it is legally possible, the publisher will indicate any previous existence of the text.

    Reproduction authorisations

    The authors understand that the purpose of the pulisher is to provide free consultation and, wherever possible, the reuse of the primary data and materials presented in the books or associated with it.

    In all cases, authors must have searched for the legal requirements for reproducing all texts, images, other materials and data included in the manuscript or published in association with the work (see ‘Preparation and presentation of materials, primary documents and data associated with the publication’).

    The Africae editors will judge the legal, ethical and technical feasibility of reproducing the materials.

    The editorial team may assist authors in the process of obtaining permission for reproducing documents. Nevertheless, they will not fund any reproduction right or digital hosting fees.

    Presentation of the manuscript

    Manuscripts are accepted in DOC, DOCX, RTF, or ODT format.

    Introduction section

    Title, Author, Job Title

    The title and subtitle of the manuscript (if any) must be followed by the full name of the author(s).

    Their job title, their institutional affiliation (if any), their university degree (if any), as well as their email address(es) should be indicated after their name.

    Text composition

    The body of the text should be presented in “Normal” or “Standard” style. The font size must be 10-13 points. The document must contain the margins of at least 2 cm.

    Headings must be presented in the software’s native heading styles (Title 1/Heading 1, Title 2 / Heading 2, etc.).

    Footnotes must be inserted automatically, and references must be provided.

    Titles, headings, name(s) of the author(s) of the article, proper names cited in the article must start with a capital letter but should not be written entirely in capital letters.

    For quotations, use the Quote / Quotation style of your word processor.

    Please avoid character styles.

    Avoid tabs within the body text or in notes.

    Figures, tables and databases

    Illustrations in the text (photos, images, maps, graphs...) always have a title. They should be credited. If the author of the article is the producer of the image, indicate “(Author)” as a credit. A caption can be added, different from the title.

    Figures should be inserted in the text. They should also be provided as separate files with a minimum of 300 DPI and a minimum width of 1,000 pixels.

    Copyrights: Authors need to inform the journal of the copyright holder and of article reproduction authorizations if the image is not free to reuse.

    For graphs and figures based on numerical data, authors may attach the data used to create them (in XLS or CSV format, for example).

    Tables should be created in the text and not inserted as images. They should have a title and a source. For complex tables, authors must attach the ordered data in a separate file in CSV, XLS, XLSX, or ODS format.

    The databases must be attached in a standard open format, for instance, CSV or XML.

    Unicode and special characters

    The set of characters in the file must comply with the Unicode standard. Use the classic fonts of your word processor, which are fonts based on the Unicode standard (Times New Roman, Arial, Verdana, Calibri, etc.) (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_font). Do not use fonts that do not comply with this standard for non-Latin scripts or transliterations with diacritical characters. To compose non-Latin text or text with transliteration diacritics (from Arabic, for example), use an extended Unicode font, such as Code2000 (https://fonts2u.com/code2000.font) and/or a document template for typesetting complex characters in Unicode, such as Uniqoder - available here:

    • Windows user: http://www.maisondesrevues.org/200?file=1.

    • Mac OS user: http://www.maisondesrevues.org/201?file=1

    Spelling and typographical standards

    English

    The ortho-typographical rules recommended by the Oxford English Dictionary or the Chicago Manuel of Style are accepted.

    The application of inclusive writing standards is accepted.

    French

    Authors must comply with the usual ortho-typographic standards.

    However, compliance with the spelling corrections of 1990 is accepted (see: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifications_orthographiques_du_fran%C3%A7ais_en_1990).

    The application of inclusive writing standards is also accepted, especially according to the Manual of Inclusive Writing (Manuel d’écriture inclusive) (see: https://www.ecriture-inclusive.fr).

    The applied standards should be consistent throughout the article. The Editorial Board may provide guidance to the author on the inclusive writing in their article upon request.

    Portuguese

    The publisher accepts texts drafted according to the rules of the Spelling Agreement of the Portuguese language of 1990 (Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990) or according to the European spelling prior to (Spelling Agreement of 1945).

    Inclusive writing is accepted in Portuguese.

    Bibliographical references

    The bibliography must be presented at the end of the article. The references must be arranged in alphabetical order according to authors’ names and then by date of publication in descending order. Publications by the same author and of the same year should be distinguished by an index attached to the year, as follows: 2008a, 2008b, 2008c.

    It is recommended to export the bibliographic citations into a file in BibTeX, RIS, Zotero RDF formats.

    Citation standards

    The publisher adopts the citation standards of the Chicago Manual of Style, or Author-Date1 style. An excerpt for the English language is available on this page:

    https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-2.html

    These Chicago citation standards are similar to French and Lusophone manuscripts in terms of:

    • quotation marks. In French, use angular quotation marks (« ») when citing a primary source, and English quotation marks (“ ”) for a secondary source (quotation within a quotation);

    • linking words, identifying terms and other notes that are not part of the titles. For instance, in a French-language article, use “dir.” rather than “eds,” “traduit par...” rather than “translated by,” “et” rather than “and”, etc.;

    • dates (“juillet 2010” rather than “July 2010” or “5 mai 2010” rather than “May 5, 2010”);

    • the names of the publishing centres must be written in the language of the article (e.g. “Londres” rather than “London” in a French-language article).

    Bibliographies generated with Zotero are accepted if they are presented in a Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date format adapted to the language of the article. A French version of the Zotero module for the Chicago style can be found here: https://www.zotero.org/styles?q=chicago-author-date

    Application of linguistic rules

    The main language of the article defines the linguistic rule that applies to all the references. Thus, the reference of this French-language article included in an English-language article must be presented as follows:

    Piron, Florence, Antonin Benoît Diouf, and Zakari Lire. 2017. “Le libre accès vu d’Afrique francophone subsaharienne.” Revue française des sciences de l’information et de la communication, no. 11 (August). https://doi.org/10.4000/rfsic.3292

    Similarly, a reference from an English-language article included in a French-language article must be presented as follows:

    Irikefe, Vivienne, Gayathri Vaidyanathan, et Richard Monastersky. 2011 « Science in Africa: The View from the Front Line. » Nature News 474, no. 7353: 556–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/474556a.

    Citation of online resources and Web archiving

    Citation of documents by persistent identifiers (DOI, Handle)

    When a content is available on the web and has a persistent identifier, DOI, Handle, Ark, etc.—often a scientific article or a document deposited in a digital repository—, author should cite this identifier in its web resolvable form (URL), for example http://doi.org/.... Or http://..../handle/... .

    Example:

    Smith, Daniel Jordan. 2021. “The Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Nigeria: paradoxes of corruption and inequality.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 59, no. 1: 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X2000066X

    Mokaya, Julius K. 2020. “Influence of Commercial Interests in Editorial Independence: a Study of the Kenyan Print Media.” PhD Thesis. Nairobi: University of Nairobi. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/154665

    Citing web content

    Citing a web page is not just a matter of referring to a web link. A web page must be cited systematically by:

    • The title of the page;

    • The title of the site;

    • If it is available, the author of the content of the page;

    • If it is available, the date of the page content.

    Example: for http://vision2030.go.ke/towards-2030/

    “Towards 2030.” n.d. Kenya Vision 2030. URL: http://vision2030.go.ke/towards-2030/

    Or for: https://nation.africa/kenya/business/enterprise/bought-my-first-safaricom-centum-shares-as-a-teen--3479730

    Rotich, Kevin. 2021. “I bought my first Safaricom, Centum shares as a teenager.” Daily Nation, July 20. URL: https://nation.africa/kenya/business/enterprise/bought-my-first-safaricom-centum-shares-as-a-teen--3479730

    Archiving of web content

    Except for website publishers implementing clear policies for preserving their online content and long-term accessibility, the average availability of a web page over time is very low. The average lifespan of a web page is from 100 days to three years2. Several studies show that the majority of web content cited in scientific studies and publications cannot be found or has disappeared after a few years (after 5 years, generally 60 to 70% of web resources are inaccessible).

    It is imperative to archive the links you cite3.

    This can be done most safely through the Internet Archive services:

    • Save an archive of the page at the time you consult it, with: https://web.archive.org/save

    • Or use the Wayback Machine add-on for Firefox: https://addons.mozilla.org/fr/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/

    • Or the Chrome add-on:
      https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak

    After saving, cite the resource completely as follows:

    Rotich, Kevin. 2021. “I bought my first Safaricom, Centum shares as a teen.” Daily Nation, July 20. URL: https://nation.africa/kenya/business/enterprise/bought-my-first-safaricom-centum-shares-as-a-teen--3479730 [archive].

    The word “archive” here is associated with the hyperlink: https://web.archive.org/web/20210720104646/https://nation.africa/kenya/business/enterprise/bought-my-first-safaricom-centum-shares-as-a-teen--3479730

    Or:

    “Towards 2030.” n.d. Kenya Vision 2030. URL: http://vision2030.go.ke/towards-2030/ [archive].

    Archived version:
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210412142846/https://vision2030.go.ke/towards-2030/

    Preparation and presentation of primary materials and documents, and dataset linked to the publication

    Africae encourages the digital preservation, on structured data platforms, and the open publication—as far as legally and ethically possible—of primary data and documents from research on Africa. They may be presented in the form of writings, images, maps, videos, audio recordings, or numerical data ordered in tables.

    Material identification

    Authors are required to:

    • Accompany the proposals with the digital reproduction of these materials, together with their titles, citations and captions, if any;

    • Mention the exact location of the primary sources if they were consulted within institutions (archives, libraries, documentation centers, governmental or non-governmental organizations...). These materials can be presented in physical or digital form together with their reference;

    • Provide accurate quotes if the materials are available in digital format in open access repositories that can be cited using a common citation format.

    Sharing the material

    Materials proposed for publication should be submitted as separate digital files. The names of the different files in the manuscript or appendix and their identification (number, title, caption) should match clearly.

    The files may be sent by e-mail, or saved in a permanent online folder shared with the journal’s editors.

    The editorial team and authors may also consider other modes of transfer (e.g., on various digital storage media, or through the transmission of paper originals).

    Material format, quality, and transcription

    Digital materials submitted should be in open file formats suitable for data storage. See here a list of open file formats: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open_file_formats.

    Wherever possible, the quality of the digital re-production (image resolution, sound) need to be of high quality and suitable for academic publication.

    The images should be at least 300 DPI and of sufficient size (of least 500 px in width).

    Text images must be legible, either scanned or presented as vertical photographs with sufficient lightning.

    Texts reproduced in images and words obtained from audio or audiovisual sources need to be accompanied by a full or partial transcript.

    Notes de bas de page

    1The principle of an Author-Date Style is that references are always presented in the text in brackets, as follows:
    — For one author: (Author Year: reference pages);
    — For two authors: (Author1 and Author2 Year: reference pages);
    — For two different references in the same bracket: (Author1 Year1: pages; Author2a and Author2b Year2: pages).

    This Author-Date reference may appear as a footnote to complete the information. The complete bibliographical references are only presented as bibliographical references at the end of the article. These references always begin with the name(s) of the author(s), or the title of the article if there is no identified author, followed by the reference year, or the indication “n.d.” if the date is not known.

    2See: Mike Ashenfelder, “The Average Lifespan of a Webpage» (The Signal: Digital Happenings at the Library of Congress, November 8, 2011): https://blogs.loc.gov/thesignal/2011/11/the-average-lifespan-of-a-webpage/ [archive]; Andy Crestodina, “What is the Average Website Lifespan? 10 Factors In Website Longevity” (Orbit Media Studios, s.d.): https://web.archive.org/web/20240702054459/https://www.orbitmedia.com/blog/website-lifespan-and-you/.

    3See: Michele C. Weigle, “On the Importance of Web Archiving” (Items – Insights from the Social Sciences, September 19, 2018), https://items.ssrc.org/parameters/on-the-importance-of-web-archiving/ [archive].

    1The principle of an Author-Date Style is that references are always presented in the text in brackets, as follows:
    — For one author: (Author Year: reference pages);
    — For two authors: (Author1 and Author2 Year: reference pages);
    — For two different references in the same bracket: (Author1 Year1: pages; Author2a and Author2b Year2: pages).

    This Author-Date reference may appear as a footnote to complete the information. The complete bibliographical references are only presented as bibliographical references at the end of the article. These references always begin with the name(s) of the author(s), or the title of the article if there is no identified author, followed by the reference year, or the indication “n.d.” if the date is not known.

    2See: Mike Ashenfelder, “The Average Lifespan of a Webpage» (The Signal: Digital Happenings at the Library of Congress, November 8, 2011): https://blogs.loc.gov/thesignal/2011/11/the-average-lifespan-of-a-webpage/ [archive]; Andy Crestodina, “What is the Average Website Lifespan? 10 Factors In Website Longevity” (Orbit Media Studios, s.d.): https://web.archive.org/web/20240702054459/https://www.orbitmedia.com/blog/website-lifespan-and-you/.

    3See: Michele C. Weigle, “On the Importance of Web Archiving” (Items – Insights from the Social Sciences, September 19, 2018), https://items.ssrc.org/parameters/on-the-importance-of-web-archiving/ [archive].

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