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    Plan détaillé Texte intégral 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 From Nouns to Verbs Abstractness 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusions Bibliographie Notes de bas de page Auteurs

    Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2018

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    Table des matières

    Conceptual Abstractness: from Nouns to Verbs

    Davide Colla, Enrico Mensa, Aureliano Porporato et Daniele P. Radicioni

    p. 137-142

    Résumés

    Investigating lexical access, representation and processing involves dealing with conceptual abstractness: abstract concepts are known to be more quickly and easily delivered in human communications than abstract meanings (Binder et al., 2005). Although these aspects have long been left unexplored, they are relevant: abstract terms are widespread in ordinary language, as they contribute to the realisation of various sorts of figurative language (metaphors, metonymies, hyperboles, etc.). Abstractness is therefore an issue for computational linguistics, as well. In this paper we illustrate how to characterise verbs with abstractness information. We provide an experimental evaluation of the presented approach on the largest existing corpus annotated with abstraction scores: our results exhibit good correlation with human ratings, and point out some open issues that will be addressed in future work.

    In questo lavoro presentiamo il tema dell’astrattezza come una caratteristica diffusa del linguaggio, e un nodo cruciale nell’elaborazione automatica del linguaggio. In particolare illustriamo un metodo per la stima dell’astrattezza che caratterizza i verbi a partire dalla composizione dei punteggi di astrattezza degli argomenti dei verbi utilizzando la risorsa Abs-COVER.

    Texte intégral 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 From Nouns to Verbs Abstractness 3.1 Annotation of Nouns in Abs-COVER 3.2 Annotation of Verbs 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusions Bibliographie Notes de bas de page Auteurs

    Texte intégral

    Bibliographie

    Marco Baroni, Silvia Bernardini, Adriano Ferraresi, and Eros Zanchetta. 2009. The WaCky wide web: a collection of very large linguistically processed web-crawled corpora. Language Resources and Evaluation, 43(3):209–226.

    Dominik Benz, Christian Körner, Andreas Hotho, Gerd Stumme, and Markus Strohmaier. 2011. One tag to bind them all: Measuring term abstractness in social metadata. In Extended Semantic Web Conference, pages 360–374. Springer.

    Jeffrey R Binder, Chris F Westbury, Kristen A McKiernan, Edward T Possing, and David A Medler. 2005. Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 17(6):905–917.

    Marianna Bolognesi and Gerard Steen. 2018. Editors’ introduction: Abstract concepts: Structure, processing, and modeling. Topics in cognitive science.

    Marc Brysbaert, Amy Beth Warriner, and Victor Kuperman. 2014. Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known english word lemmas. Behavior research methods, 46(3):904–911.

    Mark A Changizi. 2008. Economically organized hierarchies in wordnet and the oxford english dictionary. Cognitive Systems Research, 9:214–228.

    Davide Colla, Enrico Mensa, Daniele P. Radicioni, and Antonio Lieto. 2018. Tell Me Why: Computational Explanation of Conceptual Similarity Judgments. In Procs. of the 17th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU), Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Cham. Springer.

    Max Coltheart. 1981. The MRC psycholinguistic database. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 33(4):497–505.

    Leo Ghignone, Antonio Lieto, and Daniele P. Radicioni. 2013. Typicality-Based Inference by Plugging Conceptual Spaces Into Ontologies. In Antonio Lieto and Marco Cruciani, editors, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition. CEUR.

    Raymond W Gibbs Jr. 2005. Embodiment and cognitive science. Cambridge University Press.

    Catherine Havasi, Robert Speer, and Jason Alonso. 2007. ConceptNet: A Lexical Resource for Common Sense Knowledge. Recent advances in natural language processing V: selected papers from RANLP, 309:269.

    Rumen Iliev and Robert Axelrod. 2017. The paradox of abstraction: Precision versus concreteness. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 46(3):715–729.

    Oi Yee Kwong. 2007. CITYU-HIF: WSD with human-informed feature preference. In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations, pages 109–112. Association for Computational Linguistics.

    Oi Yee Kwong. 2008. A preliminary study on the impact of lexical concreteness on word sense disambiguation. In Proceedings of the 22nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation.

    Alessandro Lenci. 2018. Distributional models of word meaning. Annual review of Linguistics, 4:151–171.

    Alessandro Lenci, Gianluca E Lebani, and Lucia C Passaro. 2018. The emotions of abstract words: A distributional semantic analysis. Topics in cognitive science.

    Antonio Lieto, Andrea Minieri, Alberto Piana, and Daniele P. Radicioni. 2015. A knowledge-based system for prototypical reasoning. Connection Science, 27(2):137–152.

    Antonio Lieto, Enrico Mensa, and Daniele P. Radicioni. 2016. A Resource-Driven Approach for Anchoring Linguistic Resources to Conceptual Spaces. In Proceedings of the XVth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, volume 10037 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 435–449. Springer.

    Antonio Lieto, Daniele P. Radicioni, and Valentina Rho. 2017. Dual peccs: a cognitive system for conceptual representation and categorization. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 29(2):433–452.

    Max M Louwerse. 2011. Symbol interdependency in symbolic and embodied cognition. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3(2):273–302.

    Enrico Mensa, Aureliano Porporato, and Daniele P. Radicioni. 2018a. Grasping metaphors: Lexical semantics in metaphor analysis. In The Semantic Web: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events, pages 192–195, Cham. Springer International.

    Enrico Mensa, Aureliano Porporato, and Daniele P. Radicioni. 2018b. Annotating Concept Abstractness by Common-sense Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, LNAI, Cham. Springer.

    Enrico Mensa, Daniele P. Radicioni, and Antonio Lieto. 2018c. COVER: a linguistic resource combining common senseand lexicographic information. Lang Resources & Evaluation.

    George A Miller, Richard Beckwith, Christiane Fellbaum, Derek Gross, and Katherine J Miller. 1990. Introduction to WordNet: An on-line lexical database. International journal of lexicography, 3(4):235–244.

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    Roberto Navigli and Simone Paolo Ponzetto. 2012. BabelNet: The automatic construction, evaluation and application of a wide-coverage multilingual semantic network. Artificial Intelligence, 193:217–250.

    Yair Neuman, Dan Assaf, Yohai Cohen, Mark Last, Shlomo Argamon, Newton Howard, and Ophir Frieder. 2013. Metaphor identification in large texts corpora. PloS one, 8(4):e62343.

    Allen Newell. 1980. Physical symbol systems. Cognitive science, 4(2):135–183.

    Gabriel Recchia and Michael Jones. 2012. The semantic richness of abstract concepts. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6:315.

    DL Theijssen, H van Halteren, LWJ Boves, and NHJ Oostdijk. 2011. On the difficulty of making concreteness concrete. CLIN Journal, pages 61–77.

    Peter D Turney, Yair Neuman, Dan Assaf, and Yohai Cohen. 2011. Literal and metaphorical sense identification through concrete and abstract context. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 680–690.

    Peter D Turney. 2006. Similarity of semantic relations. Computational Linguistics, 32(3):379–416.

    Xing Xing, Yi Zhang, and Mei Han. 2010. Query difficulty prediction for contextual image retrieval. In European Conference on Information Retrieval, pages 581–585.

    Zhemin Zhu, Delphine Bernhard, and Iryna Gurevych. 2010. A monolingual tree-based translation model for sentence simplification. In Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on computational linguistics, pages 1353–1361. Association for Computational Linguistics.

    Notes de bas de page

    1 Modal or symbolic views of cognition should not be confused with the symbolic AI, based on high-level representations of problems, as outlined by the pioneering work by Newell and Simon (such as, e.g., in (Newell, 1980)), that was concerned with physical symbol systems

    2 https://ls.di.unito.it.

    3 COVER is a lexical resource developed in the frame of a long-standing research aimed at combining ontological and common-sense reasoning (Ghignone et al., 2013; Lieto et al., 2015; Lieto et al., 2017).

    4 Featured by the WordNet synset ID wn:02866578n.

    5 We presently consider the following dimensions: RelatedTo, FormOf, IsA, Synonym, DerivedFrom, SimilarTo and AtLocation.

    6 https://www.english-corpora.org/.

    7 http://wacky.sslmit.unibo.it/doku.php?id=corpora.

    8 Disambiguation proper would require to select a sense in accordance with a given context.

    Auteurs

    • Davide Colla

      Dipartimento di Informatica – Università degli Studi di Torino – davide.colla[at]unito.it

    • Enrico Mensa

      Dipartimento di Informatica – Università degli Studi di Torino – enrico.mensa[at]unito.it

    • Aureliano Porporato

      Dipartimento di Informatica – Università degli Studi di Torino – aureliano.porporato[at]unito.it

    • Daniele P. Radicioni

      Dipartimento di Informatica – Università degli Studi di Torino – daniele.radicioni[at]unito.it

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    Table des matières

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    1 Modal or symbolic views of cognition should not be confused with the symbolic AI, based on high-level representations of problems, as outlined by the pioneering work by Newell and Simon (such as, e.g., in (Newell, 1980)), that was concerned with physical symbol systems

    2 https://ls.di.unito.it.

    3 COVER is a lexical resource developed in the frame of a long-standing research aimed at combining ontological and common-sense reasoning (Ghignone et al., 2013; Lieto et al., 2015; Lieto et al., 2017).

    4 Featured by the WordNet synset ID wn:02866578n.

    5 We presently consider the following dimensions: RelatedTo, FormOf, IsA, Synonym, DerivedFrom, SimilarTo and AtLocation.

    6 https://www.english-corpora.org/.

    7 http://wacky.sslmit.unibo.it/doku.php?id=corpora.

    8 Disambiguation proper would require to select a sense in accordance with a given context.

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    • Colla, Davide. Mensa, Enrico. Radicioni, Daniele P.. (2020) LessLex: Linking Multilingual Embeddings to SenSe Representations of LEXical Items. Computational Linguistics, 46. DOI: 10.1162/coli_a_00375

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    Colla, D., Mensa, E., Porporato, A., & Radicioni, D. P. (2018). Conceptual Abstractness: from Nouns to Verbs. In E. Cabrio, A. Mazzei, & F. Tamburini (éds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2018. Torino: Accademia University Press. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.3226
    Colla, Davide, Enrico Mensa, Aureliano Porporato, et Daniele P. Radicioni. « Conceptual Abstractness: From Nouns to Verbs ». In Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-It 2018, édité par Elena Cabrio, Alessandro Mazzei, et Fabio Tamburini. Torino: Accademia University Press, 2018. doi:10.4000/books.aaccademia.3226.
    Colla, Davide, et al. « Conceptual Abstractness: From Nouns to Verbs ». Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-It 2018, édité par Elena Cabrio et al., Accademia University Press, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.3226.

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    Cabrio, E., Mazzei, A., & Tamburini, F. (éds.). (2018). Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2018. Torino: Accademia University Press. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.2802
    Cabrio, Elena, Alessandro Mazzei, et Fabio Tamburini, éd. Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-It 2018. Torino: Accademia University Press, 2018. doi:10.4000/books.aaccademia.2802.
    Cabrio, Elena, et al., éditeurs. Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-It 2018. Accademia University Press, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.2802.
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