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Mixanthrôpoi

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Emma Aston

General Index

Texte intégral

Acheloos: 79-89, 278, 287-98, 306, 311, 318-19, 323

and cave-dwelling deities: 81, 144-5

and death: 89, 146-7

and Deianeira/Herakles: 79-80, 83, 88, 196, 278-9

and Dionysos: 31, 288-90, 294-5, 301, 319, 323

and Eastern models: 86, 257

and fertility: 88

and fish imagery: 84

and horns: 73, 78, 80, 84, 88, 196, 259

and kourotrophy: 82

and nymphs: 81-2, 85, 88-9, 113, 116-7, 259, 287, 297, 306

and Pan: 113, 117, 144-5

and satyrs: 288-9

and Sirens: 69, 71, 277-859

Anthropomorphisation: 196-9

as a mask: 84, 89, 287-98

as taurine centaur: 83, 199

as a Triton: 83, 199

as a defeated foe: 191

cult at Dodona: 80

cult companions in Attica: 81

cult in caves: 81, 144, 259, 288, 30721

cult sites in central Greece: 81

forms in myth: 82-3, 278-9

in Akarnania: 80, 218

in Magna Graecia: 79-80, 218, 256

local and universal development: 85

location of worship: 79

metamorphosis in literature: 278-9

nobility of character: 293

on votive reliefs: 287, 318-9

oracular role: 80, 145-6

parentage: 20643

relationship to Okeanos: 85-6

stillness in visual depiction: 292-6, 319

visual depiction: 62, 83-4, 9833, 147, 278, 287-98

worship in Attica: 81

Acheloos river: 84-5

Achilles: 13, 3374, 93, 98, 15611, 21690, 330-31

and Thetis: 3274, 5710, 58-61, 6454, 10877, 161, 163, 219, 331

shield of: 331

Acorn, as Arkadian food: 104-6

Agalma: 100, 322

of Demeter Melaina: 168

not mixanthropic: 170

not seen by Pausanias: 169

utterly destroyed in fall of stones: 169, 170

Agamemnon: 77

Aigipan: 120, 20436, 275

Aigokeros: 275-6

Aigospotamoi: 321

Aix: 275-6

Akarpia: 168

and Demeter Melaina: 105, 154

Aktaion:

dogs of: 20436

metamorphosis on vases: 264-5, 290

Alopekos and Astrabakos, driven mad by bound statue: 186

Amaltheia: 88, 141

Amphiaraos: 81, 125156, 156, 209

Amun: 140

relationship to Zeus Ammon: 140

Anchises: 314, 31718, 334

Aniconic images: 320-1

Aniconism, empty space: 159-60, 320

Animal dances: 291

Animal elements in mixanthropes: 148

Animals, Greek attitudes towards: 16-21

and Aristotle: 18

unworthiness for cult: 44

Animal gods:

and earlier scholarship: 11

and early religious systems: 11

as originals: 194-53

Anthedon (Boiotia): 76-7, 163

Anubis: 45-8

Anthos: 107, 184

Anthropomorphic depiction of deities: 312

Anthropomorphisation: 196-201

Antoninus Liberalis: 19, 20, 51

Aphrodite: 335

and Pasiphae: 32647

and Polyphonte: 20

armed: 312

bound: 186

epiphany to Anchises: 314, 31718, 334

statue made by Daidalos: 325

Apkallu: 24-5

Apollo: 40, 312

and ram-related figures: 138

bound: 173

civic importance in Lakonia: 138

compared with Pan: 138

horned representation: 138

importance of ram element: 138

in Sparta: 137

Apollo Epikourios (at Bassai): 246

Apollo Karneios: 137

Apollo Kereatas: 139

Apollo Nomios: 139

Apollodoros: 19

Apotropaic images in Mesopotamia: 24-7

Areion: 101, 102, 270-71

Ariston: 316

Aristotle, on animals: 17-18

and mixanthropes: 44

Arkadia: 98

and the past: 207-12

and rustic deities: 207

and Pan: 207-12, 221-5

and Sparta: 221, 245, 248

animal-human relationship in myths: 208, 210

compared with Athens: 259

hunting and herding: 222, 244

isolation: 244-50

and mercenaries: 244-7

preservation of primitive religion: 235, 244

scarcity of expected mixanthropic cult statues: 244

scarcity of expected mixanthropic deities: 238

symbolic idea of: 109, 113-4, 221-2

Arkas: 111, 119, 210-12, 223, 26314, 273-5

and Pan: 273

Artemis: 20, 312

cult at Brauron: 1943

Artemis Lygodesma: 187

Artemis Orthia: 186

and violence: 187

temple at Corcyra: 39

Asklepios: 123, 156

epiphanies as snake: 125

Athene: 123, 321

Athene Nike at Samothrace: 134

Athens, relationship with Arkadia: 109

relationship with Pan: 109

tomb of Theseus: 121

Autochthony:

and Kekrops: 122-3, 231-2, 259

and Pan: 222

in origin of mixanthropes: 232

of Arkadians: 222, 245

of Athenians: 122-3

Autonoos: 184

Ba-birds (Egyptian): 73

Bassai: 40-41, 173, 246-7

Bellerophon: 36

Bestiality: 19-20

in genealogy of mixanthropes: 276

Birds, in myth: 74-6

and metamorphosis: 74-5

Black, as expressive of anger: 107-8

Bokaros: 79123

Bound statues: 67, 185-7

and warfare: 186

attempted removal in myth: 186

of Aphrodite in Sparta: 186

Boreas: 134

and Oreithyia: 134

Brauron: 93, 1953

Bull of Poseidon: 130

Bulls: 86-9

Burial:

and transformation: 190160

in the displacement of mixanthropes: 190

of monsters: 189

Cannibalism: 102-6, 119, 1558, 185, 187, 223, 250

‘Canon of the monstrous’, and mixan­thropes: 34

Cape Malea: 9412, 157, 216

Capricorn: 120

Caves, and absence: 159

and Acheloos: 81

and Cheiron: 91-4, 99, 101-2, 156-9

and Demeter Melaina: 153-5

and Dionysos: 128177

and Kekrops: 122

and mixanthropes: 114, 144-5, 159-60, 190

and movement: 153

and Nekyomanteia: 153

and nymphs: 113 n.

and Pan: 112-3

and Proteus: 164-8

and wild animals: 145

as portals to the Underworld: 158

as sites of past actions: 202

Double mouthed: 158

Centauromachy: 38-40

Centaurs:

and caves: 145, 216

and Cheiron: 95-8, 188, 219-20, 280-81, 307

and death: 147

and Dionysos: 289

and Kaineus: 13, 39

and mountains: 216

and nymphs: 220106

and Pan: 223-4

and satyrs: 148, 289

as nature spirits: 216

cannot handle wine: 19

character in myth: 38-9, 95-8

expulsion by Herakles: 157

fighting: 38

horse and human elements: 98

in Arabia: 225, 255

Medusa as: 101

on the François Vase: 2038

on Thessalian and Magnesian coinage: 220

plurality of: 307

Cernunnos: 136-7

Cheiron: 41, 271, 340-41

absence: 156-60

and group-centaurs: 95-8, 188, 219-20, 280-81

and healing: 73, 77, 94

and nymphs: 81, 91, 94, 96, 11083, 271-2, 280

and Pan: 110-12

and Thera: 93-4

and Thessalian landscape: 215-20

as antecedent of line of healers: 203

as central to Thessalian mythology: 219

as discoverer of resources: 94

as originator of technai: 203

as part of a divine collective: 91

belonging to lost order of beings: 203-4, 206

conservatism in representation of: 9833

cult of: 91-5

cult sites in S. Italy: 91

cult sites in Thessaly: 91-5

human fore-legs: 98

kourotrophic function: 93-4, 204

lack of images in cult sites: 258, 283

lack of malignity: 188

oracular powers: 5710, 146-7

paired with Zeus: 145

parentage: 96-7

pervades Mount Pelion: 215

relative old age: 20542

wisdom: 57

Cheironion: 92, 215

Chersonese: 321

Chios, Pan ritual: 180126

Chimaira: 14, 31, 36

Chorus, and Dionysiac retinue: 291

Circe: 265

and Gryllos: 1832

and Skylla: 178114

and transformation on vases: 262-3, 266, 309

metamorphosed victims as thiasos: 303-4

Coins, river-gods on: 217-8

Confinement, of monsters: 189

Cornucopia: 88-9, 141

and Acheloos: 88

Costume, and the aetiology of mixan­thropy: 290-92

Cult images: 315-22

and votives: 315

conservatism of: 258

facilitating divine involvement in ritual: 315

ritual activation: 316

Cult statues:

and aetiological myths: 270

human misuse: 174, 180-81

need to bind: 173

rarely mixanthropic: 318-20

supernatural agency: 173, 321-2

Cybele: 112104, 113

Cyprus: 137, 14046, 290-91

Cyrene: 137-8

and Apollo Karneios: 138

and Zeus Ammon: 139

Cyzicus: 551, 130, 132, 20025

Daidala (Boiotian festival): 327

and cult image: 327

Daidaleion: 32645

Daidalos: 323-7, 332-7

and Pasiphae: 326-7, 329, 332

innovative or primitive: 323-4

Daktyloi: 308, 332

Damophon of Messene: 239, 299, 301

Decoration:

and narrative: 27

Eastern influence on: 28

mixanthropes and animals in: 27-30

Deianeira, and Acheloos: 83, 88, 1968, 278-9

Deio (Demeter): 105

Delphi, oracle: 105, 168, 32228

Siphnian Treasury: 3049

Demeter, Eleusinian persona: 154

Demeter Erinys:

and anger: 107

and metamorphosis: 269-71

at Thelpousa: 99-102

Demeter Kidaria: 290

Demeter Melaina:

and Pan: 211, 223-4

and Persephone: 107, 154, 346

and Poseidon: 100-102, 107-8, 154, 226, 239, 241, 269-71, 346

and the human/animal boundary: 342

and the horse: 106-7

as unique, at single cult site: 215

burial of agalma: 190

causes cannibalism: 184

connection with Erinyes: 184

cult at Phigalia: 98-106

cult image: 99-101

destruction of xoanon by fire: 154

importance of image in cave: 155

metamorphosis: 269-71

myth of arrival in Phigalia: 154

relief felt at absence: 155

removal of mixanthropy of cult image: 185

unreliable presence: 168

withdrawal motifs: 154

Demokritos: 325

Demophon: 31717

Despoina: 102-3, 270

sanctuary of at Lykosoura: 103, 239-44, 299-301

Diadochoi: 131

Diodoros on the worship of therio­morphic gods: 45-6

Dionysos: 127-32, 311, 31719, 323

and bound statues: 187153

and bull associations: 119130, 128-30

and divine collectives: 89, 113, 117, 145

and horns: 128, 131-2, 141-2, 182, 200-201

and maenads: 130186

and masks: 288-90, 295, 298

and metamorphosis: 31-2, 182, 266-7, 277, 279, 290

and mixanthropy: 127, 130, 131, 200-201

and Persephone: 128, 131, 277

and theriomorphism: 127, 130

and the Sirens: 73-4

and Thetis: 59, 179

and Titans: 129, 131-2

and Triton: 42-3

and Zeus Ammon: 141-2

as boundary-crosser: 342

as sacrificial victim: 129

at Elis: 128

eestructive force: 182

foists mixanthropes on Greeks, accord­ing to Lucian: 48-9

in art: 30-33, 294-5

Orphic (Zagreus): 128, 132

revenge on Minyades: 7498, 182, 302

stillness in visual depiction: 294

thiasos: 31-2, 73-4, 301-4, 306, 309

Dionysos Anthroporraistos: 129

Divinity, its relation to monstrosity: 151

Dodona: 80-81, 145-6, 218

Dream, of Onatas about the statue of Demeter Melaina: 170

East, as source of mixanthropic forms: 23-7, 86, 257

Echelidai, Acheloos worshipped at: 81

Echidna: 35-6, 66, 125

Echo, and Pan: 182

Effigies, their apotropaic power in the East: 24-5

Egypt: 21-3, 42

and myth of the gods’ flight from Typhon: 226

and Kekrops: 123146, 231-2

and Proteus: 56-7, 227-30

and Zeus Ammon: 140, 142, 233, 290

Greek attitudes towards its gods: 44-8, 225

hieroglyphs: 22

Eidothea: 167

Elaion, Mount: 99, 153

Eleusis: 113, 184138, 215, 270, 3001

Elis, cult of Dionysos at: 128

Ennodia, and Thessalian identity: 221108

Enyalios: 134, 173-4, 186144

Eos: 133, 135, 192

Ephesian beggar, and Apollonios of Tyana: 189

Epimenides, Telchinic History: 33365

Erato: 111, 211

Erichthonios:

and daughters of Kekrops: 126

and Kekrops: 121, 123, 126, 187

birth from the earth: 97, 122-3, 125160, 126

sight of induces madness: 117125, 126, 187

Erinyes:

and Demeter Melaina: 107, 135, 184

and Medusa: 135

and Nike: 191-2

and plurality: 308

depiction with snakes and wings: 135

induce madness: 187

punitive: 107, 135

(See also Semnai Theai)

Erymanthian Boar: 34

Etna, Mount: 189

Eumenides: see Erinyes

Eurynome: 55, 64-7

and Artemis: 185, 236

and Thetis: 61-2, 65, 188

bound statue of: 67, 173, 185

external appearance, unreliability of: 336

inaccessibility of shrine: 67

in myths: 66

physical forms: 65

xoanon of: 65

Extra-urban cult settings, and mixan­thropes: 144

Frazer, James, and the cave of Deme­ter Melaina: 99

Frieze: see Reliefs

Futile mating: 97, 281

Genealogy, of mixanthropic deities: 270-77, 279-81

of group-centaurs: 96-7, 280-81, 330

Glaukos: 55

and prophecy: 76

cult: 76-7

leap: 163-4, 203

representation, in myth and art: 77

Glaukos, mortal horse owner: 107

Golden Age: 206-7, 232, 342

Gorgoneion: 101, 256, 261, 289, 292

Gorgons: 35, 101, 1358

Graiai: 3475, 35

Group-centaurs: see Centaurs

Hades, ruler of the Underworld: 89, 107, 154

Hadrian, and preserved centaur: 42

Halios Gerôn: 55, 562, 57, 76, 205, 278

Harpies: 192

and Sirens: 75103, 76

Harrison, Jane: 11, 1943, 200-1, 260

Hekabe: 177-8

Hekate: 200

Helen: 316

and bitch-imagery: 329

and Pandora: 329-31, 336, 343

and Proteus: 56, 227-8

and Thetis: 63, 331

eidôlon: 330

Hephaistos: 332

and automata: 324-5, 333-4, 336

and Erichthonios: 97, 123

and Pandora: 328-9

and Thetis: 59, 62, 331

confinement: 189

deformity: 32439

expulsion: 179, 189

return: 3066, 3035

Herakleides: 92

Herakles: 45, 95, 113, 141-2, 145, 153, 158, 290

and Acheloos: 79-80, 83, 88, 196

and Cheiron: 157-8, 159, 204, 206

and Triton: 3273

and Zeus Ammon: 45, 142, 290

defeats monsters: 34-6, 38-9, 4097, 41, 75, 157, 238

Hermes: 82, 89, 91, 113, 117, 143, 153, 20229, 26314, 287, 297, 306, 31820

and Pandora: 328, 343

father of Pan: 119128, 211-12, 214, 274, 276

Hieroglyphs, Egyptian: 22

Hippe/Hippo: 272

Horns:

and Acheloos: 73, 78, 80, 84, 88, 196, 259

and Aktaion: 264-5

and Dionysos: 128, 131-2, 141-2, 182, 200-201

and masks: 128, 198, 290-91

and Pan: 118, 196-7

and river-gods: 69, 116118, 131, 217-8, 257

common divine attributes: 21, 136-7

in Mesopotamian imagery: 24-5

non-integral: 2546, 141, 290-91

Ikaros: 332

Iktinos: 40

Ino: 164, 178115

Isis: 45

Ixion, and genealogy of centaurs: 96-7, 280-81, 330

Jason: 325

and Cheiron: 94, 21996

Jost, Madeleine: 9937, 10249, 110, 11189, 115, 20858, 235, 24128, 24334, 247, 249, 26929, 3001

Kabeiroi: 56, 308

Kaineus, and centaurs: 13, 39

Kallirhoe: 82, 85145

Kallisto: 1943, 195

metamorphosis: 263-4, 266

mother of Arkas: 210, 212, 223

mother of Pan: 111, 119-20, 273-5

Kekrops:

and acropolis: 120, 144, 256

and Egypt: 231

and Erichthonios: 121, 123, 126, 187

and kourotrophy: 121139

and Pan, in Athens: 123, 259

and snake form: 125

as culture hero: 127, 340-42

as early king of Attica: 120

cult sites of: 121

daughters of: 123

in sculpture: 126

native or foreign: 231-2

possible cave site: 122

representation: 125-6, 147

rôle as mediator: 127, 259

tomb cult: 146, 191, 202

Kentauros: 96, 307, 33059

Kephisos: 81-2

Kerberos: 33, 3477, 35-7, 1533, 325

Ketes (Proteus): 228

Keto: 35-6, 3792

Kolossoi: 31613

Korinthian animal-frieze pots: 28-30

Kosmos (adornment): 328, 332, 334-5

Kourai hagnai: 94, 121139, 272

Kourotrophy: 82, 121139, 299, 308, 340

and Kekrops: 121139

of Acheloos: 82

of Cheiron: 93-4, 204

of Thetis: 60

Kronos: 36, 66, 189158, 20336, 225, 32127, 332

and the Golden Age: 206-7, 342

father of Cheiron: 94, 96, 156, 206, 271-2

father of Pan: 27448

Ktesias: 124

Kunokephalos/Kunokephaloi: 46, 225

Kybele: 112114, 113, 230127

Kyklopes: 3475, 35, 37, 145, 189, 20233, 206

Kypselos, Chest of: 6342, 158, 191163

Lamashtu: 24-5

Lapiths, and centaurs: 38-40, 157, 224

Leukas: 178

Lévi-Strauss, Claude: 16, 2589

Lykaia games: 111

Lykaion, Mount: 207, 210-11, 221

and other Arkadian cult sites: 10355, 249-50

cannibalism and lycanthropy: 102-3, 119

sanctuary of Zeus: 111

shrine of Pan: 11088, 11089, 111-13, 116, 145-56, 273

Lykaon, his crime and transgression: 102, 104, 10561, 106, 112, 119, 208-13, 250, 342-3

Lykomedes of Mantineia: 245

Lykosoura: 248-50, 270

and Pan: 111

marginality of mixanthropic imagery: 243-4, 256

mixanthropic terracotta figurines: 137, 241-2

ritual and masks: 241-3, 291, 300, 304

sanctuary of Despoina: 103, 2355, 239, 30620

statue-group and its decoration: 239-41, 243, 299-301, 303, 309

Magna Graecia: 256

and Cheiron: 91

and river-gods: 78-9, 130-31, 218, 256

and Sirens: 68-70

Malea: 9412, 157, 216

Mantineia: 248-9

Marduk: 26, 35

Masks:

and Acheloos: 84, 89, 198, 256, 287-92

and Dionysos: 128, 288-90, 294-5, 298, 32228

and satyrs: 256, 288-90, 291-2, 296-7

and transformation: 119, 267, 289-92

and Zeus Ammon: 140

as concealment: 2899

as inanimate decoration: 292-7

at Lykosoura: 241-3, 291, 300, 304

Medea: 325

Medusa: 35-6, 39, 101, 135, 261, 28466, 289, 29322

feminising trend in visual depiction: 199

Megalopolis: 237

and Arkadian identity: 111, 248-50

cult of the Eumenides: 107

cult of Pan: 110-11, 249

sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios: 249

synoecism: 10353, 221

Melikertes: 164

Melissai: 27

Memnon: 7599, 136

Menelaos: 76

and Proteus: 57-8, 77, 1467, 165-7, 278

Merman: 551, 5714, 66, 77

Mesopotamia: 21, 23-6, 3792, 88154, 257

Messenia: 246-7

Metamorphosis:

and escape: 20

and retribution: 19-20

and trauma: 274

complete or in progress: 262-3

difficulty of representation in art: 261, 311

in genealogy of mixanthropes: 270-77

in genealogy of shape-changers: 277

malign: 341-3

representation in literature and art: 284

representation through mixanthropy: 261-8, 280

Methydrion, and early Pan image: 115, 307

Midas: 227, 230-31

Minoan and Mycenaean imagery: 304-6

Minos: 20, 130, 323, 325-6, 332, 336

Minotaur: 20, 83, 130, 265, 279, 332, 344

birth: 326-7

Minyades: 7498, 182, 302

Mischwesen: 14

Mixanthropes:

absence of collective terminology for, in Greek: 15

adaptability and popularity in art: 32

ambivalence towards: 191, 207, 399

and death: 146-7, 202-4, 213-4

and divine collectives: 145

and past time: 193-213

and regional connections: 214-32, 247-50

as adversaries: 151

as foreign kings: 227-32

belief in: 43

burial: 190-91

‘charming’: 199

compared with heroes and Nymphs: 14-15, 147

composition, trends and variation: 147

connection with pharmakoi: 175-81

defeat of: 34, 73, 151, 166, 181, 191, 339

ethnicity of, in past scholarship: 233

harmful presence: 181-8

owning and disowning of: 232-3

pervasiveness of their images: 27

Mixanthropic deities:

as ‘one-offs’ in Arkadia: 256

depiction on reliefs: 318-9

embody heightened difficulty of human / god relationship: 339-40

explicit ancient comment on mixan­thropic deities in ancient texts: 43-9

express ideal humanity: 340-42

genealogy: 270-77, 279-81

metamorphosis and elusiveness: 285

questionable presence: 298

repeated depiction in Attica: 256

scarcity of cult images: 77

Mixanthropy:

and aniconism: 322

and automata: 326-7

and boundary-crossing: 309

and costume: 290-91

and key parts of the body: 132

and manufacture: 330

and social evolution: 194-201

as a later development in art: 200-201

definition and etymology of the term: 13-14

effects resolution: 341-4

in decoration: 27-30

in representation of metamorphosis: 261-8, 343

in representation of shape-changers: 280

in the Near East: 23-7, 86, 257, 306

integral and superficial: 2546, 133, 141, 290-91

transcending individuality: 309-10

used for depiction of baneful deities: 181

Mnêma: 70

Monsters: 33-4

ancient terminology: 12-13

and hypostasis: 194-5

and manufacture: 323-7, 334-7

and metamorphosis: 280-85

and mixanthropy: 339

burial and confinement of: 189-90

cannot handle wine: 19

control through representation: 319

creation: 335

defeat by gods or heroes: 33-42, 151, 157, 189-92, 206

genealogy: 96-7, 280-81

in art: 27-33, 38-42, 199-200

in paradoxography: 42-3

Near Eastern: 23-7

relics: 193

subordination: 36-7

sympathy of vase-painters towards: 199

Mountains, and the past: 202

Mycenaean imagery: see Minoan and Mycenaean imagery

Naos, naomai: 317

Nature deities: 144

and divine plurality: 30721

Nebuchadnezzar: 26

Nekyomanteion: 15827

Nemean Lion: 3477, 35-6, 158

Nephele: 9726, 281, 330

Nereids: 32, 5824, 59, 65, 6664, 162-3, 240

Nereus: 55, 57, 173, 228, 268, 27758, 278

Nike: 134, 191-2, 1967

Nike Apteron, xoanon of: 134, 174

Ninurta: 26, 35

Nostalgia, and Pausanias: 171-2

Numphê: 15

Nympholepsy: 914

Nymphs: 144, 147, 158, 162, 215, 217, 306, 308

and Acheloos: 81-2, 85, 88-9, 113, 116-7, 259, 287, 297, 306

and centaurs: 220106

and Cheiron: 81, 91, 94, 96, 11083, 271-2, 280

and Pan: 111, 113, 117, 146, 259, 272, 28365, 287, 306

and satyrs: 1931

and springs: 217

and trees: 21792

taxonomic dilemma concerning: 15

Odysseus:

and Athene: 3146

and Circe: 262-3, 303

and Poseidon Hippios: 274

and Sirens: 34, 68, 72

as ‘faded god’ 1943

as father of Pan: 274-5

Okeanos: 55, 5714, 66, 85-6, 20643, 236

Onatas of Aegina: 100, 168-70, 190, 347

Ophion: 66

Orestes: 107-8, 1358, 179119, 186-7

Orientalizing revolution: 28-9, 2576

Orphism: 128, 131-2, 277, 33160

Paideia: 109, 220, 340, 3411

Pan:

and Acheloos: 113, 117, 144-5

and Arkas: 119, 211-12, 223, 273-4

and Demeter Melaina: 211, 223-4

and horns: 118, 196-7

and horse element in genealogy: 274

and Kekrops in Athens: 259

and madness: 182

and nymphs: 111, 113, 117, 146, 259, 272, 28365, 287, 306.

and pastoral verse: 207-8

and sexual violence: 183

and symbolic idea of Arkadia: 113-4, 221-4

and the rustic collective: 117

and torch races: 112

and wolves: 112

anthropomorphisation of: 116, 197-9, 201

as Olympian: 283

as pharmakos: 180-83

Attic development of mixanthropic form: 115-6

autochthony of: 222

birth: 119, 272-7

cult in Arkadia: 110-12

cult site in Athens: 112

enduring quality: 213

etymology of his name: 117122

fertility associations: 117

fish associations: 120

flagellation of cult statue: 180-81

generic identity: 306-7

indigenous in Arkadia: 257

malign presence of: 182

meets Philippides: 70, 112

oracular function: 111-2, 145-6

Panic shout: 182

plurality: 306-7

resemblance to satyrs: 115

urban shrines: 110

votive offerings on Mount Lykaion: 11089

worship by herdsmen: 11089, 221-2

youth: 211-12

Pandora:

and Helen: 329-30

and Hephaistos: 328-9

and Pasiphae: 329, 336

bitch mind: 328-9, 343

head-dress: 329, 3438

Pania: 211

Pan Painter, name vase of: 183

Parthenoi: 162

Parthenon: 300, 321

centauromachy on the metopes: 39-41

Parthenope: 204-5

and motif of departure: 179

and other Sirens: 70, 307-8

cult: 68-70

death and burial: 179, 202

torch-race: 70

Pasiphae: 19-20, 326-7, 332, 336

and Pandora: 329, 336

and minotaur: 326-7, 344

Pastoral verse: 207-8

Pausanias: 51, 65, 10251, 107-8, 170-71, 209-10, 236-8, 342

and archaising tendency: 171

and nostalgia: 171-2

on cult statues: 172-3, 250, 320, 323

on Demeter Melaina: 6556, 99-101, 154, 168-70, 215, 270

on Eurynome: 62, 65

Pazuzu: 25

Pegasos: 35, 39, 8751, 101

Peisistratos, and the fake Athene: 313

Pelasgians: 212

Pelasgos: 104, 106, 209, 212

Peleus: 58-9, 62-3, 161-3, 166-7, 228124, 285, 331

and Cheiron: 5710, 97, 188155, 204, 219-20

Pelion, Mount: 5926, 330

and Cheiron: 77, 92-5, 97-8, 113, 145, 156-61, 189, 203-4, 215-19, 220103

Pelôr/pelôron: 12, 33, 3476, 35

Pentheus: 32, 130187, 342

Penelope: 1943, 214, 274, 276

Pergamon: 125159, 131198, 347

Persephone: 89, 112, 119, 1559, 198, 223

and Demeter Melaina: 107, 154, 346

and Dionysos: 128, 131, 277

and Sirens: 7390, 75, 89, 178116

and torches: 112

Perseus: 36, 39, 101, 261, 19322

Pharmakos:

and animal form: 176-7

and bound images: 186147

and fertility: 175-6

and topography: 177-9

ritual treatment: 175, 177-8

Pharsalos: 59, 219101

cave of Cheiron near: 91-2, 94, 11083, 113

possible cult of Thetis in: 58

Thetideion near: 58, 160-61

Pheidias: 40, 321

Pheneos: 274, 29010

Phigalia: 104-6, 10878, 112, 211, 223, 239-41, 26928, 270, 301

cult of Eurynome: 6140, 64-5, 67, 173, 185, 236-7

cult of Demeter Melaina: 99-101, 107, 153-5, 168-9, 172-3, 185, 208-9, 215, 346-8

lack of isolation: 101-3, 247-8, 24958, 250

Philippides, his encounter with Pan: 70, 112

Philippos: 325

Philyra: 94, 96, 156, 215, 271-2, 27445

Pholoë, Mount: 157, 216

Pholos: 38-9, 4097, 41, 96, 145, 157, 216, 219

Phylios: 19

Piraeus: 140

snake-form deities in: 124

Polyphemos: 19, 564, 104-5, 145, 2033, 20751

Polyphonte: 20

Poseidon: 20, 39, 87, 91, 130, 326

and Demeter Melaina: 100, 107-8, 154, 226, 239, 241, 269-71, 346

Poseidon Hippios: 108, 248-9, 274

Potnia thêrôn: 303-5

Prometheus: 10250, 157, 15929, 33058, 343

Proteus: 55-6, 268, 278, 308

age of: 205

and caves: 164-8

and Egypt: 56-7, 228-30

and Helen: 56

and Karpathos: 56

and Menelaos: 57-8, 77, 1467, 165-7, 278

and Midas: 227, 230-31

and Pharos: 56

capture: 165

evasiveness of: 167-8

flocks of seals: 165-6

oracular powers: 57

physical form: 57-8, 278

wisdom: 57

Relief sculpture, in depiction of mixan­thropes: 308-10, 318-9

Rhodes, and Telchines: 56, 20336, 333

Rites of passage, and their spatial enact­ment: 162

River-gods: 87

and coinage: 78-9, 218

and river identities: 216

and Sirens: 69

cults: 78

difficulties of identification: 78-9, 131, 278

in Magna Graecia: 78-9, 130-31, 218, 256

strong localisation: 216-8

visual representation: 78, 87151, 88154, 88158, 147, 1968, 293

Satyrs: 31-2, 41-2, 48, 115, 118, 145-6, 148, 183, 1931, 19710, 19921, 205, 207, 266, 27448, 295, 301-3, 306-7

and Hephaistos: 3066

and masks: 256, 288-90, 291-2, 296-7

and nymphs: 1931

and Sirens: 73

faces: 33

Sea:

and character of Thetis: 64

as repository of rejected things: 177-9

Sea caves, and Proteus: 164-8

Seals (marine): 56, 63, 165-7, 228124

Second Sophistic: 51, 170-72

Sêma: 70

Semele: 49126, 131, 314

Semnai Theai: 135, 308 (See also Erinyes)

Semonides: 32955

Sepias promontory, and Thetis: 57-9, 63, 160-61, 163

Shape-changers: 57, 78, 89, 160, 267, 269, 277-80, 296, 309

Silenoi: 3167, 41, 112104, 118, 146, 205, 266, 291, 301, 303, 307

Silenos: 41-2, 48, 139, 1931, 207, 243

and Silenoi: 1468, 205, 307

Sirens: 55, 199

and death: 72-3, 178, 191-2

and Odysseus: 34, 68, 72

and Parthenope: 307-8

and Persephone: 7390, 75, 89, 178116

and river-gods: 69

and satyrs: 73

and song: 73, 340

cult locations: 68-9, 256

decorative and narrative depictions: 70-72

genealogy in literature: 71, 20643, 27759

Siwah, oracle of Zeus Ammon at: 13936, 140, 142, 257

Snake-formed gods: 124-5

Snakes, symbolic character: 123

Sparta:

and Arkadia: 221, 245, 248

and Messenia: 246-7

Apollo Karneios: 137

Artemis Orthia: 186-7, 2884

bound Aphrodite: 186

Enyalios: 134, 173

Thetis: 58, 61-2

Zeus Ammon: 137, 139, 2575

Stoics, views on animals: 18

Stymphalian Birds: 75-6, 238

Stymphalos, sanctuary of Artemis: 75, 237-8

Talos: 325, 336

Telchines: 203-4, 308, 332, 334, 336

and metallurgy: 332

and Rhodes: 56, 20336, 333

causing transformation in surroundings: 333

flouting natural laws: 333

Temples:

as residences of gods: 316-7, 335

centauromachies on: 38-40

mixanthropic decoration in/on: 292, 300, 30620

monsters in/on: 39, 42-3, 75, 238

rarity in cults of mixanthropes: 114111, 144

Teras: 12, 33-4, 38, 42, 44, 117124, 17598, 176, 179120

Theban Sphinx: 35, 7391, 293

Thelpousa, cult of Demeter Erinys: 99, 101-3, 21586, 248, 26929, 27031, 300

Thera:

and Apollo Karneios / Zeus Ammon: 137

and Cheiron: 93-4

Therianthrope: 14

Thessaly: 60-61, 218-22, 225, 232

and horse rearing: 219

coins: 160, 218

(See also Pelion, Pharsalos and Sepias)

Thetideion, near Pharsalos: 58, 92, 160, 16142

Thetis:

abandoning her family: 161-2, 219

aiding sailors in peril: 59-60

and Achilles: 3274, 5710, 58-61, 6454, 10877, 161, 163, 219, 331

and Demeter: 10877

and Eurynome: 61-2, 65, 188

and Helen: 63, 331

and Hephaistos: 59

and the sea: 64

cult image: 61-2

cult sites: 58

evasiveness: 167-8, 188

instability: 162-3

kourotrophy: 60

shape-changing: 62-3, 161, 285

visual representation: 61-4

Thiasos, of Dionysos: 31-2, 73-4, 301-4, 306, 309

and Circe: 303-4

marine: 32, 162, 300-301, 308

Titans: 36, 120136, 206, 275

and Dionysos: 129, 131-2

Tithonos: 135-6

Tomb-cult: 56, 70, 73, 121-2, 146-7, 191, 202-3, 228-9

Totem/totemism: 11, 1943, 251

Torches:

and Pan: 112

and Parthenope: 70

and Persephone: 112

Triton: 57, 6664, 76, 141-2, 266, 278, 308

Acheloos as: 83, 199

of Tanagra: 42, 193

Tritons: 32, 240

Trophonios: 123, 156, 166

Typhoios: 36-7, 66

Typhon: 71, 9725, 120, 125, 142, 1531, 226

Underground chambers as residences of heroes: 156

Vase-painting:

and cult: 197

establishes mixanthropic forms: 258

Votive reliefs: 287

depiction of mixanthropes: 309, 318-9

Water, and bulls: 87

and horses: 87

Wings, and escape: 134

and aggression: 134-5

in myth and art: 133-4

Wolves: 112, 182, 20856, 20962, 3036, 30412

Xenokrateia: 81-2

Xoanon:

and Pausanias: 172, 174, 250

power: 174, 320-22

Zeus: 36, 314, 327

and Dionysos: 277

and metamorphosis: 142, 268

and Pan: 273, 275

and Pandora: 328

and Themis concerning the Trojan War: 330

instilling cosmic order: 37

statue at Olympia: 32126

weather-related deity: 142

Zeus Akraios: 92, 137

Zeus Ammon: 45, 233, 237, 257, 290

and Apollo Karneios: 137

and Dionysos: 141-2

and Herakles: 45, 142, 290

and prophecy: 140

and Thera: 137

and Triton: 141, 142

cult at Siwah: 140

cult in Greece: 139-40

god of the oasis: 142

in Cyrene: 139

visual representation: 140-41

Zeus Ktesios: 137

Zeus Laphystios: 137

Zeus Lykaios:

and Pan: 111, 211, 25063

cult at Megalopolis: 111, 249

cult on Mount Lykaion: 102, 104

Zeus Meilichios: 124, 137

Zeus Naios, and Acheloos: 80

Zeus Sabazios: 137

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